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Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2023Hepatic coccidiosis is an infectious and mortal disease that causes global economic losses in rabbits. The research aimed to assess the efficacy of leaf extracts on the...
Hepatic coccidiosis is an infectious and mortal disease that causes global economic losses in rabbits. The research aimed to assess the efficacy of leaf extracts on the inhibition of oocysts and to determine the optimal dosage for suppressing the parasite's infective phase. In this experiment, oocyst samples per milliliter were tested, and 6-well plates (2 mL) of 2.5% potassium dichromate solution containing 10 non-sporulated oocysts on leaf extracts were exposed after 24, 48, 72, and 96 h, and the treatments were as follows: a nontreated control, 25%, 50%, 100%, and 150% of for oocyst activities. In addition, amprolium was utilized as a reference drug. The was analyzed by GC-Mass, and results showed that the botanical extract contained 9 chemical components that were able to inhibit the oocysts of at 100% and 150% concentrations by about 78% and 93%, respectively. In general, an increase in the incubation period and a greater dose resulted in a decrease in the inhibition rate. The results showed that has an effective ability, inhibitory potential, and protective effect on the coccidian oocyst sporulation of . It can be used in the disinfection and sterilization of poultry and rabbit houses to get rid of oocysts.
Topics: Animals; Rabbits; Eimeria; Calotropis; Oocysts; Coccidiosis; Poultry Diseases; Chickens
PubMed: 37110585
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083352 -
American Journal of Cancer Research 2023URI, a prefoldin family member, has been implicated roles in cancer development. We have previously shown that URI can attenuate DNA damage in gastric cancer cells...
URI, a prefoldin family member, has been implicated roles in cancer development. We have previously shown that URI can attenuate DNA damage in gastric cancer cells treated with potassium dichromate. The aim of this study was to investigate how URI involves cisplatin-induced DNA damage response (DDR) in gastric cancer cells and its possible mechanism relating to the ATM/CHK2 pathway. Here, MGC-803 and SGC-7901 gastric cancer cells were treated with different concentrations of cisplatin. Comet assay was used to detect DNA damage and the results confirmed the dose-effect of cisplatin-induced DNA damage in gastric cancer cells. knockdown cell lines were established with siRNA transfection. Cell viability and proliferation were detected by counting kit 8 (CCK-8) and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) assays respectively. Apoptosis and cell cycle were analyzed by flow cytometry. The results indicated that URI knockdown increased the sensitivity of cells to cisplatin by inhibiting proliferation and promoting apoptosis. The levels of P-ATM, P-CHK2 and γH2AX were detected by Western blot. Increased levels of P-ATM, P-CHK2, and γH2AX were observed in cisplatin treated cells, indicating that cisplatin induced a DNA damage response (DDR). knockdown in cisplatin-treated cells significantly decreased the levels of P-ATM and P-CHK2 at 12 hours, but not at 0 and 6 hours after drug withdrawal, while significantly increased γH2AX levels were detected at 6 hours, but not at 0 and 12 hours after drug withdrawal compared with the control cells. However, the levels of γH2AX were significantly increased in knockdown cells after cisplatin treatment for 12 hours. The cell cycle analysis showed that the number of cells entering S phase was significantly reduced and the cells were arrested in the G1 phase in -silenced cisplatin-exposed cells, indicating that cell cycle progression was inhibited. In conclusion, our results suggest that URI is involved in the cisplatin-induced DNA damage response via the ATM/CHK2 pathway, and silencing URI can increase cisplatin-induced DNA damage and enhance drug sensitivity in gastric cancer cells.
PubMed: 37034221
DOI: No ID Found -
Frontiers in Bioengineering and... 2023The Bouguer-Lambert-Beer law is widely used as the fundamental equation for quantification in absorption spectroscopy. However, deviations from the Bouguer-Lambert-Beer...
