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International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2023The endometrium has traditionally been considered sterile. Nowadays, active studies are performed on the female upper genital tract microbiota. Bacteria and/or viruses...
The endometrium has traditionally been considered sterile. Nowadays, active studies are performed on the female upper genital tract microbiota. Bacteria and/or viruses colonizing the endometrium are known to alter its functional properties, including receptivity and embryo implantation. Uterine cavity inflammation caused by microorganisms leads to disrupted cytokine expression, which, in turn, is mandatory for the successful implantation of the embryo. The present study assessed the vaginal and endometrial microbiota composition and its relation to the levels of cytokines produced by the endometrium in reproductive-aged women complaining of secondary infertility of unknown origin. The multiplex real-time PCR assay was applied for vaginal and endometrial microbiota analysis. The quantitative measurement of endometrial α-defensin (DEFa1), transforming growth factor (TGFβ1), and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF2) was carried out using the ELISA (Cloud-Clone Corporation (Katy, TX, USA; manufactured in Wuhan, China). A reliable decline in endometrial TGFβ1 and bFGF2 and an increase in DEFa1 were demonstrated in women with idiopathic infertility when compared to fertile patients. However, TGFβ1, bFGF2, and DEFa1 expression correlated reliably only with the presence of spp. and HPV in the uterine cavity. The obtained results highlight the importance of local immune biomarker determination in the assessment of certain bacteria and viruses' significance as causative agents of infertility.
Topics: Humans; Female; Adult; Uterus; Infertility; Endometrium; Embryo Implantation; Uterine Diseases; Cytokines; Microbiota; Infertility, Female
PubMed: 37108732
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087572 -
Annals of Clinical Microbiology and... Apr 2023Finegoldia magna (formerly known as Peptococcus magnus or Peptostreptococcus magnus) belonging to phylum Firmicutes, class Clostridia and genus Finegoldia, is the only...
BACKGROUND
Finegoldia magna (formerly known as Peptococcus magnus or Peptostreptococcus magnus) belonging to phylum Firmicutes, class Clostridia and genus Finegoldia, is the only species known to cause infections in human beings. Amongst Gram positive anaerobic cocci, F. magna is known to be the most virulent with a high pathogenic potential. Significant upsurge in antimicrobial resistance among anaerobes has been documented by various studies. F. magna is known to be susceptible to most of the anti-anaerobic antimicrobials, however, multidrug resistant strains are being reported in literature. The present study was undertaken to highlight the role of F. magna in clinical infections and to analyze their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns.
METHODS
The present study was conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital in Southern India. 42 clinical isolates of F. magna recovered from diverse clinical infections between January 2011 to December 2015 were studied. These isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing against metronidazole, clindamycin, cefoxitin, penicillin, chloramphenicol and linezolid.
RESULTS
Among the 42 isolates studied, majority of them were revived from diabetic foot infections (31%) followed by necrotizing fasciitis (19%) and deep-seated abscesses (19%). All the F. magna isolates showed good in-vitro activity against metronidazole, cefoxitin, linezolid and chloramphenicol. Clindamycin and penicillin resistance were observed against 9.5% and 2.4% of the isolates respectively. However, β-lactamase activity was not detected.
CONCLUSION
The antimicrobial resistance among anaerobes varies from pathogen to pathogen and region to region. Hence, a deep understanding of resistance pattern is necessary for better management of clinical infections.
Topics: Humans; Clindamycin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cefoxitin; Metronidazole; Linezolid; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Anti-Infective Agents; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Chloramphenicol
PubMed: 37098571
DOI: 10.1186/s12941-023-00583-1 -
Journal of Animal Science and Technology Mar 2023Ruminal protozoa, especially entodiniomorphs, engulf other members of the rumen microbiome in large numbers; and they release oligopeptides and amino acids, which can be...
