-
Research in Developmental Disabilities Jul 2024A disability service organization piloted a parent capacity-building intervention for parents of children with developmental disabilities in rural South India.
BACKGROUND
A disability service organization piloted a parent capacity-building intervention for parents of children with developmental disabilities in rural South India.
AIMS
To examine the impact of this parent capacity-building group intervention on parent empowerment, peer support, social inclusion, advocacy skills, and the factors influencing these outcomes.
METHODS AND PROCEDURES
A qualitative study recruited 37 participants from 17 parent groups through convenience sampling. Six focus groups occurred six months post the start of this intervention and explored these parents' experiences with the groups and their perceived impacts.
OUTCOMES AND RESULTS
Qualitative analysis yielded four main themes and corresponding sub-themes: peer support (feeling peaceful and supported, building self-efficacy), social inclusion (space to share, acceptance and identity), knowledge sharing (increasing awareness, accepting advice), and advocacy (building confidence, making requests). Participation in parent groups provided participants with opportunities to find peer support, utilize knowledge sharing, feel socially included, and build advocacy skills.
CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS
This study provides a greater understanding of the impact and benefits of parent capacity-building interventions in low-resource settings. Results will improve this intervention and guide other organizations in creating similar programs.
WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS
This paper adds perspectives of parents who are caregivers of children with developmental disabilities in rural South India. More specifically, this paper highlights the impact of a parent-focused intervention in group settings in both rural and urban areas. Parent support group interventions are not common in India and low- and middle-income countries and there is a paucity of literature describing these interventions and their impact. In this study, parents described a need for multifaceted interventions to support their child in the community. These parent groups provided space for caregivers of children with developmental disabilities to make connections, feel validated, and grow confidence to utilize new knowledge or advice shared by other parents to further enhance their lives. Further, parent-group settings provide opportunities to build advocacy skills through timely discussions. Parents reported an increase in feelings of acceptance within the group itself but not within the wider community. This highlights the need for involving the wider community in interventions to promote integration for families with children with disabilities.
Topics: Humans; India; Rural Population; Parents; Male; Female; Capacity Building; Child; Social Support; Qualitative Research; Developmental Disabilities; Adult; Peer Group; Focus Groups; Disabled Children; Empowerment; Self Efficacy; Caregivers
PubMed: 38821012
DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2024.104766 -
PloS One 2024This study aims to observe the associated risk factors of lower back pain and the factors that increase the pain severity. So, the main objective of this research is to...
Assessing pain severity and treatment outcomes in patients with low back pain: A Structural equation modeling approach at the center for the rehabilitation of the Paralysed, Bangladesh.
OBJECTIVES
This study aims to observe the associated risk factors of lower back pain and the factors that increase the pain severity. So, the main objective of this research is to identify the factors which may cause the lower back pain and the causal effect on the pain severity and respective treatment. This study also tries to determine the demographical characteristics of the low back pain patients and determine the inter relationship of psychological health, work stress and treatment effect with the pain disability index.
STUDY DESIGN
In this cross-sectional study, 200 patients with lower back pain were interviewed who were taking treatments from the physiotherapy department at the Center for the Rehabilitation of the Paralysed, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
METHODS
A quantitative research model has been performed to observe the relationship between different causes of low back pain effects on the patients. Different statistical analysis including structural equation modeling have been performed to observe their pain severity and treatment effect.
RESULTS
The study found 64% (128) of the total participants as male and 36% (72) as female among 200 patients of low back pain. The study also observed the highest portion of the patients belong to the age group 39 to 45 years (21.5%). On the basis of BMI, obese weight respondents were 26.5% (53), overweight respondents were 37% (74), normal weight respondents were 33% (66), and underweight respondents were only 3.5% (7). Here, sex, body mass index (BMI), living place and educational status have significant association with pain disability index (PDI). On the other hand, smoking tendency of patients has insignificant relationship (p>0.05) with pain disability index (PDI). The path coefficients of the structural equation model identified that all the null hypotheses of no significant relationship have been rejected for 5% level of significance. The hypothesis of psychological health is positively related to pain severity of a patient has an acceptable strength (β = 0.745, p<0.001) and a positive direction. Another hypothesis (Psychological health is positively related to the treatment of a patient) shows an acceptable strength (β = 0.401, p <0.001) and a positive direction. Work stress is also found to be positively related to pain severity of a patient with an acceptable strength (β = 0.544, p < 0.001) and a positive direction. The hypothesis (Work stress is positively related to the treatment of a patient) has an acceptable strength (β = 0.322, p< 0.05) and a positive direction. The hypothesis (pain severity is positively related to the treatment of patients) shows an acceptable strength (β = 0.801, p < 0.001) and a positive direction.