The Bouguer-Lambert-Beer law is widely used as the fundamental equation for quantification in absorption spectroscopy. However, deviations from the Bouguer-Lambert-Beer law have also been observed, such as chemical deviation and light scattering effect. While it has been proven and shown that the Bouguer-Lambert-Beer law is valid only under very restricted limitations, there are only a few alternatives of analytical models to this law. Based on the observation in the experiments, we propose a novel model to solve the problem of chemical deviation and light scattering effect. To test the proposed model, a systematic verification was conducted using potassium dichromate solutions and two types of microalgae suspensions with varying concentrations and path lengths. Our proposed model demonstrated excellent performance, with a correlation coefficient ( ) exceeding 0.995 for all tested materials, significantly surpassing the Bouguer-Lambert-Beer law, which had an as low as 0.94. Our results confirm that the absorbance of pure pigment solutions follows the Bouguer-Lambert-Beer law, while the microalgae suspensions do not due to the light scattering effect. We also show that this scattering effect leads to huge deviations for the commonly used linear scaling of the spectra, and we provide a better solution based on the proposed model. This work provides a powerful tool for chemical analysis and especially for the quantification of microorganisms, such as the concentration of biomass or intracellular biomolecules. Not only the high accuracy but also the simplicity of the model makes it a practical alternative to the existing Bouguer-Lambert-Beer law.
PubMed: 37008024
DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1116735 -
Frontiers in Bioengineering and... 2023Bioethanol is believed to be an influential revolutionary gift of biotechnology, owing to its elevating global demand and massive production. Pakistan is home to a rich...
Bioethanol is believed to be an influential revolutionary gift of biotechnology, owing to its elevating global demand and massive production. Pakistan is home to a rich diversity of halophytic flora, convertible into bounteous volumes of bioethanol. On the other hand, the accessibility to the cellulosic part of biomass is a major bottleneck in the successful application of biorefinery processes. The most common pre-treatment procedures existent include physicochemical and chemical approaches, which are not environmentally benign. To overcome these problems, biological pre-treatment has gained importance but the drawback is the low yield of the extracted monosaccharides. The current research was aimed at exploring the best pre-treatment method for the bioconversion of halophyte into saccharides using three thermostable cellulases. was subjected to acid, alkali and microwave pre-treatments, followed by compositional analysis of the pre-treated substrates. Maximum delignification i.e. 56.6% was observed in the substrate pre-treated using 3% HCl. Enzymatic saccharification using thermostable cellulases also validated the results where the highest saccharification yield i.e. 39.5% was observed for the sample pre-treated using same. Maximum enzymatic hydrolysis of 52.7% was obtained for 0.40 g of the pre-treated halophyte where Endo-1,4- -glucanase (300U), Exo-1,4- -glucanase (400U) and -1,4-glucosidase (1000U) were simultaneously added and incubated for 6 h at 75°C. The reducing sugar slurry obtained after optimization of saccharification was utilized as glucose in submerged fermentation for bioethanol production. The fermentation medium was inoculated with incubated at 30°C and 180 rpm for 96 h. Ethanol production was estimated using potassium dichromate method. Maximum production of bioethanol i.e. 16.33% was noted at 72 h. It can be concluded from the study that owing to its high cellulosic content after pre-treatment using dilute acid method, yields substantial amount of reducing sugars and high saccharification rates when subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis using thermostable cellulases, under optimized reaction conditions. Hence, the halophyte is a beneficial substrate that can be utilized to extract fermentable saccharides for bioethanol production.
PubMed: 36896009
DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1135424 -
Inflammopharmacology Jun 2023Potassium dichromate (PD) is an environmental xenobiotic commonly recognized as teratogenic, carcinogenic, and mutagenic in animals and humans. The present study was...
Potassium dichromate (PD) is an environmental xenobiotic commonly recognized as teratogenic, carcinogenic, and mutagenic in animals and humans. The present study was conducted to investigate the role of tangeretin (TNG) as a neuro-protective drug against PD-induced brain injury in rats. Thirty-two male adult Wistar rats were blindly divided into four groups (8 rats/group). The first group received saline intranasally (i.n.). The second group received a single dose of PD (2 mg/kg, i.n.). The third group received TNG (50 mg/kg; orally), for 14 days followed by i.n. of PD on the last day of the experiment. The fourth group received TNG (100 mg/kg; orally) for 14 days followed by i.n. of PD on the last day of the experiment. Behavioral indices were evaluated 18 h after PD administration. Neuro-biochemical indices and histopathological studies were evaluated 24 h after PD administration. Results of the present study revealed that rats intoxicated with PD induced- oxidative stress and inflammation via an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) and a decrease in nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway and glutathione(GSH) levels with an increase in brain contents of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL-6). Pre-treatment with TNG (100 mg/kg; orally) ameliorated behavior, cholinergic activities, and oxidative stress and decreased the elevated levels of pro-inflammatory mediators; TNF-α and IL-6 with a decrease in brain content of chromium residues detected by Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometer. Also, the histopathological picture of the brain was improved significantly in rats that received TNG (100 mg/kg). Additionally, TNG decreased caspase-3 expression in the brain of PD rats. In conclusion, TNG possesses a significant neuroprotective role against PD-induced acute brain injury via modulating the Nrf2 signaling pathway and quenching the release of inflammatory mediators and apoptosis in rats.
