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Medical Archives (Sarajevo, Bosnia and... 2024Chordoma is a rare malignant neoplasm that predominantly arises from the axial skeleton, but can also develop in unusual locations. However, there are also rare cases of...
BACKGROUND
Chordoma is a rare malignant neoplasm that predominantly arises from the axial skeleton, but can also develop in unusual locations. However, there are also rare cases of "NOS" chordoma involving the oropharyx and epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma of the parotid gland in the same patient. According to contemporary research, chordoma is a rare malignant neoplasm that arises from the embryonic remnants of the notochord. and typically involves the clivus, sacrococcygeal bones or vertebrae. Studies have shown that the incidence of chordoma has been estimated to be one per one million people per year. Chordoma can occur at any age, but most commonly it is diagnosed in the 40-60 year old age group with the male predominance.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this article was to review the case of a 74-year-old female patient with epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma of the parotid gland and a case of "NOS" chordoma involving the oropharyx.
METHODS
Diagnostic methods were used to examine a female patient with two primary malignant tumors: CT neck scan, CT of paranasal sinuses, ultrasound examination, scintigraphy and operative finding.
CASE PRESENTZATION
Due to the anatomy complexity, complete resection of the tumor through a transoral-transpharyngeal approach was not possible. Intraoperative palpation of the mass revealed well defined submucosal lesion 20x43x46mm beginning at the level of the oro- and hypopharynx and extending superiorly to the nasopharynx, and posteriorly into the spinal canal and intervertebral foramen causing near complete occlusion of the oro and hypopharynx. The patient also underwent extracapsular dissection of the parotid tumor. Postoperative palliative radiotherapy was performed.
CONCLUSION
Surgical treatment remains the mainstay of treatment for EMC and radiation is imperative for patients who refuse surgery and for those with advanced or inoperable diseases.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Aged; Adult; Middle Aged; Chordoma; Oropharynx; Spine; Carcinoma
PubMed: 38481587
DOI: 10.5455/medarh.2024.78.68-70 -
Cureus Feb 2024Introduction Dysphagia is commonly seen in patients with head and neck cancers after undergoing chemoradiotherapy and is often under-reported and also not given clinical...
Feasibility of Achieving Dose Constraints for Dysphagia Aspiration-Related Structures and Its Clinical Significance in Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy Planning of Head and Neck Cancer.
Introduction Dysphagia is commonly seen in patients with head and neck cancers after undergoing chemoradiotherapy and is often under-reported and also not given clinical importance. The quality of life of the patients can be significantly improved if the required dose constraints to the dysphagia aspiration-related structures (DARS) are achieved. The present study was conducted in order to determine the feasibility of achieving the dose constraints to DARS between the standard intensity-modulated radiotherapy (st-IMRT) arm and the dysphagia-optimized IMRT (do-IMRT) arm. Material and methods Sixty patients with head and neck cancer were recruited and randomized into two groups: In one group called the st-IMRT, constraints were not given to DARS, and in the other group called the do-IMRT, constraints were given to DARS. Treatment was given in the form of chemoradiation with a dose of 70 Gy in 35 fractions by IMRT technique, over seven weeks, 2 Gy per fraction along with weekly concurrent Cisplatin (35 mg/m) in both the groups. Step and shoot IMRT setup was used for planning, and the system used for planning was Eclipse 13.6 (Varian Medical System, Inc., Palo Alto, CA, US); progressive resolution optimizer algorithm was used for optimization, and Anisotropic Analytical Algorithm algorithm was used for dose calculation. Truebeam was used for treatment delivery. DARS dosimetric parameters assessed were Dmean, V30, V50, V60, V70, D50, and D80. Radiation-induced toxicities to the skin, mucosa, larynx, salivary gland, and dysphagia and hematological toxicities were assessed in between both the groups during and after radiotherapy up to six months based on Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Effects v5.0. p-values were calculated using the unpaired T-test. Results In the cohort of 60 patients with head and neck cancers, 95% were males. Dosimetric parameters of the planning target volume (PTV) were compared but were not found to be significant. In the dosimetry of the organs at risk, a p-value of some structures was found to be significant although the doses received were well within the tolerable limits in both arms. DARS dosimetry V60 and V70 of the inferior constrictor muscle was found to be statistically significant (p=0.01 and 0.008, respectively). V60 and V70 of larynx were also statistically significant (p=0.009 and 0.000, respectively). V70 and D50 of cricopharyngeus were found to be statistically significant (p=0.01 and 0.03, respectively), V30 and V60 for combined pharyngeal constrictor muscles were found to be statistically significant (p=0.02 and 0.01), and lastly, V60 for combined DARS was also significant (p=0.004). Post-treatment 33.3% of patients in the st-IMRT arm required Ryle's tube placement. No grade 4 toxicities were seen in either arm regarding hematological toxicities, acute or chronic radiation-induced toxicities. In site-wise comparison of doses, the p-value was not found to be significant in patients with oropharyngeal and oral cavity carcinomas but was found to be statistically significant in the larynx and hypopharynx subsites. Conclusion The feasibility of achieving dose constraints to the DARS was seen in cases of laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers where the constrictor muscles were at a distance from the PTV. Further, the feasibility of achieving dose constraints may be seen in lower-dose prescriptions either in postoperative cases or in low-risk clinical target volume nodal volumes.