CONCLUSION
The research found out the psychological health situation and work stress of patients are significantly related with pain severity with acceptable strength. Also, Pain severity is significantly associated with treatment scheme intensity.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Adult; Low Back Pain; Bangladesh; Middle Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Latent Class Analysis; Treatment Outcome; Pain Measurement; Severity of Illness Index; Young Adult; Disabled Persons; Risk Factors
PubMed: 38820450
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303939 -
Journal of Online Learning Research Apr 2024The COVID-19 pandemic impacted school-based delivery of special educational supports and therapeutic services. This study describes student receipt of school-based...
The COVID-19 pandemic impacted school-based delivery of special educational supports and therapeutic services. This study describes student receipt of school-based supports/services and parent satisfaction by instruction modalities during the 2020-2021 academic year in the United States. Data were collected through the COVID Experiences Survey from parents of children ages 5-12 years, administered using NORC's AmeriSpeak panel. Most parents reported satisfaction with supports (88.4%) and services (93.2%). Dissatisfaction with special education supports and therapeutic services was more common among parents whose children received supports/services virtually than in person (special educational supports: =12.00, 95% CI [1.49-96.89], =0.020; therapeutic services: =15.76, 95% CI [1.01-245.40], =0.049). These findings suggest opportunities to improve design and delivery of online special education supports and therapeutic services as well as emergency preparedness by considering the needs of students with disabilities and their families.
PubMed: 38817908
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Public Health Policy Jun 2024Understanding the relationship between disability and physical activity and whether it differs across local government jurisdictions may aid in the development of...
Understanding the relationship between disability and physical activity and whether it differs across local government jurisdictions may aid in the development of placed-based approaches to reducing disability-related inequalities in physical activity. The objectives of this study were to examine the association between disability and physical activity and assess whether this association varied between Australian Local Government Areas. The sample included 13,315 participants aged 18-64 years from the Household Income and Labour Dynamics Australia Survey, 2017. Participants self-reported disability and physical activity. Linear mixed-effects models estimated the association between disability and physical activity. People with disability reported less physical activity per week. We did not find evidence that this association varied across LGAs. Our findings do not add evidence towards local government-based approaches in Australia to reducing physical activity inequalities between people with and without a disability.
Topics: Humans; Adult; Disabled Persons; Australia; Middle Aged; Male; Female; Exercise; Local Government; Adolescent; Young Adult; Surveys and Questionnaires; Socioeconomic Factors
PubMed: 38816483
DOI: 10.1057/s41271-024-00487-0 -
BMJ Open May 2024Around the world, the disability rights movements and the social model of disability have placed emphasis on the importance of social participation for people with... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Around the world, the disability rights movements and the social model of disability have placed emphasis on the importance of social participation for people with disability. People with physical disability who have high and complex support needs often need support to access their communities, however, very little is known about the interaction between support and social participation for this population of people. Therefore, the aim of this scoping review is to explore the literature related to the interaction between support and social participation for adults with disability and understand any existing gaps in the literature where further research may be required in order to maximise quality support and social participation.
METHODS AND ANALYSIS
This scoping review will be conducted and reported according to scoping review guidelines outlined by Arksey and O'Malley and later modified by Levac , as well as the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis: Extension for Scoping Reviews. Thorough database searches will be conducted across MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL and Scopus. The search will be limited to papers published in English from 2013 onwards. Citations will be uploaded into Covidence and screened by two independent reviewers. Data extraction will extract data regarding participants, housing, support and study characteristics, as well as qualitative and quantitative data relevant to the research question. A narrative synthesis will be used to summarise findings. A minimum of three consultants with lived experience of disability will be engaged to review and contribute to the final scoping review paper.
ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION
It is anticipated that the findings of this scoping review will be made available in peer-reviewed publications and also in plain language formats to ensure accessibility to a wide range of audiences. Ethics will not be required for this scoping review.
Topics: Humans; Disabled Persons; Social Participation; Social Support; Research Design; Review Literature as Topic
PubMed: 38816056
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-083102 -
Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences 2024The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) is a person-centered assessment tool frequently used to identify occupational problems in older individuals and...
BACKGROUND/AIM
The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) is a person-centered assessment tool frequently used to identify occupational problems in older individuals and establish goals for geriatric rehabilitation. This study aims to assess the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of COPM (COPM-TR) in older people.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
One hundred older people completed the COPM-TR, and 25 of them participated in a retest within two weeks. The convergent construct validity analyses of the COPM-TR included conducting correlation analyses between the COPM-TR and the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) and Lawton Brody Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (Lawton-IADL) scales. The Performance and Satisfaction subscales were subjected to an item analysis for the internal consistency of the COPM-TR. A test-retest analysis was conducted to investigate the reliability.
