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Chemosphere Jun 2024In this study, neural networks and support vector regression (SVR) were employed to predict the degradation over three pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs):...
In this study, neural networks and support vector regression (SVR) were employed to predict the degradation over three pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs): Ibuprofen (IBP), diclofenac (DCF), and caffeine (CAF) within a stirred reactor featuring a flotation cell with two non-concentric ultraviolet lamps. A total of 438 datapoints were collected from published works and distributed into 70% training and 30% test datasets while cross-validation was utilized to assess the training reliability. The models incorporated 15 input variables concerning reaction kinetics, molecular properties, hydrodynamic information, presence of radiation, and catalytic properties. It was observed that the Support Vector Regression (SVR) presented a poor performance as the ε hyperparameter ignored large error over low concentration levels. Meanwhile, the Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) model was able to provide rough estimations on the expected degradation of the pollutants without requiring information regarding reaction rate constants. The multi-objective optimization analysis suggested a leading role due to ozone kinetic for a rapid degradation of the contaminants and most of the results required intensification with hydrogen peroxide and Fenton process. Although both models were affected by accuracy limitations, this work provided a lightweight model to evaluate different Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) by providing general information regarding the process operational conditions as well as know molecular and catalytic properties.
Topics: Machine Learning; Diclofenac; Neural Networks, Computer; Hydrogen Peroxide; Ibuprofen; Kinetics; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Caffeine; Oxidation-Reduction; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Ozone; Support Vector Machine; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Ultraviolet Rays; Catalysis; Photolysis
PubMed: 38714249
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142222 -
Scientific Reports May 2024Active pharmaceutical ingredients have emerged as an environmentally undesirable element because of their widespread exploitation and consequent pollution, which has...
Active pharmaceutical ingredients have emerged as an environmentally undesirable element because of their widespread exploitation and consequent pollution, which has deleterious effects on living things. In the pursuit of sustainable environmental remediation, biomedical applications, and energy production, there has been a significant focus on two-dimensional materials (2D materials) owing to their unique electrical, optical, and structural properties. Herein, we have synthesized 2D zinc oxide nanosheets (ZnO NSs) using a facile and practicable hydrothermal method and characterized them thoroughly using spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. The 2D nanosheets are used as an efficient photocatalyst for antibiotic (herein, end-user ciprofloxacin (CIP) was used as a model antibiotic) degradation under sunlight. It is observed that ZnO NSs photodegrade ~ 90% of CIP within two hours of sunlight illumination. The molecular mechanism of CIP degradation is proposed based on ex-situ IR analysis. Moreover, the 2D ZNO NSs are used as an antimicrobial agent and exhibit antibacterial qualities against a range of bacterial species, including Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and MIC of the bacteria are found to be 5 μg/l and 10 μg/l, respectively. Despite having the biocompatible nature of ZnO, as-synthesized nanosheets have also shown cytotoxicity against two types of cancer cells, i.e. A549 and A375. Thus, ZnO nanosheets showed a nontoxic nature, which can be exploited as promising alternatives in different biomedical applications.
Topics: Zinc Oxide; Humans; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Catalysis; Antineoplastic Agents; Nanostructures; Escherichia coli; Ciprofloxacin; Staphylococcus aureus; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Cell Line, Tumor; Photochemical Processes; Photolysis
PubMed: 38710736
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59842-6 -
Inorganic Chemistry May 2024Photochemical ligand release from metal complexes may be exploited in the development of novel photoactivated chemotherapy agents for the treatment of cancer and other...
Photochemical ligand release from metal complexes may be exploited in the development of novel photoactivated chemotherapy agents for the treatment of cancer and other diseases. Highly intriguing photochemical behavior is reported for two ruthenium(II) complexes bearing conformationally flexible 1,2,3-triazole-based ligands incorporating a methylene spacer to form 6-membered chelate rings. [Ru(bpy)(pictz)] () and [Ru(bpy)(btzm)] () (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridyl; pictz = 1-(picolyl)-4-phenyl-1,2,3-triazole; btzm = bis(4-phenyl-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methane) exhibit coordination by the triazole ring through the less basic N2 atom as a consequence of chelation and readily undergo photochemical release of the pictz and btzm ligands (ϕ = 0.079 and 0.091, respectively) in acetonitrile solution to form -[Ru(bpy)(NCMe)] () in both cases. Ligand-loss intermediates of the form [Ru(bpy)(κ-pictz or κ-btzm)(NCCD)] are detected by H NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Photolysis of yields three ligand-loss intermediates with monodentate pictz ligands, two of which form through simple decoordination of either the pyridine or triazole donor with subsequent solvent coordination ( and , respectively). The third intermediate, shown to be able to form photochemically directly from , arises through linkage isomerism in which the monodentate pictz ligand is coordinated by the triazole N3 atom () with a comparable ligand-loss intermediate with an N3-bound κ-btzm ligand also observed for .
