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3 Biotech May 2022Arsenic and chromium are the most common environmental toxicants prevailing in nature. Hence, the present study endeavors to investigate the salutary effects of Coenzyme...
Arsenic and chromium are the most common environmental toxicants prevailing in nature. Hence, the present study endeavors to investigate the salutary effects of Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), Biochanin A (BCA), and Phloretin (PHL) on the combined neurotoxic impact of arsenic and chromium in the mice (). Sodium meta-arsenite (100 ppm) and potassium dichromate (75 ppm) were given orally in conjugation with CoQ10 (10 mg/kg), BCA & PHL (50 mg/kg each) in accordance with body weight per day for the 2 weeks experimental duration. Weight reduction was figured out in the exposed toxic group of arsenic and chromium in contrast with the comparison group (control), and with the selected anti-oxidants treatment, it rose significantly to the basal status ( < 0.05). The concentration of arsenic and chromium was reduced significantly ( < 0.001) amidst all the natural compounds co-medicated groups. Anti-oxidant indicators, viz. lipid peroxidation (LPO) and protein carbonyl content (PCC), were found elevated, with reduction observed in the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione -transferase (GST), and total thiols (TT) in the arsenic and chromium, co-exposed mice. The alterations in redox homeostasis were well corroborated with the estimations of cholinesterase's enzymes ( < 0.05) along with DNA fragmentation assay and altered Nrf2 signaling. The administration of CoQ10, BCA, and PHL ameliorated the effects of arsenic and chromium induced oxidative stress in the exposed mice. Our research unfolds the remedial outcome of these natural compounds contrary to the combined arsenic and chromium associated-neurotoxicity in the experimental model.
PubMed: 35547012
DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03171-w -
Actas Dermo-sifiliograficas Mar 2022Hand eczema is common in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD), but few studies have described the characteristics of these patients in large, representative populations...
BACKGROUND
Hand eczema is common in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD), but few studies have described the characteristics of these patients in large, representative populations from different geographic regions and occupational settings.
OBJECTIVE
To describe the epidemiological, clinical, and allergy profile of patients with hand eczema who underwent patch testing and compare patients with and without AD.
METHODS
Analysis of data from the Spanish Contact Dermatitis Registry, a multicenter registry of patients who undergo patch testing in Spain.
RESULTS
We included 1466 patients with hand eczema who were patch tested between January 2018 and June 2020. Those with AD were younger and had had symptoms for longer before testing. They were also more likely to have been exposed to occupational triggers (38% vs 53% for patients without AD). The only profession for which significant differences were found was hairdressing. The most common allergens were nickel sulfate, methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone, cobalt chloride, potassium dichromate, fragrance mixes I and II, and formaldehyde. The most common diagnoses were allergic contact dermatitis (24% vs 31% in patients with and without AD, P=.0224) and irritant contact dermatitis (18% and 35% respectively, P<.001).
CONCLUSIONS
AD is common in patients with predominant hand eczema who undergo patch testing. Patients with hand eczema and AD have different clinical and epidemiological characteristics to hand eczema patients in general and their final diagnosis following patch testing is also different.
Topics: Allergens; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Dermatitis, Atopic; Eczema; Hand Dermatoses; Humans; Patch Tests; Registries; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 35526918
DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2021.10.002 -
Analytical Chemistry May 2022The inner filter effect (IFE) hinders fluorescence measurements, limiting linear dependence of fluorescence signals to low sample concentrations. Modern microplate...
The inner filter effect (IFE) hinders fluorescence measurements, limiting linear dependence of fluorescence signals to low sample concentrations. Modern microplate readers allow movement of the optical element in the vertical axis, changing the relative position of the focus and thus the sample geometry. The proposed -position IFE correction method requires only two fluorescence measurements at different known vertical axis positions (-positions) of the optical element for the same sample. Samples of quinine sulfate, both pure and in mixtures with potassium dichromate, showed a linear dependence of corrected fluorescence on fluorophore concentration ( > 0.999), up to ≈ 2 and ≈ 0.5. The correction extended linear fluorescence response over ≈98% of the concentration range with ≈1% deviation of the calibration slope, effectively eliminating the need for sample dilution or separate absorbance measurements to account for IFE. The companion numerical IFE correction method further eliminates the need for any geometric parameters with similar results. Both methods are available online at https://ninfe.science.
