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FEMS Microbiology Ecology Feb 2024Sponges are abundant components of coral reefs known for their filtration capabilities and intricate interactions with microbes. They play a crucial role in maintaining...
Sponges are abundant components of coral reefs known for their filtration capabilities and intricate interactions with microbes. They play a crucial role in maintaining the ecological balance of coral reefs. Humic substances (HS) affect bacterial communities across terrestrial, freshwater, and marine ecosystems. However, the specific effects of HS on sponge-associated microbial symbionts have largely been neglected. Here, we used a randomized-controlled microcosm setup to investigate the independent and interactive effects of HS, elevated temperature, and UVB radiation on bacterial communities associated with the sponge Chondrilla sp. Our results indicated the presence of a core bacterial community consisting of relatively abundant members, apparently resilient to the tested environmental perturbations, alongside a variable bacterial community. Elevated temperature positively affected the relative abundances of ASVs related to Planctomycetales and members of the families Pseudohongiellaceae and Hyphomonadaceae. HS increased the relative abundances of several ASVs potentially involved in recalcitrant organic matter degradation (e.g., the BD2-11 terrestrial group, Saccharimonadales, and SAR202 clade). There was no significant independent effect of UVB and there were no significant interactive effects of HS, heat, and UVB on bacterial diversity and composition. The significant, independent impact of HS on the composition of sponge bacterial communities suggests that alterations to HS inputs may have cascading effects on adjacent marine ecosystems.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Humic Substances; Ecosystem; Temperature; Porifera; Asteraceae; Isoquinolines; Sulfonamides
PubMed: 38366951
DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiae022 -
The ISME Journal Jan 2024Sponges largely depend on their symbiotic microbes for their nutrition, health, and survival. This is especially true in high microbial abundance (HMA) sponges, where...
Sponges largely depend on their symbiotic microbes for their nutrition, health, and survival. This is especially true in high microbial abundance (HMA) sponges, where filtration is usually deprecated in favor of a larger association with prokaryotic symbionts. Sponge-microbiome association is substantially less understood for deep-sea sponges than for shallow water species. This is most unfortunate, since HMA sponges can form massive sponge grounds in the deep sea, where they dominate the ecosystems, driving their biogeochemical cycles. Here, we assess the microbial transcriptional profile of three different deep-sea HMA sponges in four locations of the Cantabrian Sea and compared them to shallow water HMA and LMA (low microbial abundance) sponge species. Our results reveal that the sponge microbiome has converged in a fundamental metabolic role for deep-sea sponges, independent of taxonomic relationships or geographic location, which is shared in broad terms with shallow HMA species. We also observed a large number of redundant microbial members performing the same functions, likely providing stability to the sponge inner ecosystem. A comparison between the community composition of our deep-sea sponges and another 39 species of HMA sponges from deep-sea and shallow habitats, belonging to the same taxonomic orders, suggested strong homogeneity in microbial composition (i.e. weak species-specificity) in deep sea species, which contrasts with that observed in shallow water counterparts. This convergence in microbiome composition and functionality underscores the adaptation to an extremely restrictive environment with the aim of exploiting the available resources.
Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Microbiota; Water; Porifera
PubMed: 38365260
DOI: 10.1093/ismejo/wrad030 -
International Immunopharmacology Mar 2024Cyanogramide (AC14), a novel alkaloid, isolated from the fermentation broth of the marine-derived Actinoalloteichus cyanogriseus. However, the exact role of AC14 in...
Cyanogramide (AC14), a novel alkaloid, isolated from the fermentation broth of the marine-derived Actinoalloteichus cyanogriseus. However, the exact role of AC14 in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is poorly understood. Our results demonstrated that AC14 exhibited significant inhibition of IL-6 release in THP-1 cells and a "Caco-2/THP-1" coculture system after stimulation with LPS for 24 h. However, no significant effect on TNF-α production was observed. Furthermore, in 2.5 % DSS-induced colitis mice, AC14 treatment led to improvement in body weight, colon length, and intestine mucosal barrier integrity. AC14 also suppressed serum IL-6 production and modulated dysregulated microbiota in the mice. Mechanistically, AC14 was found to inhibit the phosphorylation of Janus kinase (JAK) 2 and signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) 3, while simultaneously elevating the expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) 3, both in vivo and in vitro. These findings suggest that AC14 exerts its suppressive effects on IL-6 production in DSS-induced IBD mice through the JAK2-STAT3-SOCS3 signaling pathway. Our study highlights the potential of AC14 as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of IBD.