PubMed: 38701516
DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00251 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2024TiO was loaded on the porous nickel foam from the suspended ethanol solution and used for the photocatalytic removal of NO. Such prepared material was heat-treated at...
TiO was loaded on the porous nickel foam from the suspended ethanol solution and used for the photocatalytic removal of NO. Such prepared material was heat-treated at various temperatures (400-600 °C) to increase the adhesion of TiO with the support. Obtained TiO/nickel foam samples were characterized by XRD, UV-Vis/DR, FTIR, XPS, AFM, SEM, and nitrogen adsorption at 77 K. Photocatalytic tests of NO abatement were performed in the rectangular shape quartz reactor, irradiated from the top by UV LED light with an intensity of 10 W/m. For these studies, a laminar flow of NO in the air (1 ppm) was applied under a relative humidity of 50% and a temperature of 28 °C. Concentrations of both NO and NO were monitored by a chemiluminescence NO analyzer. The adsorption of nitrogen species on the TiO surface was determined by FTIR spectroscopy. Performed studies revealed that increased temperature of heat treatment improves adhesion of TiO to the nickel foam substrate, decreases surface porosity, and causes removal of hydroxyl and alcohol groups from the titania surface. The less hydroxylated surface of TiO is more vulnerable to the adsorption of NO species, whereas the presence of OH groups on TiO enhances the adsorption of nitrate ions. Adsorbed nitrate species upon UV irradiation and moisture undergo photolysis to NO. As a consequence, NO is released into the atmosphere, and the efficiency of NO removal is decreasing. Photocatalytic conversion of NO to NO was higher for the sample heated at 400 °C than for that at 600 °C, although coverage of nickel foam by TiO was lower for the former one. It is stated that the presence of titania defects (Ti) at low temperatures of its heating enhances the adsorption of hydroxyl groups and the formation of hydroxyl radicals, which take part in NO oxidation. Contrary to that, the presence of titania defects in TiO through the formation of ilmenite structure (NiTiO) in TiO/nickel foam heated at 600 °C inhibits its photocatalytic activity. No less, the sample obtained at 600 °C indicated the highest abatement of NO due to the high and stable adsorption of NO species on its surface.
PubMed: 38675585
DOI: 10.3390/molecules29081766 -
Polymers Apr 2024The increased use of plastics in industrial and agricultural applications has led to high levels of pollution worldwide and is a significant challenge. To address this... (Review)
Review
The increased use of plastics in industrial and agricultural applications has led to high levels of pollution worldwide and is a significant challenge. To address this plastic pollution, conventional methods such as landfills and incineration are used, leading to further challenges such as the generation of greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, increasing interest has been directed to identifying alternative methods to dispose of plastic waste from agriculture. The novelty of the current research arose from the lack of critical reviews on how 3-Dimensional (3D) printing was adopted for recycling plastics, its application in the production of agricultural plastics, and its specific benefits, disadvantages, and limitations in recycling plastics. The review paper offers novel insights regarding the application of 3D printing methods including Fused Particle Fabrication (FPF), Hot Melt Extrusion (HME), and Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) to make filaments from plastics. However, the methods were adopted in local recycling setups where only small quantities of the raw materials were considered. Data was collected using a systematic review involving 39 studies. Findings showed that the application of the 3D printing methods led to the generation of agricultural plastics such as Polylactic Acid (PLA), Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS), Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET), and High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE), which were found to have properties comparable to those of virgin plastic, suggesting the viability of 3D printing in managing plastic pollution. However, limitations were also associated with the 3D printing methods; 3D-printed plastics deteriorated rapidly under Ultraviolet (UV) light and are non-biodegradable, posing further risks of plastic pollution. However, UV stabilization helps reduce plastic deterioration, thus increasing longevity and reducing disposal. Future directions emphasize identifying methods to reduce the deterioration of 3D-printed agricultural plastics and increasing their longevity in addition to UV stability.