Ruminal protozoa, especially entodiniomorphs, engulf other members of the rumen microbiome in large numbers; and they release oligopeptides and amino acids, which can be fermented to ammonia and volatile fatty acids (VFAs) by amino acid-fermenting bacteria (AAFB). Studies using defaunated (protozoa-free) sheep have demonstrated that ruminal protozoa considerably increase intraruminal nitrogen recycling but decrease nitrogen utilization efficiency in ruminants. However, direct interactions between ruminal protozoa and AAFB have not been demonstrated because of their inability to establish axenic cultures of any ruminal protozoan. Thus, this study was performed to evaluate the interaction between , which is the most predominant rumen ciliate species, and an AAFB consortium in terms of feed degradation and ammonia production along with the microbial population shift of select bacterial species (, , and ). From an culture that had been maintained by daily feeding and transfers every 3 or 4 days, the bacteria and methanogens loosely associated with cells were removed by filtration and washing. An AAFB consortium was established by repeated transfers and enrichment with casamino acids as the sole substrate. The cultures of alone (Ec) and AAFB alone (AAFB) and the co-culture of and AAFB (Ec + AAFB) were set up in three replicates and incubated at 39°C for 72 h. The digestibility of dry matter (DM) and fiber (NDF), VFA profiles, ammonia concentrations, pH, and microscopic counts of were compared among the three cultures. The co-culture of AAFB and enhanced DM degradation, VFA production, and cell counts; conversely, it decreased acetate: propionate ratio although the total bacterial abundance was similar between Ec and the Ec + AAFB co-culture after 24 h incubation. The ammonia production and relative abundance of and did not differ between AAFB alone and the Ec + AAFB co-culture. Our results indicate that and AAFB could have a mutualistic interaction that benefited each other, but their interactions were complex and might not increase ammoniagenesis. Further research should examine how such interactions affect the population dynamics of AAFB.
PubMed: 37093931
DOI: 10.5187/jast.2022.e111 -
Poultry Science Jun 2023Intestinal health of broiler chickens is influenced by the concentration of dietary amino acids but data are limited on the role of dietary methionine (Met). Two...
Intestinal permeability, microbiota composition, and expression of genes related to intestinal barrier function of broiler chickens fed different methionine sources supplemented at varying concentrations.
Intestinal health of broiler chickens is influenced by the concentration of dietary amino acids but data are limited on the role of dietary methionine (Met). Two experiments were conducted to investigate the implications of different Met sources for performance, gut barrier function, and intestinal microbiota in broilers. In the first experiment, Ross 308 off-sex birds (n = 900) were assigned to 10 dietary treatments each replicated 9 times in a 35-day study. Three sources of Met included DL-Met, L-Met, or Met hydroxy analog free acid (MHA-FA), each supplemented at suboptimal (SUB) at 80%, adequate (ADE) at 100% and over-requirement (OVR) at 120% of the specifications against a deficient (DEF) diet with no added Met. The second experiment used 96 Ross 308 broilers in a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement. Four diets included 3 sources of Met supplemented at ADE level plus the DEF treatment. On d 17, 19, and 23, half of the birds in each dietary treatment were injected with dexamethasone (DEX) to induce leaky gut. In the first experiment, without an interaction, from d 0 to 35, birds fed DL-Met and L-Met performed similarly for BWG, feed intake, and FCR but birds fed MHA-FA had less feed intake and BWG (P < 0.05). At d 23, mRNA expression of selected tight junction proteins was not affected except for claudin 2. Ileal microbiota of DEF treatment was different from DL-MET or L-MET supplemented birds (P < 0.05). However, microbiota of MHA-FA treatments was only different at OVR from the DEF group. The abundance of Peptostreptococcus increased in DEF treatment whereas Lactobacillus decreased. In the second experiment, DEX independently increased (P < 0.001) intestinal permeability assayed by fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran, but diet had no effect. DL-Met and L-Met fed birds had a higher level of claudin 3 only in DEX-injected birds (P < 0.05). In conclusion, unlike the level of supplementation, DL-Met, L-Met, and MHA-FA were largely similar in their limited impacts on intestinal barrier function and gut microbiota in broilers.
Topics: Animals; Chickens; Dietary Supplements; Methionine; Diet; Racemethionine; Microbiota; Permeability; Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
PubMed: 37043958
DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102656 -
The International Journal of Biological... Jun 2023Dysbiosis commonly occurs in pancreatic cancer, but its specific characteristics and interactions with pancreatic cancer remain obscure.
BACKGROUND
Dysbiosis commonly occurs in pancreatic cancer, but its specific characteristics and interactions with pancreatic cancer remain obscure.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The 16S rRNA sequencing method was used to analyze multisite (oral and gut) microbiota characteristics of pancreatic cancer, chronic pancreatitis, and healthy controls. Differential analysis was used to identify the pancreatic cancer-associated genera and pathways. A random forest algorithm was adopted to establish the diagnostic models for pancreatic cancer.