Topics: Humans; Mice; Animals; Interleukin-6; Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 Protein; Caco-2 Cells; Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Janus Kinase 2; Antineoplastic Agents; Porifera; Alkaloids; STAT3 Transcription Factor
PubMed: 38350353
DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111576 -
Scientific Reports Jan 2024The crude extract of Hemimycale sp. marine sponge was evaluated as a cytotoxic drug against different cell lines; whereas it exhibited promising selective activity...
The crude extract of Hemimycale sp. marine sponge was evaluated as a cytotoxic drug against different cell lines; whereas it exhibited promising selective activity toward the breast cancer cell line only with IC value 199.6 ± 0.00512 µg/ml. Moreover, its cytotoxic activity against the breast cancer cell line was reevaluated upon forming total extract-loaded niosomes. This revealed an IC value of 44.35 ± 0.011128 µg/ml, indicating the potential contribution of niosomes in boosting cell penetration and activity as a result. Owing to highlight the bioactive constituents responsible for the cytotoxic activity, metabolomics profiling of Hemimycale sp. was performed using liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC-HR-ESI-MS) revealing tentative identification of phytoconstituents clusters like as, diterpenes, sesterterpenes and sterols. Additionally, the cytotoxic activity of the crude extract was explained on the molecular level, whereas the dereplicated compounds were evaluated in silico against the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor tyrosine kinase (EGFR). The sesterterpenoid derivatives phorbaketal A acetate (12) and secoepoxy ansellone A (13) together with mycalol-522 (17) showed the best binding energy.
Topics: Animals; Liposomes; Porifera; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Antineoplastic Agents; Plant Extracts
PubMed: 38291122
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52918-3 -
Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao = Chinese... Jan 2024'Zhizhang Guhong Chongcui' is a new cultivar of with cross-cultivar group characteristics. It has typical characteristics of cinnabar purple cultivar group and green...
'Zhizhang Guhong Chongcui' is a new cultivar of with cross-cultivar group characteristics. It has typical characteristics of cinnabar purple cultivar group and green calyx cultivar group. It has green calyx, white flower, and light purple xylem, but the mechanism remains unclear. In order to clarify the causes of its cross-cultivar group traits, the color phenotype, anthocyanin content and the expression levels of genes related to anthocyanin synthesis pathway of 'Zhizhang Guhong Chongcui', 'Yuxi Zhusha' and 'Yuxi Bian Lü'e' were determined. It was found that the red degree of petals, sepals and fresh xylem in branches was positively correlated with the total anthocyanin content. , , and were the key transcription factor genes that affected the redness of the three cultivars of flowers and xylem. The transcription factors further promoted the high expression of structural genes , , and , thereby promoting the production of red traits. Combined with phenotype, anthocyanin content and qRT-PCR results, it was speculated that the white color of petals of 'Zhizhang Guhong Chongcui' were derived from the high expression of , , and genes in other branches of cyanidin synthesis pathway, and the low expression of gene. The green color of sepals might be originated from the relatively low expression of , and genes. The red color of xylem might be derived from the high expression of and genes. This study made a preliminary explanation for the characteristics of the cross-cultivar group of 'Zhizhang Guhong Chongcui', and provided a reference for molecular breeding of flower color and xylem color of .
Topics: Animals; Anthocyanins; DNA Shuffling; Flowers; Porifera; Prunus; Glutamine; Plant Extracts
PubMed: 38258644
DOI: 10.13345/j.cjb.230287 -
Biology Dec 2023As a result of climate change, the Mediterranean Sea has been exposed to an increase in the frequency and intensity of marine heat waves in the last decades, some of...
