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Cureus Dec 2023Renal plasmacytoma is a rare extramedullary manifestation of plasma cell neoplasms (PCN). We present the case of a 62-year-old male with a history of relapsed refractory...
Renal plasmacytoma is a rare extramedullary manifestation of plasma cell neoplasms (PCN). We present the case of a 62-year-old male with a history of relapsed refractory multiple myeloma (MM) who developed secondary renal plasmacytoma after an eight-year remission period. Radiological findings on plain CT raised concern for the most common renal malignancy, i.e. renal cell carcinoma (RCC), while further imagining evaluation with MRI suggested renal lymphoma, highlighting the diagnostic challenge of renal plasmacytoma on imagining. A renal mass biopsy confirmed a kappa-restricted plasma cell tumor, emphasizing the need for accurate differentiation between renal plasmacytoma and other renal malignancies to guide appropriate treatment strategies. Increased awareness of such cases can lead to timely recognition and tailored management for this rare entity.
PubMed: 38196426
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.50269 -
Radiology Case Reports Mar 2024We report a case of a 40-year-old female with a solitary plasmacytoma of the right transverse apophysis of C1 who underwent combined transoral ablation using a curved...
Transoral percutaneous radiofrequency ablation with a steerable needle and cementoplasty under CBCT and infrared augmented reality navigation system guidance for the treatment of a C1 solitary plasmacytoma: A case report.
We report a case of a 40-year-old female with a solitary plasmacytoma of the right transverse apophysis of C1 who underwent combined transoral ablation using a curved steerable needle and cementoplasty under CBCT and infra-red augmented reality navigation system. An imaging work-up revealed an osteolytic lesion determining partial collapse of the right lateral mass of C1 and involving the vertebral foramen. After a biopsy, that revealed a solid tissue consistent with plasmacytoma, it was decided to proceed with radiation therapy. Subsequent PET-CT restaging scans showed residual tumors treated with a transoral percutaneous approach, combining ablation and cementoplasty. This report evaluates the benefits of this combined procedure and the transoral approach, focusing on the advantages of steerable devices and navigation systems.
PubMed: 38188956
DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2023.11.016 -
Cureus Dec 2023In this case report, we discuss the presentation, diagnosis, and management of a 67-year-old gentleman with stage II multiple myeloma with concurrent biopsy-proven bone...
In this case report, we discuss the presentation, diagnosis, and management of a 67-year-old gentleman with stage II multiple myeloma with concurrent biopsy-proven bone plasmacytoma and why it is important to understand the molecular intricacies of these disorders. We emphasize the critical role of radiology in identifying, characterizing, and managing these lesions. Furthermore, we shed light on the critical differentiation between solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma and multiple myeloma and discuss treatment modalities for both conditions.
PubMed: 38186465
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.50058 -
Heliyon Jan 2024Human trabecular meshwork cell (HTMC) dysfunction results in imbalanced aqueous humor inflow and outflow, leading to an increase in intraocular pressure (IOP)....
PURPOSE
Human trabecular meshwork cell (HTMC) dysfunction results in imbalanced aqueous humor inflow and outflow, leading to an increase in intraocular pressure (IOP). Uncontrolled high IOP can promote the occurrence of glaucoma, an irreversible optic neuropathy. Here, we explored whether the long non-coding RNA plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (lncRNA PVT1)/microRNA-29a-3p (miR-29a-3p) axis could ameliorate HTMC dysfunction under oxidative stress by modulating the expression of the proangiogenic factor vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGFA) and the profibrotic factor metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2).
METHODS
HTMCs were cultured under HO-induced oxidative stress for 48 h. The expression of lncRNA PVT1, miR-29a-3p, VEGFA, MMP-2, intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) was detected by reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and immunofluorescence. Interference experiments were conducted the transfection of HTMCs with small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting lncRNA PVT1 or miR-29a-3p mimics. A luciferase reporter assay was undertaken to identify the presence of a miR-29a-3p binding site in lncRNA PVT1. Flow cytometry and Transwell and Cell Counting Kit-8 assays were employed to evaluate HTMC functions under oxidative stress with different treatments.
