-
Microorganisms May 2024The genus is renowned for its role in biocontrol and biotechnological applications. The identification of new species within this genus is crucial for broadening our...
The genus is renowned for its role in biocontrol and biotechnological applications. The identification of new species within this genus is crucial for broadening our understanding of its ecological roles and potential utility in sustainable agriculture. This study aimed to characterize a new species of , isolated from soil in eastern China, and to evaluate its bioactivity against (corn moth) and (greater wax moth). We utilized morphological characterization; molecular phylogenetic analysis employing ITS, , and genes; and bioactivity assays to identify and characterize the new species. The newly identified species, sp. nov., displays unique morphological and genetic profiles compared to known species. Bioactivity tests showed that this species exhibits inhibitory effects against and , highlighting its potential in biocontrol applications. By the ninth day at a spore concentration of 1 × 10 spores/mL, the mortality rate of the corn moth and greater wax moth reached 30% to 50% respectively. The discovery of sp. nov. adds to the genetic diversity known within this genus and offers a promising candidate for the development of natural biocontrol agents. It underscores the importance of continued biodiversity exploration and the potential for natural solutions in pest and disease management.
PubMed: 38930423
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061041 -
Life (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024The oriental fruit fly, (Hendel), poses a significant threat to the global fruit industry, causing damage to diverse fruits like citrus, mango, and guava. Chemical...
The oriental fruit fly, (Hendel), poses a significant threat to the global fruit industry, causing damage to diverse fruits like citrus, mango, and guava. Chemical pesticides have limited effectiveness, and pesticide residues and pesticide resistance are pressing issues. Therefore, it is essential to develop environmentally friendly pest control methods to address this problem. Behavior-modifying chemicals, including male attractants and intersex protein baits, play a critical role in the control of . The mature host fruit serves as both an oviposition site and food source under natural conditions, making it a potential attraction source for oriental fruit flies. Orange, , is a main host of , and commercial orange juice is a common attractant for the egg laying of . Although it can both attract and elicit oviposition behaviors in adults, its active components are still unclear. This study utilized analytical chemistry, behavioral tests, and electrophysiology to identify the active components of commercial orange juice that attract , with the aim of providing a reference for the development of behavior-modifying chemical-based techniques to control Five compounds with a high abundance were identified via a GC-MS, including D-Limonene, butanoic acid ethyl ester, β-myrcene, linalool, and α-terpineol. Behavioral and electrophysiological experiments uncovered that D-Limonene was the active substance that was the main attractant in the mixture of these five substances, evoking a strong electrophysiological response in adult . D-Limonene strongly attracts adult only when they are sexually mature, and the attraction is not rhythmic. Olfaction plays a leading role in the attraction of D-Limonene to adult , and mediates the perception of D-Limonene by . Overall, D-Limonene is one of the key attractant compounds for in the volatile compounds of commercial orange juice, offering possible support for the development of behavior-modifying chemical-based technology to control in the future.
PubMed: 38929696
DOI: 10.3390/life14060713 -
Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024Azamethiphos is used in the salmon industry to treat sea lice and is subsequently discharged into the sea, which may affect non-target species (NTS). A rise in seawater...
Azamethiphos is used in the salmon industry to treat sea lice and is subsequently discharged into the sea, which may affect non-target species (NTS). A rise in seawater temperature could enhance the sensitivity of NTS. Thus, in the present investigation, the combined effects of azamethiphos (0 µg L, 15 µg L and 100 µg L) and temperature (12 °C and 15 °C) was assessed over time (7 days) in the gonads and gills of the oyster , assessing its oxidative damage (lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyls) and total antioxidant capacity. Our results indicated that in gonads and gills, lipid peroxidation levels increased over time during exposure to both pesticide concentrations. Protein carbonyl levels in gills increased significantly in all experimental treatments; however, in gonads, only pesticide concentration and exposure time effected a significant increase in protein damage. In both, gill and gonad temperature did not influence oxidative damage levels. Total antioxidant capacity in gonads was influenced only by temperature treatment, whereas in the gills, neither temperature nor azamethiphos concentration influenced defensive responses. In conclusion, our results indicated the time of pesticide exposure (both concentrations) had a greater influence than temperature on the cellular damage in this oyster.
PubMed: 38929176
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060737 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024In the original publication [...].
Correction: Dassanayake et al. Synergistic Field Crop Pest Management Properties of Plant-Derived Essential Oils in Combination with Synthetic Pesticides and Bioactive Molecules: A Review. 2021, , 2016.
In the original publication [...].