RESULTS
According to convergent construct validity analysis, it was found that there is a moderate correlation between COPM-TR performance and FIM (r = 0.51), and a strong correlation between Lawton IADL (r = 0.62). Similarly, there was a strong correlation between COPM-TR satisfaction and FIM (r = 0.61) and Lawton IADL (r = 0.61). Test-retest reliability was excellent for performance score and good for satisfaction score (ICC values 0.92; 0.78, respectively). COPM-TR showed excellent-high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha 0.92 for performance and 0.88 for satisfaction).
CONCLUSION
COPM-TR is a valid and reliable tool that can be used to assess occupational performance in older people.
Topics: Humans; Psychometrics; Male; Aged; Female; Reproducibility of Results; Activities of Daily Living; Geriatric Assessment; Turkey; Aged, 80 and over; Canada; Disability Evaluation
PubMed: 38812638
DOI: 10.55730/1300-0144.5796 -
BMC Health Services Research May 2024Person-centred planning refers to a model of care in which programs and services are developed in collaboration with persons receiving care (i.e., persons-supported) and...
BACKGROUND
Person-centred planning refers to a model of care in which programs and services are developed in collaboration with persons receiving care (i.e., persons-supported) and tailored to their unique needs and goals. In recent decades, governments around the world have enacted policies requiring community-care agencies to adopt an individualized or person-centred approach to service delivery. Although regional mandates provide a framework for directing care, it is unclear how this guidance is implemented in practice given the diversity and range of organizations within the sector. This study aims to address a gap in the literature by describing how person-centred care plans are implemented in community-care organizations.
METHODS
We conducted semi-structured interviews with administrators from community-care organizations in Ontario, Canada. We asked participants about their organization's approach to developing and updating person-centred care plans, including relevant supports and barriers. We analyzed the data thematically using a pragmatic, qualitative, descriptive approach.
RESULTS
We interviewed administrators from 12 community-care organizations. We identified three overarching categories or processes related to organizational characteristics and person-centred planning: (1) organizational context, (2) organizational culture, and (3) the design and delivery of person-centred care plans. The context of care and the types of services offered by the organization were directly informed by the needs and characteristics of the population served. The culture of the organization (e.g., their values, attitudes and beliefs surrounding persons-supported) was a key influence in the development and implementation of person-centred care plans. Participants described the person-centred planning process as being iterative and collaborative, involving initial and continued consultations with persons-supported and their close family and friends, while also citing implementation challenges in cases where persons had difficulty communicating, and in cases where they preferred not to have a formal plan in place.
CONCLUSIONS
The person-centred planning process is largely informed by organizational context and culture. There are ongoing challenges in the implementation of person-centred care plans, highlighting a gap between policy and practice and suggesting a need for comprehensive guidance and enhanced adaptability in current regulations. Policymakers, administrators, and service providers can leverage these insights to refine policies, advocating for inclusive, flexible approaches that better align with diverse community needs.
Topics: Ontario; Patient-Centered Care; Humans; Qualitative Research; Interviews as Topic; Community Health Services; Organizational Culture; Patient Care Planning; Female
PubMed: 38811995
DOI: 10.1186/s12913-024-11089-7 -
BMC Public Health May 2024Pneumoconiosis, a chronic disease stemming from prolonged inhalation of dust particles, stands as a significant global burden of occupational diseases. This study aims...
BACKGROUND
Pneumoconiosis, a chronic disease stemming from prolonged inhalation of dust particles, stands as a significant global burden of occupational diseases. This study aims to investigate the survival outcomes of pneumoconiosis patients in Huangshi city, China, while also evaluating the disease burden on afflicted patients.
METHODS
Data for this study were sourced from the Huangshi Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Survival analyses of pneumoconiosis patients were conducted employing life tables and the Kaplan-Meier method. The Cox proportional hazards models were deployed to identify factors influencing pneumoconiosis patients' survival duration. Competing risks models were employed to confirm the validity of the model outcomes. Additionally, in the disease burden assessment, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were computed for various demographic groups and time frames.
