-
Quantitative Plant Biology 2023An increasing number of collaborative projects between artists and scientists raises the question regarding their value, particularly when considering the redirection of...
An increasing number of collaborative projects between artists and scientists raises the question regarding their value, particularly when considering the redirection of resources. Here we provide a personal account of our collaborative efforts, as an artist and a scientist. We propose that one of the most significant outcomes is something that cannot be planned for in advance: serendipitous events. Such events lead to fresh perspectives and imaginative ideas, the fairy dust underlying many great works of art and science. The unexpected nature of these desired outcomes requires from us a leap of faith on the one hand, and a deep trust in our 'partner in crime' on the other.
PubMed: 37587987
DOI: 10.1017/qpb.2023.7 -
Plants (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2023Nowadays, not only the roots, but also leaves and flowers of ginseng are increasingly popular ingredients in supplements for healthcare products and traditional...
Nowadays, not only the roots, but also leaves and flowers of ginseng are increasingly popular ingredients in supplements for healthcare products and traditional medicine. The cultivation of the shade-loving crop, ginseng, is very demanding in terms of the light environment. Along with the intensity and duration, light direction is another important factor in regulating plant morphophysiology. In the current study, three lighting directions-top (T), side (S), or top + side (TS)-with an intensity of 30 ± 5 μmol·m·s photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) were employed. Generally, compared with the single T lighting, the composite lighting direction, TS, was more effective in shaping the ginseng with improved characteristics, including shortened, thick shoots; enlarged, thick leaves; more leaf trichomes; earlier flower bud formation; and enhanced photosynthesis. The single S light resulted in the worst growth parameters and strongly inhibited the flower bud formation, leading to the latest flower bud observation. Additionally, the S lighting acted as a positive factor in increasing the leaf thickness and number of trichomes on the leaf adaxial surface. However, the participation of the T lighting weakened these traits. Overall, the TS lighting was the optimal direction for improving the growth and development traits in ginseng. This preliminary research may provide new ideas and orientations in ginseng cultivation lodging resistance and improving the supply of ginseng roots, leaves, and flowers to the market.
PubMed: 37571002
DOI: 10.3390/plants12152849 -
Physiology and Molecular Biology of... Jun 2023Root systems anchor plants to the substrate in addition to transporting water and nutrients, playing a fundamental role in plant survival. The gene mediates gravity...
UNLABELLED
Root systems anchor plants to the substrate in addition to transporting water and nutrients, playing a fundamental role in plant survival. The gene mediates gravity signal transduction and participates in root and shoot development and auxin flow in many plants. In this study, a regulator, LsLAZY1, was identified from based on previous transcriptome data. The conserved domain and evolutionary relationship were further analyzed comprehensively. The role of in root development was investigated by genetic transformation and associated gravity response and phototropism assay. Subcellular localization showed that LsLAZY1 was localized in the nucleus. overexpression in () increased the length of the primary roots (PRs) and the number of lateral roots (LRs) compared to . Furthermore, : transgenic seedlings affected auxin transport and showed a stronger gravitational and phototropic responses. It also promoted auxin accumulation at the root tips. These results indicated that affects root development and auxin transport.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-023-01326-4.
PubMed: 37520815
DOI: 10.1007/s12298-023-01326-4 -
Cells May 2023Vegetative to reproductive phase transition in phototropic plants is an important developmental process and is sequentially mediated by the expression of micro-RNA . To...
Vegetative to reproductive phase transition in phototropic plants is an important developmental process and is sequentially mediated by the expression of micro-RNA . To obtain insight into the evolution, adaptation, and function of in photophilic rice and its wild relatives, we analyzed the genescape of a 100 kb segment harboring homologs from 11 genomes. The expression analysis of revealed its incremental accumulation from the 2-leaf to 10-leaf stage, with maximum expression coinciding with the flag-leaf stage in rice. Nonetheless, the microsynteny analysis of s revealed collinearity within the genus but a loss of synteny was observed in (i) A in (AA) and (AA); (ii) B in (FF); and (iii) C in O. (BB). Phylogenetic analysis of precursor sequences/region of revealed a distinct tri-modal clade of evolution. The genomic information generated in this investigation through comparative analysis of suggests mature s to have evolved in a disruptive and conservative mode amongst all species with a common origin of descent. Further, the phylogenomic delineation provided an insight into the adaptation and molecular evolution of to changing environmental conditions (biotic and abiotic) of phototropic rice through natural selection and the opportunity to harness untapped genomic regions from rice wild relatives (RWR).
Topics: Oryza; Phylogeny; MicroRNAs; Plant Leaves
PubMed: 37408207
DOI: 10.3390/cells12101370 -
Technology and Health Care : Official... 2023Acute sports fatigue impairs athletes' performance and causes other health issues; therefore, an effective method of relieving acute sports fatigue is being researched.
BACKGROUND
Acute sports fatigue impairs athletes' performance and causes other health issues; therefore, an effective method of relieving acute sports fatigue is being researched.