RESULTS
In HTMCs, the expression of lncRNA PVT1 was induced by HO treatment, whereas that of miR-29a-3p was inhibited. The levels of angiogenic factors (VEGFA, ICAM-1) and fibrosis-associated mediators (MMP-2, α-SMA) were upregulated in HTMCs under oxidative stress. The siRNA-mediated suppression of lncRNA PVT1 or the upregulation of miR-29a-3p significantly suppressed the expression of VEGFA, MMP-2, ICAM-1, and α-SMA. A luciferase reporter assay confirmed that lncRNA PVT1 directly targeted miR-29a-3p and acted as a miR-29a-3p sponge. The knockdown of lncRNA PVT1 restored the level of miR-29a-3p in HO-treated HTMCs, thereby inhibiting VEGFA and MMP-2, its target mRNAs. HTMC dysfunction, including increased apoptosis and decreased cell mobility and viability, could be effectively ameliorated by lncRNA PVT1 downregulation or miR-29a-3p overexpression under oxidative stress.
CONCLUSION
LncRNA PVT1 has potential as a therapeutic target for inhibiting VEGFA and MMP-2, thus protecting HTMCs, suppressing the progression of fibrosis, and, consequently, improving the outcome of glaucoma filtration surgery.
PubMed: 38173510
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23607 -
Cureus Dec 2023We present a rare case of a solitary intracranial plasmacytoma of the brain parenchyma in a 49-year-old female who presented with neck pain/headache, paresthesias, and...
We present a rare case of a solitary intracranial plasmacytoma of the brain parenchyma in a 49-year-old female who presented with neck pain/headache, paresthesias, and auditory hallucinations. A workup revealed a solitary left parietal lobe brain lesion and a biopsy demonstrated a plasma cell infiltrate consistent with an extramedullary plasmacytoma. A complete workup for multiple myeloma was negative. As opposed to surgical resection and adjuvant radiation therapy (RT), as described in prior case reports in the literature, this patient was managed with definitive local RT alone to 50 Gy in 25 fractions. Six months following primary RT completion, the patient's presenting symptoms completely resolved and follow-up imaging revealed regression of the primary tumor. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma of the brain treated with localized definitive RT alone.
PubMed: 38161554
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.49798 -
International Journal of Surgery Case... Jan 2024Extramedullary intracardiac plasmacytoma is a rare type of plasma cell neoplasm that involves the heart. This article presents a case report of a patient with this...
INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE
Extramedullary intracardiac plasmacytoma is a rare type of plasma cell neoplasm that involves the heart. This article presents a case report of a patient with this condition and describes the surgical management of the disease.
CASE PRESENTATION
The patient was a 65-year-old male with a history of multiple myeloma in remission for two years who presented with shortness of breath and chest pain. Imaging studies revealed a mass in the right atrium of the heart, which was confirmed to be extramedullary intracardiac plasmacytoma on biopsy. The patient underwent surgical resection of the mass.
CLINICAL DISCUSSION
Extramedullary intracardiac plasmacytoma is a rare condition that can occur in patients with multiple myeloma. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are crucial for improving the prognosis of affected individuals. Surgical resection may be a viable treatment option for some patients.
CONCLUSION
This case report highlights the potential risks and complications associated with surgical intervention in patients with extramedullary intracardiac plasmacytoma. Further research is needed to determine the best treatment approach for this rare condition and to improve patient outcomes.
PubMed: 38160518
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2023.109187 -
Deutsches Arzteblatt International Nov 2023
Topics: Humans; Plasmacytoma; Bone Neoplasms; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Pain
PubMed: 38154049
DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.m2023.0092 -
Asian Journal of Neurosurgery Sep 2023Plasmacytoma of bone is one of the criteria for diagnosing plasma cell myeloma (multiple myeloma). A plasmacytoma involving a frontal bone is unusual, with only few...