RESULTS
The chronic pancreatitis group exhibited the lowest microbial diversity, while no significant difference was found between the pancreatic cancer group and healthy controls group. Diagnostic models based on the characteristics of the oral (area under the curve (AUC) 0.916, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.832-1) or gut (AUC 0.856; 95% CI 0.74, 0.972) microbiota effectively discriminate the pancreatic cancer samples in this study, suggesting saliva as a superior sample type in terms of detection efficiency and clinical compliance. Oral pathogenic genera (, , , , etc.) and gut opportunistic genera (, , , , , etc.), were significantly enriched in pancreatic cancer. The 16S function prediction analysis revealed that inflammation, immune suppression, and barrier damage pathways were involved in the course of pancreatic cancer.
CONCLUSION
This study comprehensively described the microbiota characteristics of pancreatic cancer and suggested potential microbial markers as non-invasive tools for pancreatic cancer diagnosis.
Topics: Humans; Bacteria; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Microbiota; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Pancreatitis, Chronic
PubMed: 37017014
DOI: 10.1177/03936155231166721 -
Journal of Veterinary Research Mar 2023Canine periodontitis results among other factors from a disturbed balance of dental plaque microflora and an inadequate host inflammatory response to a stimulus. This...
INTRODUCTION
Canine periodontitis results among other factors from a disturbed balance of dental plaque microflora and an inadequate host inflammatory response to a stimulus. This investigation sought to identify microorganisms associated with canine periodontitis.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Microbiological analysis was undertaken of gingival pockets in an experimental group of 36 dogs with periodontal diseases. Swabs were collected with the use of Pet Test (MIP Pharma, Berlin, Germany) from patients with gingival pockets deeper than 5 mm. Samples were aggregated and placed in separate shipping containers with the Pet Test kit.
RESULTS
Identification was made of the most common microorganisms, . , and . The red complex constituted the largest proportion of all analysed organisms (84.26%). was isolated from 33 dogs, from 32 dogs, from 29 animals and from 20.
CONCLUSION
The highest percentage of pathogens was supplied by (61%). It is thought that dogs acquire them by means of cross-species transmission. The inter-study variability of results may depend not only on the method of periopathogen detection, but also on environmental factors, host immune status or genetic background. Depending on the state of periodontal disease, patients show varied microbiological profiles of the gingival pockets.
PubMed: 37008776
DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2023-0005 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2023Gastric microbiome has been shown to contribute to gastric carcinogenesis, understanding how alterations in gastric microbiome is helpful to the prevention and treatment...
Gastric microbiome has been shown to contribute to gastric carcinogenesis, understanding how alterations in gastric microbiome is helpful to the prevention and treatment of gastric cancer (GC). However, few studies have focused on the change of microbiome during the gastric carcinogenesis. In this study, the microbiome of gastric juice samples from healthy control (HC), gastric precancerous lesions (GPL) and gastric cancer (GC) was investigated by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Our results showed that the alpha diversity of patients with GC was significantly lower than other groups. Compared to other groups, some genera in GC group were shown to be up-regulated (e.g., and ) and down-regulated (e.g., and ). More importantly, the emergence of was closely related to the occurrence and development of GC. Moreover, the microbial interactions and networks in GPL exhibited higher connectivity, complexity and lower clustering property, while GC showed the opposite trend. Taken together, we suggest that changes in the gastric microbiome are associated with GC and perform a key function in maintaining the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, our findings will provide new ideas and references for the treatment of GC.
PubMed: 36970687
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1138928 -
Chinese Medical Journal Dec 2023Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an independent risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC), and the patients with CRC and T2DM have worse survival. The human gut...
BACKGROUND
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an independent risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC), and the patients with CRC and T2DM have worse survival. The human gut microbiota (GM) is linked to the development of CRC and T2DM, respectively. However, the GM characteristics in patients with CRC and T2DM remain unclear.
METHODS
We performed fecal metagenomic and targeted metabolomics studies on 36 samples from CRC patients with T2DM (DCRC group, n = 12), CRC patients without diabetes (CRC group, n = 12), and healthy controls (Health group, n = 12). We analyzed the fecal microbiomes, characterized the composition and function based on the metagenomics of DCRC patients, and detected the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and bile acids (BAs) levels in all fecal samples. Finally, we performed a correlation analysis of the differential bacteria and metabolites between different groups.