Topics: Fluorescent Dyes; Spectrometry, Fluorescence
PubMed: 35502461
DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01031 -
Food Chemistry: X Mar 2022Effect of tea pruning litter biochar (TPLBC) on arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd) and chromium (Cr) content in made tea and successive tea infusions were investigated in a...
Effect of tea pruning litter biochar (TPLBC) on arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd) and chromium (Cr) content in made tea and successive tea infusions were investigated in a greenhouse experiment with two tea cultivars (TV23 and S.3A/3). Made tea prepared from TV23 and S.3A/3 clone, a decrease in the concentration of As, Cd, and Cr by 36.73%, 16.22%, 13.96%, and 36.63%, 27.78%, 10.54%, respectively over control on the application of the highest dose of TPLBC (500 kg TPLBC ha). Irrespective of treatments, studied element concentrations were significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) in the first infusion and lower in the third. Considering Ten g made tea consumption per person per day, the maximum average daily intakes of As, Cd and Cr in a higher dose of TPLBC were far below the tolerable weekly intake prescribed by the World Health Organization. As hazard quotient values of selected elements were ≪ 1, no significant adverse health consequences are expected for tea consumers.
PubMed: 35498976
DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100255 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2022Bisphenol A (BPA), a well-known xenoestrogen, is commonly utilised in the production of polycarbonate plastics. Based on the existing evidence, BPA is known to induce...
Silibinin and Naringenin against Bisphenol A-Induced Neurotoxicity in Zebrafish Model-Potential Flavonoid Molecules for New Drug Design, Development, and Therapy for Neurological Disorders.
Bisphenol A (BPA), a well-known xenoestrogen, is commonly utilised in the production of polycarbonate plastics. Based on the existing evidence, BPA is known to induce neurotoxicity and behavioural issues. Flavonoids such as silibinin and naringenin have been shown to have biological activity against a variety of illnesses. The current research evaluates the neuropharmacological effects of silibinin and naringenin in a zebrafish model against neurotoxicity and oxidative stress caused by Bisphenol A. In this study, a novel tank diving test (NTDT) and light−dark preference test (LDPT) were used in neurobehavioural investigations. The experimental protocol was planned to last 21 days. The neuroprotective effects of silibinin (10 μM) and naringenin (10 μM) in zebrafish (Danio rerio) induced by BPA (17.52 μM) were investigated. In the brine shrimp lethality assay, the 50% fatal concentrations (LC50) were 34.10 μg/mL (silibinin) and 91.33 μg/mL (naringenin) compared to the standard potassium dichromate (13.15 μg/mL). The acute toxicity investigation found no mortality or visible abnormalities in the silibinin- and naringenin-treated groups (LC50 > 100 mg/L). The altered scototaxis behaviour in LDPT caused by BPA was reversed by co-supplementation with silibinin and naringenin, as shown by decreases in the number of transitions to the light zone and the duration spent in the light zone. Our findings point to BPA’s neurotoxic potential in causing altered scototaxis and bottom-dwelling behaviour in zebrafish, as well as the usage of silibinin and naringenin as potential neuroprotectants.
Topics: Animals; Benzhydryl Compounds; Drug Design; Flavanones; Flavonoids; Neuroprotective Agents; Neurotoxicity Syndromes; Phenols; Silybin; Zebrafish
PubMed: 35458770
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082572 -
Contact Dermatitis Sep 2022Contact allergy and atopic dermatitis (AD) are both common inflammatory T cell-mediated diseases and many factors may influence the prevalence of contact allergy in AD...