Plasmacytoma of bone is one of the criteria for diagnosing plasma cell myeloma (multiple myeloma). A plasmacytoma involving a frontal bone is unusual, with only few being reported so far. Also, when typical clinical presentation is absent, diagnosis is usually not suspected clinicoradiologically. We report a rare case of frontal bone plasmacytoma presenting as a lump over the forehead, the squash cytology of which gave the diagnosis of neoplastic etiology. Thus, squash cytology helped in early and definitive diagnosis in this patient, hastening meticulous diagnostic investigations and appropriate management. With full workup, the final diagnosis of a nonsecretory multiple myeloma was made.
PubMed: 38152512
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1774397 -
Asian Journal of Neurosurgery Sep 2023We report 30 cases of nonmeningothelial dural-based lesions encountered during a 3-year study period. We retrospectively reviewed pathology records of patients...
We report 30 cases of nonmeningothelial dural-based lesions encountered during a 3-year study period. We retrospectively reviewed pathology records of patients operated for extra-axial, dural-based lesions during the years 2016 to 2018 and included nonmeningothelial lesions as a part of this study. Among the 3,243 neurosurgical specimens for histopathologic examination, only 30 (0.93%) were "nonmeningothelial dural-based lesions." Six (20%) patients were in the pediatric age group. Pathologic assessment identified 13 cases of solitary fibrous tumor/hemangiopericytoma (43.3%) and 7 cases of Ewing's sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumor (23.3%). Two cases (6.7%) were of metastasis. Other lesions included a single case each of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, undifferentiated sarcoma, solitary plasmacytoma, and granulocytic sarcoma. Nonneoplastic lesions included two cases each of Rosai-Dorfman disease and nonspecific inflammatory lesions. Nonmeningothelial dural-based lesions being rare, thorough examination of morphological features is a must by the pathologist, to arrive at the accurate diagnosis. Ancillary tests, if required, should be employed in the context of the morphologic picture.
PubMed: 38152510
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1771315 -
Journal of Clinical and Experimental... 2023To clarify the significance of bone marrow fibrosis and amyloid deposition in plasma cell neoplasm, a retrospective cross-sectional study for a period of 3 years was...
To clarify the significance of bone marrow fibrosis and amyloid deposition in plasma cell neoplasm, a retrospective cross-sectional study for a period of 3 years was conducted. Patients who underwent bone marrow aspiration and biopsy with suspicion of plasma cell neoplasms were included in the study. The bone marrow findings were correlated with clinical profile of the patient along with biochemical parameters, cytogenetics, Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) wherever available. A total of 273 bone marrow aspirates and biopsies of patients with suspected plasma cell neoplasms were analyzed. There were 181 male patients and 92 female patients (Male: Female = 1.96: 1). There were 245 cases of multiple myeloma (89.7%), 8 cases of primary amyloidosis (2.9%) and 6 monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) (2.1%), 5 cases of plasmacytoma (1.8%) and 4 cases of smouldering myeloma (1.4%), 5 cases of POEMS syndrome (1.8%). Bone marrow fibrosis was noted in 12 patients at diagnosis (4.3%). Among the parameters studied, only the mean Hemoglobin was significantly low in patients with marrow fibrosis. Amyloid deposition in various organs including bone marrow, kidney, liver etc., were noted in 17 patients overall (6.2%). In conclusion, the incidence of fibrosis (4.3%) and amyloidosis (6.2%) associated with plasma cell neoplasms were much lower in our study as compared to published studies.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Multiple Myeloma; Plasmacytoma; Primary Myelofibrosis; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; Retrospective Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Plasma Cells
PubMed: 38148011
DOI: 10.3960/jslrt.23029