PubMed: 38928897
DOI: 10.3390/foods13121874 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2024The necrotrophic plant pathogenic fungus (Pers., 1794), the causative agent of gray mold disease, causes significant losses in agricultural production. Control of this... (Review)
Review
The necrotrophic plant pathogenic fungus (Pers., 1794), the causative agent of gray mold disease, causes significant losses in agricultural production. Control of this fungal pathogen is quite difficult due to its wide host range and environmental persistence. Currently, the management of the disease is still mainly based on chemicals, which can have harmful effects not only on the environment and on human health but also because they favor the development of strains resistant to fungicides. The flexibility and plasticity of in challenging plant defense mechanisms and its ability to evolve strategies to escape chemicals require the development of new control strategies for successful disease management. In this review, some aspects of the host-pathogen interactions from which novel and sustainable control strategies could be developed (e.g., signaling pathways, molecules involved in plant immune mechanisms, hormones, post-transcriptional gene silencing) were analyzed. New biotechnological tools based on the use of RNA interference (RNAi) are emerging in the crop protection scenario as versatile, sustainable, effective, and environmentally friendly alternatives to the use of chemicals. RNAi-based fungicides are expected to be approved soon, although they will face several challenges before reaching the market.
Topics: Botrytis; RNA Interference; Plant Diseases; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Fungicides, Industrial
PubMed: 38928507
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126798 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2024"Core/shell" composites are based on a ferrite core coated by two layers with different properties, one of them is an isolator, SiO, and the other is a semiconductor,...
"Core/shell" composites are based on a ferrite core coated by two layers with different properties, one of them is an isolator, SiO, and the other is a semiconductor, TiO. These composites are attracting interest because of their structure, photocatalytic activity, and magnetic properties. Nanocomposites of the "core/shell" МFeO/SiO/TiO (М = Zn(II), Co(II)) type are synthesized with a core of MFeO produced by two different methods, namely the sol-gel method (SG) using propylene oxide as a gelling agent and the hydrothermal method (HT). SiO and TiO layer coating is performed by means of tetraethylorthosilicate, TEOS, Ti(IV) tetrabutoxide, and Ti(OBu), respectively. A combination of different experimental techniques is required to prove the structure and phase composition, such as XRD, UV-Vis, TEM with EDS, photoluminescence, and XPS. By Rietveld analysis of the XRD data unit cell parameters, the crystallite size and weight fraction of the polymorphs anatase and rutile of the shell TiO and of the ferrite core are determined. The magnetic properties of the samples, and their activity for the photodegradation of the synthetic industrial dyes Malachite Green and Rhodamine B are measured in model water solutions under UV light irradiation and simulated solar irradiation. The influence of the water matrix on the photocatalytic activity is determined using artificial seawater in addition to ultrapure water. The rate constants of the photocatalytic process are obtained along with the reaction mechanism, established using radical scavengers where the role of the radicals is elucidated.
Topics: Nanocomposites; Rosaniline Dyes; Catalysis; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Rhodamines; Titanium; Photolysis; Silicon Dioxide; Ferric Compounds; Photochemical Processes; X-Ray Diffraction
PubMed: 38928461
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126755 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2024Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases () play a variety of physiological roles, including pesticide resistance, plant allelochemical detoxification, and hormone metabolism... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases () play a variety of physiological roles, including pesticide resistance, plant allelochemical detoxification, and hormone metabolism catalysis. However, limited information is available on the classification and expression profiles of the gene family in aphid species. This is the first study to identify the cytochrome P450 gene family in 19 aphid species at the whole genome level. A total of 1100 genes were identified in 19 aphid species. Three hundred genes belonged to six cereal crop aphid species, which were further classified into four subfamilies according to the phylogenetic relationship. The conserved motifs, exon-intron structures, and genomic organization of the same subfamilies were similar. Predictions of subcellular localization revealed that the endoplasmic reticulum harbored the majority of CYP450 proteins. In and , the increase in the gene was primarily caused by segmental duplication events. However, only tandem duplication occurred in the gene family of , , and . Synteny analysis found three continuous colinear gene pairs among six cereal crop aphid species. Furthermore, we obtained the expression profiles of four cereal crop aphids, including , , and . Differential expression analysis provided growth stage specificity genes, tissue specificity genes, organ specificity genes and some detoxification metabolic genes among these four cereal crop aphids. Meanwhile, their expression patterns were showed. The related functions and pathways of were revealed by GO and KEGG enrichment analysis. Above all, we picked the differentially expressed genes from all of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). These differentially expressed genes provided some new potential candidates for aphid control and management. This work establishes the foundation for further investigations into the regulatory functions of the gene family in aphid species and beyond.
