-
Frontiers in Pharmacology 2023[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00205.].
Corrigendum: Tilianin extracted from L. induces intrinsic apoptosis and drives inflammatory microenvironment response on pharyngeal squamous carcinoma cells via regulating TLR4 signaling pathways.
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00205.].
PubMed: 38108063
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1330291 -
Seminars in Radiation Oncology Jan 2024Although magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become standard diagnostic workup for head and neck malignancies and is currently recommended by most radiological... (Review)
Review
Although magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become standard diagnostic workup for head and neck malignancies and is currently recommended by most radiological societies for pharyngeal and oral carcinomas, its utilization in radiotherapy has been heterogeneous during the last decades. However, few would argue that implementing MRI for annotation of target volumes and organs at risk provides several advantages, so that implementation of the modality for this purpose is widely accepted. Today, the term MR-guidance has received a much broader meaning, including MRI for adaptive treatments, MR-gating and tracking during radiotherapy application, MR-features as biomarkers and finally MR-only workflows. First studies on treatment of head and neck cancer on commercially available dedicated hybrid-platforms (MR-linacs), with distinct common features but also differences amongst them, have also been recently reported, as well as "biological adaptation" based on evaluation of early treatment response via functional MRI-sequences such as diffusion weighted ones. Yet, all of these approaches towards head and neck treatment remain at their infancy, especially when compared to other radiotherapy indications. Moreover, the lack of standardization for reporting MR-guided radiotherapy is a major obstacle both to further progress in the field and to conduct and compare clinical trials. Goals of this article is to present and explain all different aspects of MR-guidance for radiotherapy of head and neck cancer, summarize evidence, as well as possible advantages and challenges of the method and finally provide a comprehensive reporting guidance for use in clinical routine and trials.
Topics: Humans; Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Radiotherapy, Image-Guided; Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated
PubMed: 38105096
DOI: 10.1016/j.semradonc.2023.10.003 -
Endoscopy Dec 2023
Topics: Humans; Endoscopic Mucosal Resection; Artificial Intelligence; Hypopharynx; Carcinoma in Situ; Dissection
PubMed: 38086415
DOI: 10.1055/a-2208-3412 -
Heliyon Nov 2023Carcinogenesis is characterized by an unlimited growth of cells exacerbated by Cox-2 overexpression. Cox-2 inhibitors have been proven effective in preventing and...
BACKGROUNDS AND AIMS
Carcinogenesis is characterized by an unlimited growth of cells exacerbated by Cox-2 overexpression. Cox-2 inhibitors have been proven effective in preventing and treating tumors. In our previous studies, we found that 4-Amino-2-Trifluoromethylphenyl Retinate (ATPR) induces cell apoptosis and inhibits cell proliferation to exhibit anti-cancer properties. The use of ATRA as well as Cox-2 inhibitors in clinical settings can cause adverse reactions. It is unknown what the effects and mechanisms of co-administration of ATPR and Cox-2 inhibitors are.
RESULTS
A combination of ATPR and Cox-2 inhibitors, Celecoxib, inhibited pharyngeal cancer cell proliferation in vitro and induced apoptosis. The cell cycle was arrested at G0/G1 by activating P53 and CDNA1. By activating MAPK/JNK pathways, ATPR and Celecoxib led to intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis in pharyngeal cancer cells. ATPR/Celecoxib combined treatment suppressed tumor growth in the pharyngeal cancer cell-derived xenograft mouse model by increasing the number of apoptotic cells. The expression of the RARA and PTGS2 genes was significantly increased in tumor tissue compared to non-tumor tissue in the clinical analysis of the head and neck squamous cell carcinoma dataset. An association was found between this and the level of intrinsic apoptotic signals. Furthermore, a survival analysis conducted over a period of five years indicated that higher levels of RARA expression were associated with a better clinical outcome.
CONCLUSION
ATPR and celecoxib inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells as well as induce apoptosis. Co-administration of ATPR and Cox-2 inhibitors has the potential to be a novel treatment plan for cancer.
PubMed: 38074870
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21664 -
Iranian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology Nov 2023Ectopic thyroid is an uncommon condition resulting from the aberrant development of the normal thyroid gland and is usually found along the thyroglossal tract: lingual,...
INTRODUCTION
Ectopic thyroid is an uncommon condition resulting from the aberrant development of the normal thyroid gland and is usually found along the thyroglossal tract: lingual, submandibular, thyroglossal cysts, intra-tracheal and mediastinal, or, on rare occasions, in the adrenal gland, gallbladder, gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, and struma ovarii.