PubMed: 38465172
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.53769 -
Cureus Feb 2024Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) developing in a Zenker's diverticulum (ZD) is an uncommon condition. The preferred treatment for SCC in the pharyngeal pouch is complete...
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) developing in a Zenker's diverticulum (ZD) is an uncommon condition. The preferred treatment for SCC in the pharyngeal pouch is complete diverticulum resection. Only histopathological evaluation of the pouch can rule out SCC. Here, we present a case of a 62-year-old male patient, who was evaluated for repeated episodes of aspiration and dysphagia, and diagnosed to have a large ZD, the patient underwent Zenker's diverticulectomy with cricopharyngeal myotomy with wide margins due to clinically suspicious specimen. Histopathological examination revealed well-differentiated SCC arising within ZD, involving the whole thickness of the wall and almost touching the serosa (1 mm). The patient developed metastatic lung nodule on PET-CT, so metastatic lung nodule was excised with video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS), and chemotherapy and immunotherapy were given. On follow-up imaging patient is tumor-free to date, two years after the surgery. The occurrence of synchronous or metachronous lung cancer makes it one of the rarest cases.
PubMed: 38449978
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.53583 -
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer... Feb 2024
Topics: Humans; Prospective Studies; Chemoradiotherapy; Carcinoma; Oropharynx
PubMed: 38415519
DOI: 10.31557/APJCP.2024.25.2.367 -
Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za... Feb 2024To explore the feasibility to restore pronunciation function by repairing partial suprahyoid epiglottis-preserved circumferential defect in near total laryngectomy with...
OBJECTIVE
To explore the feasibility to restore pronunciation function by repairing partial suprahyoid epiglottis-preserved circumferential defect in near total laryngectomy with anterior medial thigh flap in advanced laryngeal cancer.
METHODS
A retrospective study of 5 male patients with advanced laryngeal cancer between August 2019 and October 2022, aged 56-73 years, with an average age of 65 years were reviewed. The disease duration ranged from 3 to 24 months, with an average of 8 months. Tumor classification by location: 2 cases of glottic type, 2 cases of supraglottic type, and 1 case of subglottic type; TNM staging: 3 cases of T N M stage, 1 case of T N M stage, and 1 case of T N M stage; American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging (2017): stage Ⅳ. Near total laryngectomy with partial suprahyoid epiglottis-preserved and selective bilateral neck dissection were performed before the anterior medial thigh flap was used to repair the circumferential defects. The flap size ranged from 6 cm×5 cm to 8 cm×6 cm. Four patients underwent adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy after operation, while 1 patient did not receive any other adjuvant treatment such as radiochemotherapy.
