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Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) May 2024A thick periodontal phenotype with thick gingiva and alveolar bone volume is required for safe orthodontic tooth movement and long-term stability. A high incidence of...
Combined Periodontal-Orthodontic Treatment with Periodontal Corticotomy Regenerative Surgery in an Adult Patient Suffering from Periodontitis and Skeletal Class II Malocclusion: A Case Report with 5-Year Longitudinal Observation.
A thick periodontal phenotype with thick gingiva and alveolar bone volume is required for safe orthodontic tooth movement and long-term stability. A high incidence of dehiscence and fenestration in the labial aspect of mandibular anterior teeth may limit the correction of deformity and orthodontic treatment, especially when the lower anterior teeth are needed to have a large range of movement. This study reports a combination of periodontal therapy and orthodontic therapy with periodontal corticotomy regenerative surgery (PCRS) in a 25-year-old patient suffering from skeletal Class II malocclusion and periodontitis. The patient received periodontal therapy 5 years ago and commenced orthodontic treatment 4.5 years ago. During the 4 years of follow-up for PCRS, the clinical and radiographic evaluations revealed significant improvements in the periodontal phenotype of the mandibular anterior region. The periodontal phenotypes in the mandibular incisors region were all modified from thin to thick. Supplementing orthodontic treatment with labial PCRS could be a promising treatment strategy to maintain long-term periodontal health in adult patients with alveolar deficiency and thin gingiva tissue.
Topics: Humans; Adult; Malocclusion, Angle Class II; Periodontitis; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Mandible; Female
PubMed: 38929521
DOI: 10.3390/medicina60060904 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) May 2024: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease often linked with systemic conditions such as periodontal diseases (PDs). This systematic review aims to... (Review)
Review
: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease often linked with systemic conditions such as periodontal diseases (PDs). This systematic review aims to explore the association between inflammatory markers in saliva and PDs in MS patients, assessing the use of saliva as a non-invasive tool to monitor disease progression. : 82 publications were examined after a thorough search of scholarly databases to determine whether inflammatory markers were present in MS patients and whether they were associated with periodontal disease (PD). Quality and bias were assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, resulting in eight articles that were thoroughly analyzed. : The results point to a strong correlation between MS and periodontal disorders, which may point to the same pathophysiological mechanism. It does, however, underscore the necessity of additional study to determine a definitive causal association. : The findings indicate a strong association between MS and PDs, likely mediated by systemic inflammatory responses detectable in saliva. The review highlights the importance of oral health in managing MS and supports the utility of saliva as a practical, non-invasive medium for monitoring systemic inflammation. Further research is necessary to confirm the causal relationships and to consider integrating salivary diagnostics into routine clinical management for MS patients.
Topics: Humans; Saliva; Multiple Sclerosis; Periodontal Diseases; Biomarkers; Inflammation
PubMed: 38929476
DOI: 10.3390/medicina60060859 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) May 2024Peri-implant soft tissue deficiency (PSTD) is a significant factor impacting aesthetics, particularly in the anterior zone, where labial bone resorption and thin...
Peri-implant soft tissue deficiency (PSTD) is a significant factor impacting aesthetics, particularly in the anterior zone, where labial bone resorption and thin peri-implant phenotypes are common. The occurrence of a gray color around the implant fixture due to PSTD can be aesthetically concerning in the esthetic zone. In cases involving natural teeth, autogenous soft tissue grafts such as subepithelial connective tissue grafts (SCTGs), free gingival grafts (FGGs), and coronally advanced flaps (CAFs) are commonly utilized. However, there are limited reports of using bone grafts in conjunction with these techniques for modifying the gingival phenotype around both teeth and implants. In the presented cases where PSTD resulted in visible gray coloration of the implant fixture in the esthetic zone, mechanical and chemical decontamination of the exposed implant surface was performed using a titanium brush and tetracycline (Tc) HCl. Subsequently, to enhance peri-implant mucosa thickness and mask the titanium color, simultaneous SCTG and bone grafting procedures were conducted. Within the limitations of these case reports, successful esthetic outcomes were achieved and maintained without recurrence for 3-6 years following the simultaneous subepithelial connective tissue graft and bone graft procedures. These findings suggest the potential efficacy of this combined approach in addressing PSTD and enhancing aesthetic results around dental implants, though further studies are needed to validate these outcomes.