Topics: Aphids; Animals; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Phylogeny; Multigene Family; Edible Grain; Genome, Insect; Gene Expression Profiling; Synteny; Insect Proteins
PubMed: 38928374
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126668 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2024Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is a widely used organophosphate insecticide, though its excessive use causes environmental contamination, raising concerns about its adverse effects...
Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is a widely used organophosphate insecticide, though its excessive use causes environmental contamination, raising concerns about its adverse effects on human health. In this regard, stands out as a promising candidate for counteracting chemical 'contaminant' toxicity thanks to its therapeutic properties. Therefore, our study aimed to investigate the potential of an ethanolic extract (UDE) to mitigate chlorpyrifos-induced toxicity. Eight compounds in the ethanolic extract have been identified, most of which present significant potential as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective agents. Chlorpyrifos exposure altered hatching rates, increased the incidence of teratogenic effects, and upregulated the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf) in zebrafish larvae telencephalon. On the other hand, demonstrated a preventive effect against CPF-induced teratogenicity, which is expressed by a lower morphological deformity rate. Moreover, the UDE showed a rather protective effect, maintaining the physiological condition of the telencephalon. Additionally, CPF altered the locomotor behavior of larvae, which was characterized by irregular swimming and increased activity. This defective behavioral pattern was slightly attenuated by the UDE. Our findings suggest that the UDE possesses significant protective properties against CPF-induced toxicity, probably conferred by its natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory contents. Still, further research is needed to elucidate the recruited mechanisms and implicated pathways on UDE's protective effects.
Topics: Animals; Zebrafish; Chlorpyrifos; Plant Extracts; Larva; Urtica dioica; Antioxidants; Insecticides; Telencephalon
PubMed: 38928336
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126631 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2024Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder currently affecting the ageing population. Although the aetiology of PD has yet to be...
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder currently affecting the ageing population. Although the aetiology of PD has yet to be fully elucidated, environmental factors such as exposure to the naturally occurring neurotoxin rotenone has been associated with an increased risk of developing PD. Rotenone inhibits mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) complex I activity as well as induces dopaminergic neuronal death. The aim of the present study was to investigate the underlying mechanisms of rotenone-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in an in vitro SH-SY5Y neuronal cell model of PD and to assess the ability of pre-treatment with Coenzyme Q (CoQ) to ameliorate oxidative stress in this model. Spectrophotometric determination of the mitochondrial enzyme activities and fluorescence probe studies of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was assessed. Significant inhibition of MRC complex I and II-III activities was observed, together with a significant loss of neuronal viability, CoQ status, and ATP synthesis. Additionally, significant increases were observed in intracellular and mitochondrial ROS production. Remarkably, CoQ supplementation was found to reduce ROS formation. These results have indicated mitochondrial dysfunction and increased oxidative stress in a rotenone-induced neuronal cell model of PD that was ameliorated by CoQ supplementation.
Topics: Ubiquinone; Rotenone; Mitochondria; Humans; Oxidative Stress; Reactive Oxygen Species; Neurons; Parkinson Disease; Cell Line, Tumor; Muscle Weakness; Cell Survival; Electron Transport Complex I; Ataxia; Mitochondrial Diseases
PubMed: 38928331
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126622 -
Exogenous Application of dsRNA in Plant Protection: Efficiency, Safety Concerns and Risk Assessment.International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2024The use of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) for plant protection shows great potential as a sustainable alternative to traditional pesticides. This review summarizes the... (Review)
Review
The use of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) for plant protection shows great potential as a sustainable alternative to traditional pesticides. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge on using exogenous dsRNA in plant protection and includes the latest findings on the safety and efficiency of this strategy. The review also emphasizes the need for a cautious and comprehensive approach, considering safety considerations such as off-target effects and formulation challenges. The regulatory landscape in different regions is also discussed, underscoring the need for specific guidelines tailored to dsRNA-based pesticides. The review provides a crucial resource for researchers, regulators, and industry stakeholders, promoting a balanced approach incorporating innovation with thorough safety assessments. The continuous dialog emphasized in this review is essential for shaping the future of dsRNA-based plant protection. As the field advances, collaboration among scientists, regulators, and industry partners will play a vital role in establishing guidelines and ensuring the responsible, effective, and sustainable use of dsRNA in agriculture.
Topics: RNA, Double-Stranded; Risk Assessment; Crops, Agricultural; Crop Protection; Pesticides; Plant Diseases; Agriculture
PubMed: 38928236
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126530