RESULTS
Compared with the CRC group, LefSe analysis showed that there is a specific GM community in DCRC group, including an increased abundance of Eggerthella , Hungatella , Peptostreptococcus , and Parvimonas , and decreased Butyricicoccus , Lactobacillus , and Paraprevotella . The metabolomics analysis results revealed that the butyric acid level was lower but the deoxycholic acid and 12-keto-lithocholic acid levels were higher in the DCRC group than other groups ( P < 0.05). The correlation analysis showed that the dominant bacterial abundance in the DCRC group ( Parvimonas , Desulfurispora , Sebaldella , and Veillonellales , among others) was negatively correlated with butyric acid, hyodeoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, glycochenodeoxycholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, cholic acid and glycocholate. However, the abundance of mostly inferior bacteria was positively correlated with these metabolic acid levels, including Faecalibacterium , Thermococci , and Cellulophaga .
CONCLUSIONS
Unique fecal microbiome signatures exist in CRC patients with T2DM compared to those with non-diabetic CRC. Alterations in GM composition and SCFAs and secondary BAs levels may promote CRC development.
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Microbiota; Bacteria; Fatty Acids, Volatile; Colorectal Neoplasms; Butyrates; Feces
PubMed: 36959686
DOI: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000002421 -
Otolaryngology--head and Neck Surgery :... Jun 2023To examine the oral microbiome in the context of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma.
OBJECTIVE
To examine the oral microbiome in the context of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma.
STUDY DESIGN
Basic science research.
SETTING
Academic medical center.
METHODS
Oral swabs were collected from patients presenting to the operating room for management of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma and from age- and sex-matched control patients receiving surgery for unrelated benign conditions. 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing was performed on genetic material obtained from swabs. A bacterial rRNA gene library was created and sequence reads were sorted into taxonomic units.
RESULTS
Thirty-one control patients (17 males) and 35 cancer patients (21 males) were enrolled. Ages ranged from 23 to 89 (median 63) for control patients and 35 to 86 (median 66) for cancer patients. Sixty-one percent of control patients and 63% of cancer patients were smokers. 16S analyses demonstrated a significant decrease in Streptococcus genera in oral cancer patients (34.11% vs 21.74% of the population, p = .04). Increases in Fusobacterium, Peptostreptococcus, Parvimonas, and Neisseria were also found. The abundance of these bacteria correlated with tumor T-stage.
CONCLUSION
16S rRNA sequencing demonstrated changes in bacterial populations in oral cavity cancer and its progression compared to noncancer controls. We found increases in bacteria genera that correspond with tumor stage-Fusobacteria, Peptostreptococcus, Parvimonas, Neisseria, and Treponema. These data suggest that oral cancer creates an environment to facilitate foreign bacterial growth, rather than implicating a specific bacterial species in carcinogenesis. These bacteria can be employed as a potential marker for tumor progression or interrogated to better characterize the tumor microenvironment.
Topics: Humans; Male; Bacteria; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Mouth Neoplasms; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 36939272
DOI: 10.1002/ohn.211 -
Cell Host & Microbe Mar 2023The intestinal microbiota plays an important role in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression. However, the effect of tissue-resident commensal bacteria on CRC immune...
The intestinal microbiota plays an important role in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression. However, the effect of tissue-resident commensal bacteria on CRC immune surveillance remains poorly understood. Here, we analyzed the intratissue bacteria from CRC patient colon tissues. We found that the commensal bacteria belonging to the Lachnospiraceae family, including Ruminococcus gnavus (Rg), Blautia producta (Bp), and Dorea formicigenerans (Df), were enriched in normal tissues, while Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) and Peptostreptococcus anaerobius (Pa) were abundant in tumor tissues. Tissue-resident Rg and Bp reduced colon tumor growth and promoted the activation of CD8 T cells in immunocompetent mice. Mechanistically, intratissue Rg and Bp degraded lyso-glycerophospholipids that inhibited CD8 T cell activity and maintained the immune surveillance function of CD8 T cells. Lyso-glycerophospholipids alone promoted tumor growth that was abrogated with Rg and Bp injection. Collectively, intratissue Lachnospiraceae family bacteria facilitate the immune surveillance function of CD8 T cells and control colorectal cancer progression.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Colorectal Neoplasms; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Carcinogenesis; Colonic Neoplasms; Fusobacterium nucleatum
PubMed: 36893736
DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2023.01.013