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Indian Journal of Dermatology 2021Hypermelanosis involving predominantly the face and neck is relatively common and often presents a complex diagnostic problem.
BACKGROUND
Hypermelanosis involving predominantly the face and neck is relatively common and often presents a complex diagnostic problem.
OBJECTIVE
To study the patterns of facial melanosis in Indian skin and assess the importance of patch testing as a corroborative tool in the diagnosis of facial melanosis.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS
A total of 50 patients who consented to the study and satisfied the inclusion and exclusion criteria were incorporated in the study. These patients were subjected to a detailed history, clinical, dermoscopic, and histopathological evaluation. Patch testing using the universal series, cosmetic series, and photopatch was done on those who satisfied the inclusion criteria. Suspected allergen "as is" patch testing was done in selected cases.
RESULTS
Facial melanosis as a result of contact dermatitis is a common entity and was seen in the age group of 18-70 years in both the sexes with male to female ratio of 6.5:2.5 indicating a male preponderance. The most common dermoscopic finding was the presence of reticular pigment network seen in 33 (66%) cases. Histopathology showed increased basal melanin in 56% and pigment incontinence in 26% of the cases. The commonest allergen in men was found to be potassium dichromate (15%), while in females it was nickel (20%). Photopatch test was done for all the patients and was positive in five cases (10%). Suspected allergen "as is" patch testing was negative in all the cases.
CONCLUSIONS
Facial melanosis as a result of contact dermatitis can be confused with other acquired dermatological conditions causing hyperpigmentation. Therefore, a detailed history of contact with allergens has to be elicited, and if found relevant, has to be confirmed by patch testing.
PubMed: 34759389
DOI: 10.4103/ijd.IJD_559_19 -
Journal of Advanced Veterinary and... Sep 2021The purpose of this study was to determine the species composition of circulating in Mymensingh district, Bangladesh, using Internal Transcribed Spacer 1 (ITS1)...
OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to determine the species composition of circulating in Mymensingh district, Bangladesh, using Internal Transcribed Spacer 1 (ITS1) sequences in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Coccidian oocysts were isolated and sporulated in a solution containing 2% potassium dichromate from litter slurry collected from 13 commercially active broiler farms in the research region. Genomic DNA was isolated from sporulated oocysts and used to amplify the species-specific gene by PCR amplification. Electrophoresis of 1.5% agarose gel was used to visualize the amplified PCR products.
RESULTS
In the study samples from Mymensingh district, Bangladesh, the presence of , , , , and was identified.
CONCLUSIONS
The findings of this study may shed light on the zonal approach to chicken coccidiosis control. Additionally, it suggests that ITS1-based PCR might be used in the field to accurately identify species.
PubMed: 34722748
DOI: 10.5455/javar.2021.h538 -
Musculoskeletal Surgery Mar 2023Metal ion release may cause local and systemic effects and induce hypersensitivity reactions. The aim of our study is first to determine if implant-related...
PURPOSE
Metal ion release may cause local and systemic effects and induce hypersensitivity reactions. The aim of our study is first to determine if implant-related hypersensitivity correlates to patient symptoms or not; second, to assess the rate of hypersensitivity and allergies in shoulder arthroplasty.
METHODS
Forty patients with shoulder replacements performed between 2015 and 2017 were studied with minimum 2-year follow-up; no patient had prior metal implants. Each patient underwent radiographic and clinical evaluation using the Constant-Murley Score (CMS), 22 metal and cement haptens patch testing, serum and urine tests to evaluate 12 metals concentration, and a personal occupational medicine interview.
RESULTS
At follow-up (average 45 ± 10.7 months), the mean CMS was 76 ± 15.9; no clinical complications or radiographic signs of loosening were detected; two nickel sulfate (5%), 1 benzoyl peroxide (2.5%) and 1 potassium dichromate (2.5%) positive findings were found, but all these patients were asymptomatic. There was an increase in serum aluminum, urinary aluminum and urinary chromium levels of 1.74, 3.40 and 1.83 times the baseline, respectively. No significant difference in metal ion concentrations were found when patients were stratified according to gender, date of surgery, type of surgery, and type of implant.
CONCLUSIONS
Shoulder arthroplasty is a source of metal ion release and might act as a sensitizing exposure. However, patch test positivity does not seem to correlate to hypersensitivity cutaneous manifestations or poor clinical results. Laboratory data showed small constant ion release over time, regardless of gender, type of shoulder replacement and implant used.
LEVELS OF EVIDENCE
Level II.
Topics: Humans; Aluminum; Shoulder; Hypersensitivity; Metals; Arthroplasty, Replacement; Shoulder Joint
PubMed: 34719773
DOI: 10.1007/s12306-021-00729-4 -
Biology Oct 2021Ecotoxicological assays on monospecific phytoplankton have limited application for detecting the effects of environmental pollutants on multiple species communities....