CASE REPORTS
We describe a novel case where primary papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) was found after a trans-oral excision of a tumor containing ectopic thyroid tissue at the posterior pharynx, an area not known to be a location for ectopic thyroid. Delays due to the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in regional cervical metastases and multifocal PTC. The female patient successfully underwent total thyroidectomy, selective cervical and central lymph node dissection, followed by adjuvant radioactive iodine ablation, with no evidence of distant metastases.
CONCLUSIONS
Ectopic thyroid tissue is uncommon and may be in the posterior pharynx. The principles of management remain those of differentiated thyroid malignancy: complete surgical resection of any tumor focus, total thyroidectomy, and node dissection of involved lymph nodes, followed by adjuvant radioactive iodine in iodine-sensitive tumors.
PubMed: 38074483
DOI: 10.22038/IJORL.2023.73099.3471 -
Otolaryngologia Polska = the Polish... Sep 2023<br><b>Introduction:</b> Malignant minor salivary gland tumors are rare, accounting for fewer than 1% of all laryngeal cancers.</br>...
<br><b>Introduction:</b> Malignant minor salivary gland tumors are rare, accounting for fewer than 1% of all laryngeal cancers.</br> <br><b>Aim:</b> This study aims to share our experiences regarding clinical, radiological, pathological profiles and their management.</br> <br><b>Materials and methods:</b> The current study reviews 11 cases of malignant minor salivary gland tumors of the larynx treated surgically at our Institute between 2005 and 2019.</br> <br><b>Results:</b> The mean age of the patients was 54 years (range 38-75 years) with six females and five males in the series (1.2:1). Subglottis and trachea were the sites of origin in 54% of the cases, and hoarseness with dyspnea were the most common presenting symptoms. There were nine Adenoid cystic and two Mucoepidermoid carcinoma patients. Surgery was the primary mode of treatment.</br> <br><b>Conclusions:</b> Most of the larynx's malignant minor salivary gland tumors are submucosal in origin. The outcome and prognosis vary considerably based on the tumor's histology, grade, and stage.</br>.
Topics: Female; Male; Humans; Adult; Middle Aged; Aged; Adenoids; Hoarseness; Laryngeal Neoplasms; Larynx; Salivary Gland Neoplasms
PubMed: 38032326
DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0053.4040 -
Journal of Medical Cases Nov 2023Abrupt loss of focal brain function is the main characteristic of the beginning of ischemic stroke. However, individuals with disorders other than stroke can also...
Abrupt loss of focal brain function is the main characteristic of the beginning of ischemic stroke. However, individuals with disorders other than stroke can also present with similar features. These conditions include seizure disorders, migraine, central nervous system abscess or tumor, head trauma, subdural hematoma, cerebral venous thrombosis, viral encephalitis, conversion reaction, hypertensive encephalopathy, multiple sclerosis, and spinal cord disorder. An 82-year-old man presented with a sudden onset of numbness in his left forearm in the distribution of C6 and C7 spinal nerves, 2 days after undergoing endarterectomy and stent placement in his right carotid artery because of stenosis. He was diagnosed with hypo-pharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (T1, L0, M0) 17 years earlier (2006) which was treated with 70 Gy intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). The patient underwent stent insertion into his left carotid artery 3.5 years earlier because of 80% carotid artery stenosis. He was initially suspected to have an ischemic stroke. However, computed tomography angiography of the head and neck did not show stenosis or occlusion of the major intracranial arteries and no aneurysms were identified. It showed interval stenting of the cervical portion of the right carotid artery and stable appearance of left carotid artery stent. Both carotid artery stents and the vertebral arteries were patent. The cervical spine showed bilateral moderate to severe foramen stenosis in C3-C4 and C5-C6, and moderate to severe stenosis in the right C2-C3 and left C4-C5. His symptoms subsided after performing neck extension exercises. This is the first report of a patient whose cervical radiculopathy symptoms were suspected to be caused by ischemic stroke. The recent angioplasty and stent placement in the right carotid artery made the association more likely and had to be excluded. Clinicians should be aware that cervical radiculopathy could present as ischemic stroke. It is therefore important that disorders that cause symptoms similar to ischemic stroke are also considered in these individuals.
PubMed: 38029053
DOI: 10.14740/jmc4162 -
Translational Gastroenterology and... 2023Previous studies have reported increased risk of second cancer in both esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) survivors. This study...
BACKGROUND
Previous studies have reported increased risk of second cancer in both esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) survivors. This study aimed to examine the risk and influential factors of second cancer in ESCC and EAC patients.
METHODS
This population-based cohort study included 7,297 ESCC patients and 11,812 EAC patients who were in 1992-2019 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program in the United States. These patients were followed up until diagnosis of second cancer, death, or end of the study (December 31, 2019). We calculated standard incidence ratio (SIR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of second cancer and performed competing-risk regression to estimate the subdistribution hazard ratios (sHR) comparing categories of patients' characteristics.