PubMed: 38675022
DOI: 10.3390/polym16081104 -
International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2024A novel photocatalytic nanomaterial, HoYSbO, was successfully synthesized for the first time using the solvothermal synthesis technique. In addition, a HoYSbO/BiMoO...
The Fabrication and Property Characterization of a HoYSbO/BiMoO Heterojunction Photocatalyst and the Application of the Photodegradation of Diuron under Visible Light Irradiation.
A novel photocatalytic nanomaterial, HoYSbO, was successfully synthesized for the first time using the solvothermal synthesis technique. In addition, a HoYSbO/BiMoO heterojunction photocatalyst (HBHP) was prepared via the hydrothermal fabrication technique. Extensive characterizations of the synthesized samples were conducted using various instruments, such as an X-ray diffractometer, a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, a Raman spectrometer, a UV-visible spectrophotometer, an X-ray photoelectron spectrometer, and a transmission electron microscope, as well as X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, a photocurrent test, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, and electron paramagnetic resonance. The photocatalytic activity of the HBHP was evaluated for the degradation of diuron (DRN) and the mineralization of total organic carbon (TOC) under visible light exposure for 152 min. Remarkable removal efficiencies were achieved, with 99.78% for DRN and 97.19% for TOC. Comparative analysis demonstrated that the HBHP exhibited markedly higher removal efficiencies for DRN compared to HoYSbO, BiMoO, or N-doped TiO photocatalyst, with removal efficiencies 1.13 times, 1.21 times, or 2.95 times higher, respectively. Similarly, the HBHP demonstrated significantly higher removal efficiencies for TOC compared to HoYSbO, BiMoO, or N-doped TiO photocatalyst, with removal efficiencies 1.17 times, 1.25 times, or 3.39 times higher, respectively. Furthermore, the HBHP demonstrated excellent stability and reusability. The mechanisms which could enhance the photocatalytic activity remarkably and the involvement of the major active species were comprehensively discussed, with superoxide radicals identified as the primary active species, followed by hydroxyl radicals and holes. The results of this study contribute to the advancement of efficient heterostructural materials and offer valuable insights into the development of sustainable remediation strategies for addressing DRN contamination.
Topics: Bismuth; Light; Catalysis; Photolysis; Molybdenum; Diuron; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 38674003
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084418 -
International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2024Access to clean drinking water is a basic requirement, and eliminating pollutants from wastewater is important for saving water ecosystems. The porous structure and... (Review)
Review
Access to clean drinking water is a basic requirement, and eliminating pollutants from wastewater is important for saving water ecosystems. The porous structure and surface characteristics of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) can function as a perfect scaffold for removing toxic compounds from wastewater. Porphyrins are promising building blocks for constructing MOFs. Porphyrin-based metal-organic frameworks (P-MOFs) have been fabricated using porphyrin ligands, metal clusters, or ions. These materials can harvest light from a wide region of the solar spectrum, and their framework morphology and physicochemical properties can be controlled by changing their peripheral subunits or metal ions. These porous crystalline materials have generated interest because of their distinctive characteristics, including large permanent porosity, interesting surface morphology, broad conformational diversity, high photostability, and semiconducting nature. This article discusses the recent progress and usefulness of P-MOFs. The fabrication procedures of P-MOFs are discussed, followed by the adsorptive and photocatalytic removal of contaminants from wastewater. The relationships between the geometries of P-MOFs and their light-harvesting and charge-transfer mechanisms for the photocatalytic degradation of pollutants are highlighted. Finally, some future perspectives and obstacles in the photodegradation usage of P-MOFs are discussed, along with feasible research directions to standardize efficient photocatalysts for improved photodegradation for water treatment.
Topics: Catalysis; Light; Metal-Organic Frameworks; Photolysis; Porphyrins; Wastewater; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Water Purification
PubMed: 38673768
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084183 -
Life Sciences in Space Research May 2024The cortical anthraquinone yellow-orange pigment parietin is a secondary lichen substance providing UV-shielding properties that is produced by several lichen species....