OBJECTIVE
The present study was envisaged to evaluate the effect of electric auto-massage therapy and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitated (PNF) stretching method on the recovery of acute exercise fatigue using the heart rate variability-based multi-physiological index and RPE scale, and to explore the underlying principle and mechanism.
METHOD
Sixty volunteers were divided into the stretching group, massage group and control group (20 subjects each) using the complete randomization method. The massage group chose the kneading, pressing, tapping and patting techniques using the intelligent massage chair to intervene on the volunteers, the stretching group chose the PNF stretching method to intervene on the volunteers, while the control group did not adopt any of these techniques. The Rating Of Perceived Exertion (RPE) score, heart rate (HR), grip strength, skin electrical activity, heart rate variability (HRV) and blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) of the three groups were recorded before and after the intervention.
RESULTS
Before the intervention, there was no statistically significant difference between the values of heart rate variability (HRV) in the three groups (P> 0.05), while after the intervention, there was a statistically significant difference between the values of heart rate variability - low frequency/high frequency (HRV (LF/HF)) and HRV (HF) in the three groups as: HRV (HF): ηH2= 0.10; P= 0.022; HRV (LF/HF): ηH2= 0.44; P= 0.001. The results indicated that the different intervention methods presented substantial effects on the values of HRV (HF) and HRV (LF/HF) in the volunteers. The HRV (HF) values of massage group, stretching group and control group were compared, and the difference between the massage group and control group was statistically significant (P= 0.019). Further, the HRV (HF) values of massage group rose more significantly than control group after the intervention, and the difference between HRV (HF) values of massage group and stretching group was not statistically significant. When comparing the HRV (LF/HF) values of massage group, stretching group and control group, the differences between the massage group and stretching group and control group were statistically significant (P= 0.001, P< 0.05), and it was observed that the HRV (LF/HF) values of massage group decreased more significantly than those of stretching group and control group after the intervention. The difference in HRV (LF) values between the three groups after the intervention was not statistically significant (P> 0.05).
CONCLUSION
1. It was observed that the electric automatic massage therapy played a vital role in the rapid relief of exercise fatigue by soothing and regulating the human phototropic system, reducing vagal tone, and accelerating the excretion of metabolites; while PNF stretching relieved the exercise fatigue by providing physical and verbal communication to transfer the perception of fatigue, and by promoting the excretion of metabolites through muscle isometric contraction. 2. The effect of electric auto-massage therapy was marginally stronger than the commonly used PNF stretching exercise method.
Topics: Humans; Exercise; Fatigue; Massage; Heart Rate; Athletic Performance
PubMed: 37038791
DOI: 10.3233/THC-236016 -
Frontiers in Plant Science 2023Roots are sensors evolved to simultaneously respond to manifold signals, which allow the plant to survive. Root growth responses, including the modulation of directional... (Review)
Review
Roots are sensors evolved to simultaneously respond to manifold signals, which allow the plant to survive. Root growth responses, including the modulation of directional root growth, were shown to be differently regulated when the root is exposed to a combination of exogenous stimuli compared to an individual stress trigger. Several studies pointed especially to the impact of the negative phototropic response of roots, which interferes with the adaptation of directional root growth upon additional gravitropic, halotropic or mechanical triggers. This review will provide a general overview of known cellular, molecular and signalling mechanisms involved in directional root growth regulation upon exogenous stimuli. Furthermore, we summarise recent experimental approaches to dissect which root growth responses are regulated upon which individual trigger. Finally, we provide a general overview of how to implement the knowledge gained to improve plant breeding.
PubMed: 37008498
DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1154088 -
International Journal of Molecular... Mar 2023The root is an important organ for obtaining nutrients and absorbing water and carbohydrates, and it depends on various endogenous and external environmental... (Review)
Review
The root is an important organ for obtaining nutrients and absorbing water and carbohydrates, and it depends on various endogenous and external environmental stimulations such as light, temperature, water, plant hormones, and metabolic constituents. Auxin, as an essential plant hormone, can mediate rooting under different light treatments. Therefore, this review focuses on summarizing the functions and mechanisms of light-regulated auxin signaling in root development. Some light-response components such as phytochromes (PHYs), cryptochromes (CRYs), phototropins (PHOTs), phytochrome-interacting factors (PIFs) and constitutive photo-morphorgenic 1 (COP1) regulate root development. Moreover, light mediates the primary root, lateral root, adventitious root, root hair, rhizoid, and seminal and crown root development via the auxin signaling transduction pathway. Additionally, the effect of light through the auxin signal on root negative phototropism, gravitropism, root greening and the root branching of plants is also illustrated. The review also summarizes diverse light target genes in response to auxin signaling during rooting. We conclude that the mechanism of light-mediated root development via auxin signaling is complex, and it mainly concerns in the differences in plant species, such as barley ( L.) and wheat ( L.), changes of transcript levels and endogenous IAA content. Hence, the effect of light-involved auxin signaling on root growth and development is definitely a hot issue to explore in the horticultural studies now and in the future.