Topics: Humans; Connective Tissue; Bone Transplantation; Female; Phenotype; Gingiva; Esthetics, Dental; Adult; Middle Aged; Male; Dental Implants
PubMed: 38929458
DOI: 10.3390/medicina60060841 -
International Journal of Environmental... Jun 2024The hypothesis that physiological changes in women can affect periodontal tissues is the subject of this study, and inflammatory markers such as matrix...
The hypothesis that physiological changes in women can affect periodontal tissues is the subject of this study, and inflammatory markers such as matrix metalloproteinase-8 can measure susceptibility to inflammation. The study aimed to analyze MMP-8 levels in periodontal sites of postpartum women and women without a history of pregnancy, comparing health parameters and periodontal disease. This is a case-control study with 40 participants, 20 cases (women in the postpartum period) and 20 controls (women without any pregnancy), who underwent clinical periodontal examination and the collection of crevicular gingival fluid. The ELISA test was used to detect MMP-8 levels. Postpartum women had worse periodontal parameters, such as bleeding index on probing, number of sites with CAL ≥ 3, and fewer teeth present. In the group of women without a history of pregnancy, a significantly lower MMP-8 level was observed in healthy sites and a higher one was observed in periodontal pockets ( < 0.01). In contrast, in postpartum women, MMP-8 levels were elevated in both healthy sites and periodontal pockets ( > 0.01). The MMP-8 levels in gingival fluid appear to be related to periodontal clinical parameters and may be a possible marker of enzymatic changes involved in periodontal tissue destruction in postpartum women.
Topics: Humans; Female; Matrix Metalloproteinase 8; Adult; Case-Control Studies; Postpartum Period; Gingival Crevicular Fluid; Pregnancy; Periodontal Diseases; Biomarkers; Young Adult
PubMed: 38928985
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21060739 -
International Journal of Environmental... May 2024Predictive factors associated with a decline in swallowing function after 2 years were examined in 3409 Japanese older people aged ≥ 75 years who had undergone a...
Predictive factors associated with a decline in swallowing function after 2 years were examined in 3409 Japanese older people aged ≥ 75 years who had undergone a dental checkup in Gifu Prefecture, Japan. Participants with normal swallowing function in a baseline survey in April 2018 were followed for 2 years. Swallowing function was assessed using a repetitive saliva swallowing test. In our study, 429 participants (13%) who were swallowing less than three times in 30 s based on a repetitive saliva swallowing test after 2 years were diagnosed as those with decline in swallowing function. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed the decline in swallowing function after 2 years was associated with the male gender (odds ratio [ORs]: 0.772; 95% confidence interval [CIs]: 0.615-0.969), age ≥ 81 years (presence; ORs: 1.523; 95% CIs: 1.224-1.895), support/care-need certification (presence; ORs: 1.815; 95% CIs: 1.361-2.394), periodontal pocket depth (PPD) ≥ 4 mm (presence; ORs: 1.469; 95% CIs: 1.163-1.856), difficulty in biting hard food (yes; ORs: 1.439; 95% CIs: 1.145-1.808), choking on tea and water (yes; ORs: 2.543; 95% CIs: 2.025-3.193), and dry mouth (yes; ORs: 1.316; 95% CIs: 1.052-1.646) at baseline. Therefore, the dental checkup items associated with a decline in swallowing function after 2 years were a PPD ≥ 4 mm, difficulty in biting hard food, choking on tea and water, and dry mouth. PPD status and confirming to the self-administered questionnaire about biting, choking, and dry mouth may be useful in predicting future decline in swallowing function.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Male; Female; Japan; Aged, 80 and over; Deglutition; Deglutition Disorders; Risk Factors; East Asian People
PubMed: 38928921
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21060674 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024Periodontal disease is an inflammatory disease caused by infection with periodontopathogenic bacteria. Oral care is essential to prevent and control periodontal disease,...