Topics: Humans; Rats; Male; Animals; Rats, Wistar; NF-E2-Related Factor 2; Neuroprotective Agents; Inflammation Mediators; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Chromium; Interleukin-6; Signal Transduction; Oxidative Stress; Glutathione; Brain Injuries; Apoptosis
PubMed: 36884189
DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01167-3 -
Biological Trace Element Research Nov 2023Lactoferrin (LCF), a potent naturally occurring antioxidant, is a crucial component in preventing potassium dichromate (PDC) toxicity. The goal of the current work was...
Lactoferrin (LCF), a potent naturally occurring antioxidant, is a crucial component in preventing potassium dichromate (PDC) toxicity. The goal of the current work was to study the potential efficacy of LCF in preventing PDC(CrVI)-induced testicular toxicity and oxidative injury in rats. Six groups of male rats of Wistar stain were randomly categorized into: group 1, which served as the control; group 2 and 3 received LCF (200 and 300 mg/kg orally, respectively); group 4 received PDC (2 mg/kg i.p.); group 5 and 6 pretreated with LCF, followed by PDC as in group 4 with 90 min apart for 28 days. PDC-intoxicated rats showed a significantly altered spermogram with abnormal sperm morphology. PDC significantly upregulated serum FSH and downregulated testosterone levels. Additionally, PDC decreased the levels of testicular key antioxidant biomarkers (catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione (GSH)) with elevated lipid peroxidation marker (TBARS) and testicular chromium content. Moreover, it upregulated testicular proinflammatory cytokines, IL-1, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α, induced histopathological changes in testes with significant immunohistochemical expression of FasL and moderate expression of Nrf2. Pretreatment with LCF significantly mitigated PDC-induced testicular toxicity by enhancing spermogram, improving hormonal levels, restoring testicular oxidant/antioxidant balance, and decreasing testicular IL-1, IL6, IL-10, and TNFα levels, and amending both FasL and Nrf2 immunohistochemical-expression. Additionally, LCF improved testicular histopathological picture and spermatogenesis. Our results highlight the importance of LCF as a superior protective modulator of PDC-induced testicular injury.
Topics: Rats; Male; Animals; Testis; Antioxidants; Lactoferrin; Interleukin-10; Chromium; NF-E2-Related Factor 2; Rats, Wistar; Semen; Oxidative Stress; Glutathione; Potassium Dichromate; Interleukin-1
PubMed: 36877398
DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03605-3 -
Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal Feb 2023
Topics: Humans; Potassium Dichromate; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact
PubMed: 36865427
DOI: 10.18295/squmj.5.2022.037 -
Scientific Reports Mar 2023Daphnia magna is an important organism in ecotoxicity studies because it is sensitive to toxic substances and easy to culture in laboratory conditions. Its locomotory...
Daphnia magna is an important organism in ecotoxicity studies because it is sensitive to toxic substances and easy to culture in laboratory conditions. Its locomotory responses as a biomarker are highlighted in many studies. Over the last several years, multiple high-throughput video tracking systems have been developed to measure the locomotory responses of Daphnia magna. These high-throughput systems, used for high-speed analysis of multiple organisms, are essential for efficiently testing ecotoxicity. However, existing systems are lacking in speed and accuracy. Specifically, speed is affected in the biomarker detection stage. This study aimed to develop a faster and better high-throughput video tracking system using machine learning methods. The video tracking system consisted of a constant temperature module, natural pseudo-light, multi-flow cell, and an imaging camera for recording videos. To measure Daphnia magna movements, we developed a tracking algorithm for automatic background subtraction using k-means clustering, Daphnia classification using machine learning methods (random forest and support vector machine), and tracking each Daphnia magna location using the simple online real-time tracking algorithm. The proposed tracking system with random forest performed the best in terms of identification (ID) precision, ID recall, ID F1 measure, and ID switches, with scores of 79.64%, 80.63%, 78.73%, and 16, respectively. Moreover, it was faster than existing tracking systems such as Lolitrack and Ctrax. We conducted an experiment to observe the impact of toxicants on behavioral responses. Toxicity was measured manually in the laboratory and automatically using the high-throughput video tracking system. The median effective concentration of Potassium dichromate measured in the laboratory and using the device was 1.519 and 1.414, respectively. Both measurements conformed to the guideline provided by the Environmental Protection Agency of the United States; therefore, our method can be used for water quality monitoring. Finally, we observed Daphnia magna behavioral responses in different concentrations after 0, 12, 18, and 24 h and found that there was a difference in movement according to the concentration at all hours.