BACKGROUND
Contact allergy and atopic dermatitis (AD) are both common inflammatory T cell-mediated diseases and many factors may influence the prevalence of contact allergy in AD patients. In children, their possible correlation was debated with conflicting results.
OBJECTIVES
The present study aimed to assess the prevalence of contact sensitivity in children and to investigate the association with AD.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A retrospective multicentre study on children aged from 0 to 14 years patch tested between January 2017 and December 2018 was performed. Children were consecutively patch tested with the SIDAPA (Società Italiana Dermatologia Allergologica Professionale Ambientale) baseline series.
RESULTS
Among the 432 children investigated for contact allergy, 125 (28.9%) showed a positive reaction to at least one of the allergens tested, with a higher prevalence of positive patch test reactions in girls (32.3%) than in boys (25.0%). The most frequent contact allergens were nickel sulphate (10.2%), cobalt chloride (6.7%), methylisothiazolinone (3.7%), fragrance mix-2 (3.2%), potassium dichromate (2.8%), fragrance mix-1 (2.1%) and methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (2.1%). One-hundred-three children (23.8%) suffered from AD showing a higher prevalence of positive patch test (36.9%) compared to children without AD (26.4%).
CONCLUSIONS
Despite the topic being still controversial, the present study suggests a consistent prevalence of contact allergy among children with higher sensitivity rate among children with AD than without AD.
Topics: Allergens; Child; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Dermatitis, Atopic; Female; Humans; Male; Patch Tests; Potassium Dichromate; Prevalence; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 35451136
DOI: 10.1111/cod.14130 -
PloS One 2022Oral exposure to chromium hexavalent [Cr(VI)] has disastrous impacts and affects many people worldwide. Cr(VI) triggers neurotoxicity via its high oxidation potential by...
Oral exposure to chromium hexavalent [Cr(VI)] has disastrous impacts and affects many people worldwide. Cr(VI) triggers neurotoxicity via its high oxidation potential by generating high amount of ROS. Meanwhile, alginates are known by their chelating activity and ability to bind heavy metals and toxins, in addition to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic activities. So, this study aimed to explore the neuroprotective potential of sodium alginate (SA) against cellular injury, DNA damage, macromolecule alterations, and apoptosis induced by oral ingestion of Cr. Forty Wistar male rats were divided into 4 groups; group I: standard control ingested with the vehicle solution, group II: Cr-intoxicated group received 10 mg/kg b.w. of potassium dichromate orally by gavage and kept without treatment, group III: SA group in which rats were orally exposed to 200 mg/kg b.w. of SA only, and group IV: SA-treated group that received 200 mg/kg b.w. of SA along with Cr for 28 consecutive days. Neurotransmitters such as Acetyl choline esterase (AchE), Monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) concentrations, Dopamine (DA) and 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) levels were assessed in brain homogenate tissues. Neurobiochemical markers; NAD+ and S100B protein were investigated in the brain tissues and serum, respectively. Levels of HSP70, caspase-3, protein profiling were evaluated. DNA damage was determined using the Comet assay. Results revealed a significant reduction in the AchE and MAOA concentrations, DA, 5-HT, and NAD+ levels, with an increase in the S100B protein levels. Cr(VI) altered protein pattern and caused DNA damage. High levels of HSP70 and caspase-3 proteins were observed. Fortunately, oral administration of SA prevented the accumulation of Cr in brain homogenates and significantly improved all investigated parameters. SA attenuated the ROS production and relieved the oxidative stress by its active constituents. SA can protect against cellular and DNA damage and limit apoptosis. SA could be a promising neuroprotective agent against Cr(VI)-inducing toxicity.
Topics: Alginates; Animals; Brain; Caspase 3; Chromium; Male; NAD; Neuroprotective Agents; Oxidative Stress; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reactive Oxygen Species; Serotonin
PubMed: 35421180
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266898 -
Journal of Analytical Methods in... 2022This work utilized the simplicity of a so-called membraneless vaporization (MBL-VP) unit as a gas separator for the colorimetric determination of ethanol in alcoholic...