Periodontal disease is an inflammatory disease caused by infection with periodontopathogenic bacteria. Oral care is essential to prevent and control periodontal disease, which affects oral and systemic health. However, many oral hygiene products currently on the market were developed as disinfectants, and their intense irritation makes their use difficult for young children and older people. This study investigated the antibacterial effects of prunin laurate (Pru-C12) and its analogs on periodontopathogenic bacteria, (). Pru-C12 and its analogs inhibited in vitro bacterial growth at more than 10 μM and biofilm formation at 50 µM. Among its analogs, only Pru-C12 showed no cytotoxicity at 100 µM. Three of the most potent inhibitors also inhibited the formation of biofilms. Furthermore, Pru-C12 inhibited alveolar bone resorption in a mouse experimental periodontitis model by infection. These findings may be helpful in the development of oral hygiene products for the prevention and control of periodontal disease and related disorders.
PubMed: 38928857
DOI: 10.3390/foods13121917 -
Brain Sciences May 2024Invasive dental procedures, such as wisdom teeth removal, have been identified as potential triggers for vascular events due to the entry of oral bacteria into the...
Invasive dental procedures, such as wisdom teeth removal, have been identified as potential triggers for vascular events due to the entry of oral bacteria into the bloodstream, leading to acute vascular inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. This study presents the case of a 27-year-old healthy male who developed ischemic stroke resulting from bacteremia after undergoing wisdom teeth extraction. Initially, the patient experienced fever and malaise, which were followed by right-sided hemiplegia. Diagnostic imaging, including a CT scan, identified a subacute infarction in the posterior crus of the left internal capsule, and MRI findings indicated inflammatory changes in the masticatory muscles. Further investigations involving biopsies of the masticatory muscles, along with blood and cerebrospinal fluid samples, confirmed bacterial meningitis with associated vasculitis. Notably, oral bacteria linked to periodontitis, including , , , and , were found in the biopsies and microbiological analyses. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case showing that bacteremia following dental procedures can lead to such severe neurological outcomes. This case underscores the importance of recognizing bacteremia-induced vasculitis in patients presenting with neurological symptoms post-dental procedures, emphasizing the broader implications of oral infections in such pathologies.
PubMed: 38928550
DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14060550 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2024The aim of this study was to test the molecular expression profile (senescence-associated secretory phenotype; SASP) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) prior to surgery...
The aim of this study was to test the molecular expression profile (senescence-associated secretory phenotype; SASP) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) prior to surgery in relation to the distribution of clinical success of periodontal regeneration. Forty consecutive patients presenting sites with residual probing pocket depth (PPD) ≥ 6 mm and intrabony defects ≥ 3 mm were treated through a minimally invasive surgical technique. Pre-operatively, GCF was sampled for inflammatory biomarker analysis related to SASP [interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-12; matrix-metalloproteinases (MMP)-8 and -9]. Better or worse responders were classified depending on the achievement of a composite outcome measure at 1-year [COM; PPD ≤ 4 mm and clinical attachment gain (CAL) gain ≥ 3 mm]. Correlation analyses and logistic regression models were performed. Periodontal regeneration led to significant improvements in mean clinical and radiographic parameters. Teeth achieving COM presented significantly lower amounts of SASP factors compared with non-successful teeth. Higher CAL gain, PPD reduction, and radiographic bone fill were negatively correlated with IL-1β and MMP-8 and -9 ( < 0.001), while IL-12 showed a direct relationship with CAL gain ( = 0.005) and PPD reduction ( = 0.038). Sites expressing higher SASP expression in the GCF before periodontal regeneration achieved worse clinical and radiographic outcomes.