Topics: United States; Animals; Daphnia; Locomotion; Algorithms; Cluster Analysis; Machine Learning
PubMed: 36864205
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27554-y -
Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences Mar 2023Hexavalent chromium, toxic heavy metal, among the top-rated environmental contaminants, is declared a potent endocrine disruptor in humans and animals. The present study...
Hexavalent chromium, toxic heavy metal, among the top-rated environmental contaminants, is declared a potent endocrine disruptor in humans and animals. The present study was planned to find harmful effects on the reproductive system caused by Cr (VI) and the ameliorative effect of and -mediated AgNP on male mice (). In the present study, known infertility medicine, clomiphene citrate is also used as a positive control. The main objective of the present study was to assess the ameliorative potential of oral administration of a dose of 50 mg/kg BW clomiphene citrate (control), AgNP via chemical synthesis, seed extract, and -mediated AgNP against the Cr (VI) at the dose of 1.5 mg/kg BW from KCrO orally induced toxicity over eight weeks on the reproductive performance of male albino mice. mediated AgNPs were characterized by UV, SEM, FTIR, and XRD. The histological analysis, smear study, antioxidant capacity test, and hormone analysis were conducted by blood samples of albino mice. Cr exposed groups showed a significant decrease in sperm head breadth (5.29 ± 0.54 µ) and length (19.54 ± 1.18 µ), middle piece length, tail length, LH (1.65 ± 0.15 ng/mL), testosterone (2.63 ± 0.29 ng/mL), SOD (61.40 ± 2.48 mmol/mL), CAT (87.40 ± 6.01 mmol/mL), GSH (1.54 ± 0.09 µmol/mL), and no of spermatogonia (1.22 ± 0.25), and spermatocytes (2.33 ± 0.943). However, FSH level (160.00 ± 4.98 ng/mL), seminiferous tubule CSA (1094.69 ± 49.76 mm), size of spermatogonia (41.30 ± 1.24 µ), and spermatocytes (26.07 ± 1.34 µ) were significantly increased. Administration of and -mediated AgNPs reduced the toxicity.
PubMed: 36860759
DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103570 -
Veterinary Sciences Jan 2023spp. causes eimeriosis in the guts of numerous domestic mammals and poultry, and the employment of medication and the effects of certain aspects of synthetic...
spp. causes eimeriosis in the guts of numerous domestic mammals and poultry, and the employment of medication and the effects of certain aspects of synthetic anticoccidials in the treatment of eimeriosis have given rise to the appearance of resistant parasites that require the search for alternate remedies. Natural products, which are safe and have no negative impact on the environment, may be utilized in the therapy of an enormous range of parasitic infections. This research aimed to assess the effectiveness of VVLE on the oocyst sporulation of an infection in the mouse jejunum. In addition, obtaining the ideal concentration will interrupt the parasite's life cycle and limit infection. In vitro: Collected unsporulated oocysts (1 × 10) of were given six different concentrations (/) of leaf extract (10, 25, 50, 100, 150, and 200 mg/mL) and toltrazuril (25 mg/mL), three replicates per group, whereas the control group received 2.5% potassium dichromate solution. In vivo: The mice were separated into six groups; the first and second groups did not receive infection, whilst the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth groups were each given 1 × 10 sporulated oocysts of in the experiment. In addition, an oral dosage of 100 and 200 mg/kg VVLE were given to the fourth and fifth groups, while the sixth group was given toltrazuril at 25 mg/kg. On the fifth day, unpopulated oocysts were collected from each mouse separately. The incubation period and treatments had considerable impacts on the rate of sporulation. The infrared spectroscopy of extract revealed many expected active classes of chemical compounds. Further, the infection of mice with caused an oocyst output of nearly 2 × 10 oocysts/g of faeces. VVLE significantly decreased the oocyst output to nearly 88%. In addition, we detected an inhibitory effect on the sporulation (%) and harm (%) of oocysts in a dosage-dependent modality compared with the control group. Furthermore, they destroyed the oocyst morphology in terms of the shape, size, and quantity of sporocysts. The results indicate that grape vines have powerful activity as anticoccidials.
PubMed: 36851401
DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10020097