RESULTS
The flaps of all 5 patients survived without obvious neck infection. One patient developed a slight pharyngeal fistula after oral feeding at 1 month after operation, which healed after another week of gastric feeding. Primary healing also achieved in the thigh donor area. One patient had bilateral cervical lymph node metastasis, and 1 patient had lymph node metastasis on one side. The remaining 3 patients had no cervical nodes metastasis on both sides. All 5 patients were followed up 12-36 months, with an average of 27.6 months. Four patients had clear, audible, and hoarse voice while 1 patient (case 3) had pronunciation similar to whispering. Laryngoscopy showed that the reconstructed laryngeal inlet was fissure-shape and the reconstructed laryngo-trachea canal below the laryngeal inlet was gradually enlarged. At 1 month after operation, the gastric tube was withdrawn and the food was taken orally. There was no obvious aspiration pneumonia. The tracheostomy tube could be blocked in 4 patients for from 30 seconds to 3 minutes. Among them, 3 patients were able to make a noticeable pronunciation even when the tube was not blocked, and they were able to engage in barrier-free language communication; the tracheostomy tube could not be blocked in 1 patient who had a pronunciation similar to whispering. Preliminary voice analysis showed that the patients have a relaxed and natural pronunciation, without obvious breath-holding or air-swallowing movement, compared to patients with esophageal pronunciation. Decannulation did not achieved until the last follow-up in all 5 patients.
CONCLUSION
The anterior medial thigh flap can repair circumferential defects after near total laryngectomy in advanced laryngeal cancer patients and achieve satisfactory pronunciation, thus can serve as an effective pronunciation rehabilitation method. The preserved part of epiglottis may play a role to prevent postoperative aspiration.
Topics: Humans; Male; Aged; Laryngeal Neoplasms; Laryngectomy; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Epiglottis; Thigh; Lymphatic Metastasis; Retrospective Studies; Carcinoma
PubMed: 38385223
DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.202311062 -
Journal of Cancer Research and... Oct 2023High-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) of the tonsil is rare and has a poor prognosis. The usual presentation is a neck mass with locoregional cervical...
High-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) of the tonsil is rare and has a poor prognosis. The usual presentation is a neck mass with locoregional cervical lymphadenopathy. An axillary lymphadenopathy as a primary presentation of NEC of the tonsils is uncommon and challenging to treat. Tonsil neuroendocrine tumors display aggressive behaviors associated with early recurrence and metastasis after surgical resection. Managing this condition is demanding compared to NECs of gastrointestinal origin since, to date, the management of head-and-neck neuroendocrine tumors is still not well established. We present a 49-year-old female with a rare case of NEC of the tonsil presenting primarily with axillary lymph nodes metastasis. The patient's axillary lymph node was biopsied and revealed a Grade III neuroendocrine tumor. A positron emission tomography (PET) scan was done in searching of a primary lesion and showed a highly metabolic mass of the left tonsil as well as a left axillary lymph node suggestive of metastasis. The patient has been managed with a multimodality approach, with a combination of chemotherapy regimen and surgical resection of the axillary lymph node. Subsequent PET scan evaluation showed a complete response of the primary tumor with residual left axillary lymph node metastasis. NECs of tonsil presented with axillary lymph nodes metastasis is rare and has a poor prognostic outcome. It poses a dilemma with regard to management, as surgical resection of the metastasis is not promising given the possibility of early recurrence.
Topics: Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Lymphatic Metastasis; Palatine Tonsil; Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine; Lymph Nodes; Neuroendocrine Tumors; Lymphadenopathy
PubMed: 38376332
DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_1506_21 -
Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy : CII Feb 2024Hypopharyngeal and laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) account for 25-30% of head and neck SCC. Total laryngectomy, while effective, compromises the quality of life....
Retrospective assessment of neoadjuvant camrelizumab combined with induction chemotherapy: efficacy in laryngeal preservation for advanced hypopharyngeal and laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.
BACKGROUND
Hypopharyngeal and laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) account for 25-30% of head and neck SCC. Total laryngectomy, while effective, compromises the quality of life. Immune checkpoint inhibitors such as Camrelizumab offer potential in laryngeal preservation. The study investigated Camrelizumab combined with TP regimen as a neoadjuvant therapy for laryngeal preservation in advanced hypopharyngeal and laryngeal SCC.
METHODS
A retrospective study was conducted at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center on patients diagnosed with locally advanced SCC of the hypopharynx and larynx from October 1, 2019, to October 25, 2022. The efficacy of a first-line treatment combining Camrelizumab (200 mg) and TP regimen (Albumin-bound paclitaxel at 260 mg/m and Cisplatin at 60 mg/m) was evaluated using RECIST 1.1 criteria. Outcomes included overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), laryngectomy-free survival (LFS), and response rates.