Topics: Humans; Gingival Crevicular Fluid; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Biomarkers; Adult; Regeneration; Matrix Metalloproteinase 8; Phenotype; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; Inflammation; Treatment Outcome; Interleukin-1beta; Aged
PubMed: 38928390
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126687 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2024In this exploratory study, we searched for associations between the two most common diseases of the oral cavity-dental caries and periodontal diseases-taking into...
A Study of the Association between Primary Oral Pathologies (Dental Caries and Periodontal Diseases) Using Synchrotron Molecular FTIR Spectroscopy in View of the Patient's Personalized Clinical Picture (Demographics and Anamnesis).
In this exploratory study, we searched for associations between the two most common diseases of the oral cavity-dental caries and periodontal diseases-taking into account additional factors, such as personalized clinical pictures (the individual risk factors of the patient), based on the method of a multivariate data analysis of the molecular changes in the composition of human gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). For this purpose, a set of synchrotron Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra of gingival crevicular fluid samples from patients with different demographics, levels of dental caries development and periodontal diseases, and the presence/absence of concomitant chronic diseases were obtained and analyzed. Using a set of techniques (v-, F-, Chi-square tests; a principal component analysis (PCA); and the hierarchical clustering of principal components (HCPCs)) implemented in the R package FactoMineR allowed us to assess the relationship between the principal components (PCs) and characteristics of the respondents. By identifying the features (vibrational modes in the FTIR spectra) that contribute most to the differentiation of the spectral dataset, and by taking into account the interrelationships between the patients' characteristics, we were able to match specific biological markers (specific molecular groups) to the two factors of interest-two types of oral pathologies. The results obtained show that the observed changes in the quantitative and qualitative composition of the modes in the infrared (IR) spectra of the GCF samples from patients with different dental caries developments and periodontal diseases present confirm the difficulty of identifying patient-specific spectral information. At the same time, different periodontal pathologies are more closely associated with other characteristics of the patients than the level of their caries development. The multivariate analysis performed on the spectral dataset indicates the need to take into account not only the co-occurrence of oral diseases, but also some other factors. The lack of this consideration (typical in lots of studies in this area) may lead to misinterpretations and consequently to a loss of data when searching for biological markers of certain oral diseases.
Topics: Humans; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Dental Caries; Periodontal Diseases; Female; Male; Adult; Principal Component Analysis; Middle Aged; Gingival Crevicular Fluid; Synchrotrons; Aged; Biomarkers; Risk Factors
PubMed: 38928102
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126395 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2024The gold standard in the non-surgical treatment of periodontitis is scaling and root planing (SRP). In recent years, the use of autogenous platelet concentrates has... (Review)
Review
The gold standard in the non-surgical treatment of periodontitis is scaling and root planing (SRP). In recent years, the use of autogenous platelet concentrates has spread over many specialties in dentistry and, thus, has also been gaining popularity in periodontal treatment. Its two main fractions are platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), which, since 2014, can also be used via injection as injectable platelet-rich fibrin (i-PRF). The authors conducted a comprehensive systematic review in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. It involved searching PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases using the phrases ("Root Planing" OR "Subgingival Curettage" OR "Periodontal Debridement") AND ("Platelet-Rich Plasma"). Based on the authors' inclusion and exclusion criteria, 12 results were included in the review, out of 1170 total results. The objective of this review was to ascertain the impact of utilizing PRP and i-PRF in SRP. The results revealed that both the incorporation of PRP and i-PRF were found to be significantly associated with are duction in gingival pocket depth and again in clinical attachment level; however, i-PRF demonstrated superiority in improving clinical parameters. Furthermore, i-PRF demonstrated notable bactericidal efficacy against . On the other hand, PRP proved inferior to an Nd:YAG laser in clinical parameter improvement; however, it demonstrated significant efficiency as well. This literature review led the authors to the conclusion that autologous platelet concentrates might be competent agents for improving the therapeutic outcomes of SRP.
Topics: Humans; Platelet-Rich Plasma; Platelet-Rich Fibrin; Periodontitis; Root Planing; Injections
PubMed: 38928026
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126319