This work utilized the simplicity of a so-called membraneless vaporization (MBL-VP) unit as a gas separator for the colorimetric determination of ethanol in alcoholic beverages. A beverage sample with a volume of 1 mL was directly injected into a small container which was hung from a lid inside a closed 40 mL reused glass bottle without pretreatment such as distillation. An acidified potassium dichromate (CrO ) acceptor solution, preadded to the glass bottle, was reduced to Chromium (III) ion by the diffusion of vaporized ethanol from the sample. After 5 min, the absorbing solution was collected for colorimetric detection at 590 nm. The unit manually quantifies ethanol in the range 1.0-90% (v/v) with satisfactory interday precision but without matrix effect (recovery 89-109%). The method was validated with the conventional distillation/pycnometer method which showed no significant difference of ethanol contents between those two methods and the declared values of 12 alcoholic beverages, indicating sufficient accuracy. Analyses of alcoholic beverages using this method were successful with benefits of simplicity, cheapness, and less energy consumption.
PubMed: 35402059
DOI: 10.1155/2022/7346253 -
Comparative Biochemistry and... Jun 2022The skin being a passive biological barrier that defends the organism against harmful external factors is also a site of action of the system responding to stress. It...
The skin being a passive biological barrier that defends the organism against harmful external factors is also a site of action of the system responding to stress. It appears that melatonin (Mel) and its biologically active metabolite AFMK (N1-acetyl-N2-formyl-5-methoxykynuramine), both known as effective antioxidants, together with cortisol, set up a local (cutaneous) stress response system (CSRS) of fish, similar to that of mammals. Herein we comment on recent studies on CSRS in fish and show the response of three-spined stickleback skin to oxidative stress induced by potassium dichromate. Our study indicates that exposure of the three-spined stickleback to KCrO affects Mel and cortisol levels and pigment dispersion in melanophores in the skin. In our opinion, an increased concentration of Mel and cortisol in the skin may be the strategy to cope with oxidative stress, where both components act locally to prevent damage caused by active oxygen molecules. Furthermore, the pigment dispersion may be a valuable, easy-to-observe mark of oxidative stress, useful in the evaluation of fish welfare.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Hydrocortisone; Kynuramine; Mammals; Melatonin; Oxidative Stress
PubMed: 35358732
DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.111207 -
Veterinary Medicine and Science Jul 2022Intestinal infection, caused by various protozoans and helminths, represents one of the significant health concerns in pigeons around the world.
BACKGROUND
Intestinal infection, caused by various protozoans and helminths, represents one of the significant health concerns in pigeons around the world.
OBJECTIVES
The present study aimed to determine the diversity and prevalence of the intestinal parasites in pigeons found in Ratnanagar Municipality, Chitwan, in central Nepal.
METHODS
The fresh faecal samples (n = 155) were non-invasively collected from different households and temples pigeons The individual samples were immediately preserved in the 2.5% potassium dichromate solution and transported to the research laboratory. Following direct wet mount and concentration methods, the samples were observed under a compound microscope.
RESULTS
The results showed 87.1% prevalence rate with 16 parasite species that included 8 protozoan and 8 helminth faunae. The faecal samples of temple pigeons contained a higher prevalence rate with higher parasitic richness (95.6%; 16 species) than household pigeons (75.4%; 12 species). Mixed infection up to four different species was recorded in both types of sampling populations.
CONCLUSIONS
Pigeons harbour a greater prevalence and wider diversity of intestinal parasites and the parasitism varies based on the habitats. Proper management and effective deworming practices are recommended to control intestinal parasitic infection in these avian hosts.
Topics: Animals; Bird Diseases; Columbidae; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Nepal; Parasites; Prevalence
PubMed: 35352510
DOI: 10.1002/vms3.792