The cortical anthraquinone yellow-orange pigment parietin is a secondary lichen substance providing UV-shielding properties that is produced by several lichen species. In our work, the secondary metabolite has been extracted from air-dried thalli of Xanthoria parietina. The aims of this study were to characterize parietin absorbance through UV-VIS spectrophotometry and with IR spectroscopy and to evaluate its photodegradability under UV radiation through in situ reflectance IR spectroscopy to understand to what extent the substance may have a photoprotective role. This allows us to relate parietin photo-degradability to the lichen UV tolerance in its natural terrestrial habitat and in extreme environments relevant for astrobiology such as Mars. Extracted crystals were UV irradiated for 5.59 h under N flux. After the UV irradiation, we assessed relevant degradations in the 1614, 1227, 1202, 1160 and 755 cm bands. However, in light of Xanthoria parietina survivability in extreme conditions such as space- and Mars-simulated ones, we highlight parietin UV photo-resistance and its relevance for astrobiology as photo-protective substance and possible bio-hint.
Topics: Ultraviolet Rays; Exobiology; Lichens; Emodin; Photolysis; Spectrophotometry, Infrared
PubMed: 38670647
DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2024.03.004 -
ACS Earth & Space Chemistry Apr 2024Gas-phase formaldehyde (HCHO) is formed in high yield from the oxidation of many volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and is commonly used as a constraint when testing the...
Gas-phase formaldehyde (HCHO) is formed in high yield from the oxidation of many volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and is commonly used as a constraint when testing the performance of VOC oxidation mechanisms in models. However, prior to using HCHO as a model constraint for VOC oxidation in forested regions, it is essential to have a thorough understanding of its foliar exchange. Therefore, a controlled laboratory setup was designed to measure the emission and dry deposition of HCHO at the leaf-level to red oak () and Leyland cypress () tree saplings. The results show that HCHO has a compensation point (CP) that rises exponentially with temperature (22-35 °C) with a mean range of 0.3-0.9 ppbv. The HCHO CP results are also found to be independent of the studied tree species and 40-70% relative humidity. Given that HCHO mixing ratios in forests during the daytime are usually greater than 1 ppbv, the magnitude of the CP suggests that trees generally act as a net sink of HCHO. Additionally, the results show that HCHO foliar exchange is stomatally controlled and better matches a reactivity factor () of 0 as opposed to 1 in conventional dry deposition parametrizations. At 30 °C, daytime HCHO dry deposition fluxes are reduced by upward of 50% when using = 0 and a nonzero HCHO CP, although deposition remains the dominant canopy sink of HCHO. A reduced deposition sink also implies the increased importance of the gas-phase photolysis of HCHO as a source of HO.
PubMed: 38654895
DOI: 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.3c00325 -
Scientific Reports Apr 2024In this research, different Co doped ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) were hydrothermally synthesized by an environmentally friendly, sustainable technique using the extract of...
Central composite design and mechanism of antibiotic ciprofloxacin photodegradation under visible light by green hydrothermal synthesized cobalt-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles.
In this research, different Co doped ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) were hydrothermally synthesized by an environmentally friendly, sustainable technique using the extract of P. capillacea for the first time. Co-ZnO was characterized and confirmed by FTIR, XPS, XRD, BET, EDX, SEM, TEM, DRS UV-Vis spectroscopy, and TGA analyses. Dislocation density, micro strains, lattice parameters and volume of the unit cell were measured using XRD results. XRD suggests that the average size of these NPs was between 44.49 and 65.69 nm with a hexagonal wurtzite structure. Tauc plot displayed that the optical energy bandgap of ZnO NPs (3.18) slowly declines with Co doping (2.96 eV). Near complete removal of the ciprofloxacin (CIPF) antibiotic was attained using Green 5% of Hy-Co-ZnO in the existence of visible LED light which exhibited maximum degradation efficiency (99%) within 120 min for 30 ppm CIPF initial concentration. The photodegradation mechanism of CIPF using Green Hy-Co-ZnO NPs followed the Pseudo-first-order kinetics. The Green Hy-Co-ZnO NPs improved photocatalytic performance toward CIPF for 3 cycles. The experiments were designed using the RSM (CCD) method for selected parameters such as catalyst dosage, antibiotic dosage, shaking speed, and pH. The maximal CIPF degradation efficiency (96.4%) was achieved under optimum conditions of 39.45 ppm CIPF dosage, 60.56 mg catalyst dosage, 177.33 rpm shaking speed and pH 7.57.
Topics: Zinc Oxide; Ciprofloxacin; Cobalt; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Photolysis; Light; Metal Nanoparticles; Green Chemistry Technology; Nanoparticles; Kinetics; Catalysis
PubMed: 38644378
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58961-4