As a result of climate change, the Mediterranean Sea has been exposed to an increase in the frequency and intensity of marine heat waves in the last decades, some of which caused mass mortality events of benthic invertebrates, including sponges. Sponges are an important component of benthic ecosystems and can be the dominant group in some rocky shallow-water areas in the Mediterranean Sea. In this study, we exposed the common shallow-water Mediterranean sponge (Demospongiae: Chondrillidae) to six different temperatures for 24 h, ranging from temperatures experienced in the field during the year (15, 19, 22, 26, and 28 °C) to above normal temperatures (32 °C) and metabolic traits (respiration and clearance rate) were measured. Both respiration and clearance rates were affected by temperature. Respiration rates increased at higher temperatures but were similar between the 26 and 32 °C treatments. Clearance rates decreased at temperatures >26 °C, indicating a drop in food intake that was not reflected by respiration rates. This decline in feeding, while maintaining high respiration rates, may indicate a negative energy balance that could affect this species under chronic or repeated thermal stress exposure. will probably be a vulnerable species under climate change conditions, affecting its metabolic performance, ecological functioning and the ecosystem services it provides.
PubMed: 38248440
DOI: 10.3390/biology13010009 -
The Science of the Total Environment Mar 2024Ocean Acidification (OA) profoundly impacts marine biochemistry, resulting in a net loss of biodiversity. Porifera are often forecasted as winner taxa, yet the...
Ocean Acidification (OA) profoundly impacts marine biochemistry, resulting in a net loss of biodiversity. Porifera are often forecasted as winner taxa, yet the strategies to cope with OA can vary and may generate diverse fitness status. In this study, microbial shifts based on the V-V 16S rRNA gene marker were compared across neighboring Chondrosia reniformis sponges with high microbial abundance (HMA), and Spirastrella cunctatrix with low microbial abundance (LMA) microbiomes. Sponge holobionts co-occurred in a CO vent system with low pH (pHT ~ 7.65), and a control site with Ambient pH (pHT ~ 8.05) off Ischia Island, representing natural analogues to study future OA, and species' responses in the face of global environmental change. Microbial diversity and composition varied in both species across sites, yet at different levels. Increased numbers of core taxa were detected in S. cunctatrix, and a more diverse and flexible core microbiome was reported in C. reniformis under OA. Vent S. cunctatrix showed morphological impairment, along with signs of putative stress-induced dysbiosis, manifested by: 1) increases in alpha diversity, 2) shifts from sponge related microbes towards seawater microbes, and 3) high dysbiosis scores. Chondrosia reniformis in lieu, showed no morphological variation, low dysbiosis scores, and experienced a reduction in alpha diversity and less number of core taxa in vent specimens. Therefore, C. reniformis is hypothesized to maintain an state of normobiosis and acclimatize to OA, thanks to a more diverse, and likely metabolically versatile microbiome. A consortium of differentially abundant microbes was identified associated to either vent or control sponges, and chiefly related to carbon, nitrogen and sulfur-metabolisms for nutrient cycling and vitamin production, as well as probiotic symbionts in C. reniformis. Diversified symbiont associates supporting functional convergence could be the key behind resilience towards OA, yet specific acclimatization traits should be further investigated.
Topics: Humans; Seawater; Carbon Dioxide; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Dysbiosis; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Microbiota; Phylogeny
PubMed: 38246375
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170171 -
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Dec 2024Marine bacteria living in association with marine sponges have proven to be a reliable source of biologically active secondary metabolites. However, no studies have yet...
Marine bacteria living in association with marine sponges have proven to be a reliable source of biologically active secondary metabolites. However, no studies have yet reported natural products from Microbacterium testaceum spp. We herein report the isolation of a M. testaceum strain from the sponge Tedania brasiliensis. Molecular networking analysis of bioactive pre-fractionated extracts from culture media of M. testaceum enabled the discovery of testacosides A-D. Analysis of spectroscopic data and chemical derivatizations allowed the identification of testacosides A-D as glycoglycerolipids bearing a 1-[α-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-(α-mannopyranosyl)]-glycerol moiety connected to 12-methyltetradecanoic acid for testacoside A (1), 14-methylpentadecanoic acid for testacoside B (2), and 14-methylhexadecanoic acid for testacosides C (3) and D (4). The absolute configuration of the monosaccharide residues was determined by H-NMR analysis of the respective diastereomeric thiazolidine derivatives. This is the first report of natural products isolated from cultures of M. testaceum. KEY POINTS: • The first report of metabolites produced by Microbacterium testaceum. • 1-[α-Glucopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-(α-mannopyranosyl)]-glycerol lipids isolated and identified. • Microbacterium testaceum strain isolated from the sponge Tedania brasiliensis.