RESULTS
Of the 71 included patients, the median age was 60.7 years. Post the first-line treatment, 90.1% demonstrated an overall response. The one-year and two-year OS rates were 91.5% and 84.3%, respectively. One-year and two-year PFS rates were 92.9% and 83.9%, respectively, with LFS at 85.6% and 73.2%. The initial T4 stage as significantly associated with reduced OS and LFS. Skin reaction was the predominant adverse event.
CONCLUSION
The Camrelizumab-TP regimen demonstrated promising results for advanced hypopharyngeal/laryngeal SCC patients, exhibiting high response rates, OS, and LFS, positioning it as a potential primary option for laryngeal preservation. Further comprehensive, randomized controlled studies are imperative to validate these initial observations and elucidate the regimen's full clinical efficacy in optimizing laryngeal outcomes.
Topics: Humans; Middle Aged; Neoadjuvant Therapy; Retrospective Studies; Hypopharynx; Quality of Life; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck; Larynx; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
PubMed: 38358522
DOI: 10.1007/s00262-023-03579-0 -
Cancers Jan 2024This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic utility of the ultra-thin endoscope (UTE) for superficial squamous cell carcinoma (SSCC) compared to magnifying endoscopy...
This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic utility of the ultra-thin endoscope (UTE) for superficial squamous cell carcinoma (SSCC) compared to magnifying endoscopy (ME) under narrow-band imaging. Participants underwent endoscopic examination, and images of pharyngeal and esophageal SCCs, as along with suspicious SSCC lesions, were collected using UTE and ME on the same day. Three image catalogs (UTE, ME-1, and ME-2) were created and reviewed by three expert endoscopists. ME-1 and ME-2 contained the same endoscopic images. The primary endpoint was the intra-observer agreement for diagnosing SCC. Eighty-six lesions (SCC = thirty-nine, non-SCC = forty-seven) in 43 participants were identified. The kappa values for the intra-observer agreement between UTE and ME-1 vs. the control (ME-1 vs. ME-2) were 0.74 vs. 0.84, 0.63 vs. 0.76, and 0.79 vs. 0.88, respectively. The accuracies for diagnosing SCC by UTE and ME-1 were 87.2% vs. 86.0%, 78.0% vs. 73,2%, and 75.6 vs. 82.6%, respectively, with no significant differences ( > 0.05). The rates of lesions that were diagnosed with confidence by UTE and ME-1 were 30.2% vs. 27.9%, 55.8% vs. 62.8%, and 58.1% vs. 55.8%, respectively. UTE demonstrates substantial diagnostic performance for SSCC in the pharynx and esophagus.
PubMed: 38339279
DOI: 10.3390/cancers16030529 -
Biomarker Research Feb 2024Multiple primary malignant neoplasms are a rare disease with tumors of different histology or morphology arising in various sites. Next-generation sequencing is...
Multiple primary malignant neoplasms are a rare disease with tumors of different histology or morphology arising in various sites. Next-generation sequencing is essential in the etiology, diagnosis, treatment, and surveillance of this disease. No eight primary malignant neoplasm cases with high variant allele frequencies of RB1, TP53, and TERT have been reported. Herein, we report a 65-year-old male who exhibited eight primary malignancies of the vocal cord, pharynx, kidney, mouth floor, esophagus, and urinary bladder with different pathological types. The first seven tumors were early-stage tumors; the last tumor, small cell carcinoma of urinary bladder, showed liver metastasis at diagnosis. Next-generation sequencing results revealed extremely high somatic variant allele frequencies of RB1 c.1472 T > C, TP53 c.576A > G, and TERT c.-58-u66C > T (95.5%, 95.1%, and 51.0%, respectively). No germline mutations were detected. These findings denoted a heavy tumor burden and poor prognosis. This is the first report of eight primary malignant neoplasm cases with high variant allele frequencies of RB1, TP53, and TERT.
PubMed: 38321554
DOI: 10.1186/s40364-024-00567-z -
Asian Journal of Surgery May 2024
Review
Transoral endoscopic resection of giant intracapsular high-grade ductal carcinoma within ex-pleomorphic adenoma in the parapharyngeal space: A case report and literature review.
Topics: Humans; Adenoma, Pleomorphic; Parapharyngeal Space; Carcinoma, Ductal; Male; Female; Natural Orifice Endoscopic Surgery; Pharyngeal Neoplasms; Middle Aged; Salivary Gland Neoplasms; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 38311503
DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2024.01.171