RESULTS
A total of 5,641 pneumoconiosis cases, diagnosed in Huangshi City, Hubei Province between 1958 and 2021, were incorporated into the cohort analysis. The probability of mortality and the risk ratio increased with advancing age. Notably, the median survival time of stage III pneumoconiosis patients was significantly shorter compared with those in stages I and II. The Cox proportional hazards model and competing risks analyses underscored several significant factors influencing survival time, including dust exposure duration (HR = 1.197, 95% CI: 1.104-1.298), age at first diagnosis (HR = 3.149, 95% CI: 2.961-3.349), presence of silicosis (HR = 1.378, 95% CI: 1.254-1.515), and stage II-III pneumoconiosis (HR = 1.456, 95% CI: 1.148-1.848). Cumulatively, DALYs amounted to 7,974.35 person-years, with an average of 1.41 person-years. The period between 2000 and 2019 witnessed the highest disease burden.
CONCLUSION
Our findings highlight the urgent need for improved prevention, earlier detection, and more effective management strategies for the occupational pneumoconiosis population. This study not only underscores the persistent issue of pneumoconiosis in industrial environments but also serves as a crucial call to action for policymakers and healthcare providers.
Topics: Humans; China; Male; Middle Aged; Pneumoconiosis; Retrospective Studies; Female; Aged; Occupational Diseases; Adult; Cost of Illness; Survival Analysis; Disability-Adjusted Life Years; Proportional Hazards Models; Occupational Exposure
PubMed: 38811934
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18847-6 -
Revista Peruana de Medicina... May 2024Motivation for the study. Filling a knowledge gap regarding support groups for caregivers of children with multiple disabilities. Main findings. Support groups are...
OBJECTIVE
Motivation for the study. Filling a knowledge gap regarding support groups for caregivers of children with multiple disabilities. Main findings. Support groups are valuable spaces for social support and learning for caregivers of children with multiple disabilities. They facilitate resilience and coping strategies following the birth of a child with multiple disabilities. They promote the participation and empowerment of caregivers of children with multiple disabilities to address access barriers and advocate for the fundamental rights of children. Implications. It is important to promote and support support groups for caregivers of children with multiple disabilities. To explore the perceived benefits of participating in a support group of caregivers of children with multiple disabilities.
MATERIALS AND METHODS.
A qualitative study with a focused ethnographic approach was conducted from October 2022 to February 2023, in which we applied convenience sampling. We included 20 caregivers of children with multiple disabilities. Information was collected through participant observation, focus groups, and semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis was performed by applying Braun and Clark's proposals.
RESULTS.
The emerging themes were: social support network: integrating, informing, and helping each other; learning space: learning to take care and to take care of oneself; promoting empowerment: identifying and facing access barriers.
CONCLUSIONS.
We found that the support group functions as a social support network provides information, reduces uncertainty, and facilitates coping and resilience after the birth and upbringing of a child with multiple disabilities. It is a space where one learns to care for and take care of oneself and where empowerment for the defense of the rights of children with disabilities is promoted.
Topics: Humans; Qualitative Research; Self-Help Groups; Caregivers; Male; Female; Child; Adult; Disabled Children; Social Support; Middle Aged; Young Adult; Adaptation, Psychological; Focus Groups; Child, Preschool; Adolescent
PubMed: 38808845
DOI: 10.17843/rpmesp.2024.411.13218 -
Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal =... May 2024Although hepatitis B is vaccine-preventable, it remains a significant health problem. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first hepatitis B outbreak report from...
BACKGROUND
Although hepatitis B is vaccine-preventable, it remains a significant health problem. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first hepatitis B outbreak report from Türkiye.
AIMS
To investigate the cause of hepatitis B outbreak in a nursing home for the disabled and make recommendations for prevention.
METHODS
An outbreak of acute hepatitis B was declared in a nursing home for the disabled following the admission of 3 patients from the home in a hospital. Collaborative response was initiated with the Provincial Health Directorate through the Public Health Infectious Diseases Department. We began tracking the infection and monitoring active cases. Audits and controls were carried out to determine the source, establish protection and control measures, and prevent further transmission.
RESULTS
Six of the 65 nursing home residents were diagnosed with acute hepatitis B. Four of them had diabetes and their blood glucose levels were monitored for at least 12 months. Two of the patients had received dental treatment in the last 6 months. The frequency of both variables, which may be an indication of the transmission route, was statistically significantly greater in the acute hepatitis B group. All the patients who could be sequenced were identified as genotype D. While 3 patients recovered fully, 2 were diagnosed with chronic hepatitis B and one died due to fulminant hepatitis.
CONCLUSION
Standard routine immunization should be implemented as a preventive measure for acute hepatitis B. Frequent supervision and training on hygiene practices and safety precautions should be conducted for care staff working in collective residential facilities.
Topics: Humans; Disease Outbreaks; Nursing Homes; Male; Female; Hepatitis B; Aged; Middle Aged; Disabled Persons; Adult; Acute Disease; Aged, 80 and over
PubMed: 38808405
DOI: 10.26719/2024.30.4.292