Topics: Animals; Glycerol; Porifera; Actinomycetales; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Biological Products; Microbacterium; Glycolipids
PubMed: 38217254
DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12870-0 -
Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genetiki I Selektsii Oct 2023The diversity of macroinvertebrates, the structure of their communities in Bolshiye Koty Bay (Lake Baikal) was studied by a DNA metabarcoding approach using an Illumina...
The diversity of macroinvertebrates, the structure of their communities in Bolshiye Koty Bay (Lake Baikal) was studied by a DNA metabarcoding approach using an Illumina MiSeq system. Internal primer mlCOIintF in combination with jgHCO2198 of the Folmer fragment of the COI gene were used for macroinvertebrate metabarcoding. A total of 118009 reads of the COI gene fragment (at least 313 bp in length) were obtained. The correlation of the Spearman coefficient (S = 0.6, p<0.05) with the abundance of macroinvertebrates in the samples before DNA extraction showed that the number of reads can serve as an indirect characteristic of the abundance of a species (operational taxonomic unit, OTU). 115 OTUs belonging to the higher taxa of macroinvertebrates were identified: Porifera, 1; Platyhelminthes, 3; Annelida, 38; Arthropoda, 55; Mollusca, 18. At a high level of resolution (with homology with GenBank reference sequences ≥ 95 %, coverage ≥ 90 %), 46 taxa of macroinvertebrates comprising three communities were registered: one dominated by molluscs (Choanomphalus conf. maacki) and two dominated by chironomids (Orthocladius gregarius Linev., Sergentia baicalensis Tshern.). Communities are characterized by low species diversity according to Shannon (from 0.7 to 1.2 bits), high concentration of dominance according to Simpson (from 0.5 to 0.7) and low evenness according to Pielou (from 0.3 to 0.4). Dominants and subdominants in the communities account for 91 to 96 % of COI gene fragment reads. The spatial distribution of the dominant species identified in the communities is influenced by the geomorphological features of the bottom and the composition of sediments in the area studied. The approach proposed for studying the structure of macroinvertebrate communities based on DNA metabarcoding and next generation sequencing can be recommended for express assessment of the state of aquatic ecosystems in the monitoring.
PubMed: 38213463
DOI: 10.18699/VJGB-23-80 -
International Journal of Molecular... Dec 2023The genus sponges are widely distributed and provide shelter for organisms that inhabit reefs. However, there is a lack of research on the genetic diversity of the...
The genus sponges are widely distributed and provide shelter for organisms that inhabit reefs. However, there is a lack of research on the genetic diversity of the sponges. Additionally, only one mitochondrial genome has been documented, leaving the characteristics of the genus's mitogenome in need of further clarification. To address this research gap, we utilized Illumina HiSeq4000 sequencing and de novo assembly to ascertain the complete mitochondrial genome of sp. specimens, sourced from the South China Sea. Our analysis of the barcoding similarity and phylogenetic relationship reveals that taxonomically, the sp. corresponds to . The mitogenome of is 20,885 bp in length, encoding 14 protein-coding genes, 24 transfer RNA genes, and 2 ribosomal RNA genes. Through a comparison of the mitochondrial genes, we discovered that both and have an identical gene arrangement. Furthermore, we observed a deletion in the gene and duplication and remodeling of the gene in the 's mitogenome. Our evolutionary analysis also identified lineage-specific positive selection sites in the and genes of the sponges' mitogenome. These findings shed light on the gene rearrangement events and positive selection sites in the mitogenome of , providing valuable molecular insights into the evolutionary processes of this genus.
Topics: Animals; Agelas; Genome, Mitochondrial; Phylogeny; Bandages; China
PubMed: 38203529
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010357