RESULTS
After a total of 49,509.38 person-years of follow-up, 431 (5.9%) ESCC patients and 636 (5.9%) EAC patients developed a second cancer. An overall increased risk of second cancer was observed in both ESCC patients (SIR: 1.66, 95% CI: 1.51-1.83) and EAC patients (SIR: 1.11, 95% CI: 1.02-1.20). ESCC patients were at increased risk of second malignancy in oral cavity and pharynx (SIR: 12.57, 95% CI: 9.87-15.79), stomach (SIR: 3.03, 95% CI: 1.77-4.85), nose and larynx (SIR: 4.79, 95% CI: 2.47-8.37), and lung and bronchus (SIR: 2.44, 95% CI: 1.96-2.99), but decreased risk of prostate cancer (SIR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.52-0.99). EAC patients had increased risk of second malignancies in stomach (SIR: 4.41, 95% CI: 3.23-5.89), lung and bronchus (SIR: 1.26, 95% CI: 1.02-1.54), and kidney (SIR: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.05-2.25). The risk of second cancer was higher in female ESCC patients than in males (sHR: 1.34, 95% CI: 1.11-1.63) and decreased with more advanced tumor stage in both ESCC patients (sHR: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.50-0.76 for regional stage; sHR: 0.27, 95% CI: 0.20-0.36 for distant stage) and EAC patients (sHR: 0.47, 95% CI: 0.40-0.56 for regional stage; sHR: 0.10, 95% CI: 0.07-0.13 for distant stage).
CONCLUSIONS
Both ESCC and EAC patients are at considerable risk of certain types of second cancer.
PubMed: 38021360
DOI: 10.21037/tgh-23-29 -
BMC Cancer Nov 2023We aimed to investigate the efficacy and side effects of concurrent chemoradiotherapy, with or without nimotuzumab, for the treatment of locally advanced nasopharyngeal...
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy with or without nimotuzumab in the treatment of locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a retrospective study.
PURPOSE
We aimed to investigate the efficacy and side effects of concurrent chemoradiotherapy, with or without nimotuzumab, for the treatment of locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
METHODS
This study retrospectively enrolled 109 patients with NPC from our hospital from July 2019 to May 2021.All patients were treated with docetaxel, cisplatin, and fluorouracil(TPF) neoadjuvant chemotherapy for 2 cycles, and concurrent chemoradiotherapy was performed 2 weeks after chemotherapy. According to whether nimotuzumab was added in concurrent chemoradiotherapy, they were divided into the nimotuzumab group and the control group, with 52 cases in the nimotuzumab group and 57 cases in the control group.The efficacy and adverse reactions of the two groups were retrospectively analyzed.
RESULTS
The objective remission and complete remission rates in the nimotuzumab and control groups were 100% vs 98.2% (p = 1.000), and 92.3% vs 78.9% (p = 0.049), respectively. The 3-year distant metastasis-free survival of the nimotuzumab and control groups was 91.6% and 77.3% (p = 0.047), respectively.The 3-year progression-free survival, locoregional relapse-free survival, and overall survival of the nimotuzumab and control groups were 87.6% vs 75.5% (p = 0.110), 90.5% vs 86.9% (p = 0.566), and 94.5% vs 87.1% (p = 0.295), respectively. In the nimotuzumab group, subgroup analysis showed that patients aged < 60 years (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.350, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.131-0.934, p = 0.036) and those with a neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio) ≤ 4 (HR = 0.365, 95% CI: 0.144-0.923, p = 0.033) achieved a better result. Additionally, multivariate analysis demonstrated that neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio was an independent risk factor for disease progression (HR = 7.485, p = 0.012) and distant metastasis (HR = 17.540, p = 0.009).No grade 4 adverse reactions were observed in either group. Grade 3 oral mucosal reactions, as well as pharyngeal and esophageal reactions were slightly higher in the nimotuzumab group than in the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant. No significant differences were observed in the incidence of adverse reactions such as leukopenia, HB reduction, thrombocytopenia between the two groups (P > 0.05).
CONCLUSION
The concurrent chemoradiotherapy plus nimotuzumab after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma achieved a higher complete remission rate and significantly improved distant metastasis-free survival compared with concurrent chemoradiotherapy alone. Additionally, an increasing trend was observed in progression-free survival, and the incidence of side effects was similar in both groups.
Topics: Humans; Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma; Retrospective Studies; Neoadjuvant Therapy; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Chemoradiotherapy; Cisplatin; Leukopenia
PubMed: 37996813
DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11608-5 -
Asian Journal of Surgery Feb 2024
Topics: Humans; Herpesvirus 4, Human; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections; Nasopharynx; Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine
PubMed: 37957042
DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2023.10.100