Topics: Indoleacetic Acids; Signal Transduction; Plant Growth Regulators; Phytochrome; Light Signal Transduction; Plant Roots; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Arabidopsis Proteins
PubMed: 36982350
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065253 -
The Plant Cell Jun 2023PHYTOCHROME KINASE SUBSTRATE (PKS) proteins are involved in light-modulated changes in growth orientation. They act downstream of phytochromes to control hypocotyl...
PHYTOCHROME KINASE SUBSTRATE (PKS) proteins are involved in light-modulated changes in growth orientation. They act downstream of phytochromes to control hypocotyl gravitropism in the light and act early in phototropin signaling. Despite their importance for plant development, little is known about their molecular mode of action, except that they belong to a protein complex comprising phototropins at the plasma membrane (PM). Identifying evolutionary conservation is one approach to revealing biologically important protein motifs. Here, we show that PKS sequences are restricted to seed plants and that these proteins share 6 motifs (A to F from the N to the C terminus). Motifs A and D are also present in BIG GRAIN, while the remaining 4 are specific to PKSs. We provide evidence that motif C is S-acylated on highly conserved cysteines, which mediates the association of PKS proteins with the PM. Motif C is also required for PKS4-mediated phototropism and light-regulated hypocotyl gravitropism. Finally, our data suggest that the mode of PKS4 association with the PM is important for its biological activity. Our work, therefore, identifies conserved cysteines contributing to PM association of PKS proteins and strongly suggests that this is their site of action to modulate environmentally regulated organ positioning.
Topics: Phytochrome; Arabidopsis Proteins; Arabidopsis; Protein S; Light; Phototropism; Hypocotyl; Acylation
PubMed: 36972404
DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad096 -
The New Phytologist May 2023PIN-FORMED auxin efflux transporters, a subclass of which is plasma membrane-localised, mediate a variety of land-plant developmental processes via their polar...
PIN-FORMED auxin efflux transporters, a subclass of which is plasma membrane-localised, mediate a variety of land-plant developmental processes via their polar localisation and subsequent directional auxin transport. We provide the first characterisation of PIN proteins in liverworts using Marchantia polymorpha as a model system. Marchantia polymorpha possesses a single PIN-FORMED gene, whose protein product is predicted to be plasma membrane-localised, MpPIN1. To characterise MpPIN1, we created loss-of-function alleles and produced complementation lines in both M. polymorpha and Arabidopsis. In M. polymorpha, gene expression and protein localisation were tracked using an MpPIN1 transgene encoding a translationally fused fluorescent protein. Overexpression of MpPIN1 can partially complement loss of an orthologous gene, PIN-FORMED1, in Arabidopsis. In M. polymorpha, MpPIN1 influences development in numerous ways throughout its life cycle. Most notably, MpPIN1 is required to establish gemmaling dorsiventral polarity and for orthotropic growth of gametangiophore stalks, where MpPIN1 is basally polarised. PIN activity is largely conserved within land plants, with PIN-mediated auxin flow providing a flexible mechanism to organise growth. Specifically, PIN is fundamentally linked to orthotropism and to the establishment of de novo meristems, the latter potentially involving the formation of both auxin biosynthesis maxima and auxin-signalling minima.
Topics: Arabidopsis; Meristem; Arabidopsis Proteins; Marchantia; Phototropism; Gravitropism; Indoleacetic Acids
PubMed: 36880411
DOI: 10.1111/nph.18854 -
The Plant Journal : For Cell and... Apr 2023Directional movements impact the ability of plants to respond and adjust their growth accordingly to the prevailing light environment. The plasma-membrane associated...
Directional movements impact the ability of plants to respond and adjust their growth accordingly to the prevailing light environment. The plasma-membrane associated protein, ROOT PHOTOTROPISM 2 (RPT2) is a key signalling component involved in chloroplast accumulation movement, leaf positioning, and phototropism, all of which are regulated redundantly by the ultraviolet/blue light-activated AGC kinases phototropin 1 and 2 (phot1 and phot2). We recently demonstrated that members of the NON-PHOTOTROPIC HYPOCOTYL 3 (NPH3)/RPT2-like (NRL) family in Arabidopsis thaliana, including RPT2, are directly phosphorylated by phot1. However, whether RPT2 is a substrate for phot2, and the biological significance of phot phosphorylation of RPT2 remains to be determined. Here, we show that RPT2 is phosphorylated by both phot1 and phot2 at a conserved serine residue (S591) within the C-terminal region of the protein. Blue light triggered the association of 14-3-3 proteins with RPT2 consistent with S591 acting as a 14-3-3 binding site. Mutation of S591 had no effect on the plasma membrane localization of RPT2 but reduced its functionality for leaf positioning and phototropism. Moreover, our findings indicate that S591 phosphorylation within the C-terminus of RPT2 is required for chloroplast accumulation movement to low level blue light. Taken together, these findings further highlight the importance of the C-terminal region of NRL proteins and how its phosphorylation contributes to phot receptor signalling in plants.
Topics: Arabidopsis; Phototropism; Phosphorylation; Phototropins; Arabidopsis Proteins; Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; Plants, Genetically Modified; Light; Plant Leaves; Chloroplasts; Phosphoproteins
PubMed: 36794876
DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16144