Ecotoxicological assays on monospecific phytoplankton have limited application for detecting the effects of environmental pollutants on multiple species communities. With this study, we took an ecotoxicological, ecological, and biochemical approach to evaluate the effects of two contaminants of emerging concern (zinc oxide nanoparticles, ZnO NPs, and potassium dichromate, KCrO) at different concentrations (KCrO 5.6-18-50 mg/L; ZnO NPs 10-100-300 mg/L) on natural freshwater and brackish water phytoplankton communities. Cell density and absorbance values decreased in freshwater and brackish water phytoplankton communities after exposure to ZnO NPs (100 mg/L and 300 mg/L only for freshwater), whereas growth rate was increased in both freshwater and brackish water phytoplankton communities after exposure to ZnO NPs 10 mg/L. Differently, there was no clear relationship between concentration and inhibition growth after exposure to KCrO: the lowest cell density was recorded after exposure to 18 mg/L. Moreover, the evenness index value was lower compared to the other concentrations, indicating the growth of a few, albeit resistant species to higher KCrO concentrations. Generally, Bacillariophyceae and Dinoficee were prevalent in phytoplankton cultures after exposure to ZnO NPs and KCrO. The Shannon-Wiener index was slightly higher in the negative than the positive controls, but diversity was low after all treatments in both ecotoxicological assays. The evenness index was always very close to zero, indicating the numerical predominance of one or very few species. Finally, the decrease in chlorophyll- and pheophytin- in both ecotoxicological assays indicated a change in photosynthetic activity. Our findings provide evidence for alterations in natural phytoplankton after exposure to emerging contaminants that can disrupt an entire ecosystem's integrity.
PubMed: 34681137
DOI: 10.3390/biology10101039 -
PloS One 2021Soil-transmitted helminths (STH) infect up to one-quarter of the global population, with a significant associated disease burden. The main human STH are: Ancylostoma...
Soil-transmitted helminths (STH) infect up to one-quarter of the global population, with a significant associated disease burden. The main human STH are: Ancylostoma spp. and Necator americanus (hookworms); Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, and Strongyloides stercoralis. The aim of this study was to establish a scalable system for stool STH multiplex quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions (qPCR). Stool samples collected in Fiji and preserved in potassium dichromate were transferred to Melbourne at ambient temperature. Samples were washed to remove potassium dichromate and DNA was extracted with the Mini-Beadbeater-24 and a column-based kit. A SYBR green qPCR to detect the vertebrate mitochondrial gene was used as a DNA extraction control. Samples were tested using a probe-based multiplex qPCR targeting A. lumbricoides, T. trichiura and S. stercoralis, and in a second multiplex reaction to detect hookworms to the species level (A. duodenale, A. ceylanicum, N. americanus). An internal amplification control in both multiplex assays was included to prevent false-negative results due to PCR inhibitors. Samples were homogenised for a single cycle of 40 seconds to release STH DNA and washed stool was stored for up to 15 weeks at -30°C without compromising DNA. Our multiplex qPCR detected multiple species of STH without reduced sensitivity compared to singleplex. qPCR data from 40 stools was validated against STH-positive stools determined by microscopy. We have developed and validated an efficient and staged system for detecting six clinically important STH affecting humans that could be easily implemented without advanced automation in any qPCR-capable laboratory.
Topics: Animals; DNA, Helminth; Feces; Fiji; Helminths; Humans; Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction; Workflow
PubMed: 34591904
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258039 -
Acta Odontologica Latinoamericana : AOL Aug 2021Although it has been demonstrated that exposure of lactating rats to CrVI delays tooth eruption, the effects of CrVI exposure on bone remodeling in the developing...
Although it has been demonstrated that exposure of lactating rats to CrVI delays tooth eruption, the effects of CrVI exposure on bone remodeling in the developing alveolus during tooth eruption remain unknown. Our purpose was to analyze the effect of CrVI in the alveolus of the first lower molar of rats. Thirty-two suckling Wistar rats were divided into two groups. The experimental group received 12.5 mg/kg body weight/day of potassium dichromate dissolved in saline solution by oral gavage as of day 4 of the experiment; the control group received an equal dose of saline solution. Each group was divided into two sub-sets and euthanized at the ages of 9 and 15 days, respectively. Histochemical and histomorphometric studies of the bone surfaces of the developing tooth alveolus were performed. The percentage of bone formation surfaces was lower in experimental animals than in age-matched controls. The percentage of bone resorption surfaces was significantly lower in 9-day-old experimental rats than in controls and significantly higher in 15-day-old experimental rats than in controls. Exposure to CrVI during lactation alters the sequence of bone resorption and formation in the walls of the developing alveolus, both of which are necessary for tooth eruption, thus causing a delay.
Topics: Animals; Bone Remodeling; Chromium; Female; Lactation; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Tooth Eruption
PubMed: 34570855
DOI: 10.54589/aol.34/2/091 -
Indian Journal of Dermatology 2021Hand eczema (HE), foot eczema (FE), and hand-foot eczema (HFE) manifest on exposure to various agents in day-to-day life or in occupations or both.
BACKGROUND
Hand eczema (HE), foot eczema (FE), and hand-foot eczema (HFE) manifest on exposure to various agents in day-to-day life or in occupations or both.
OBJECTIVES
The objectives of this study were to identify pattern of allergens causing HE, FE, and HFE and to identify multiple and concurrent contact allergies.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A study was conducted from October 2013 to August 2015 which included 190 patients. Patch test was performed for 78.94% of patients ( = 150). The statistical tests used were descriptive, Cramer's V, and Chi-square tests.
RESULTS
The most commonly affected group was HFE (55.8%) followed by HE (22.1%) and FE (22.1%). Allergens showed positivity either singly 56.3% ( = 67) or in combination 43.69% ( = 52). Nickel (41.79%) was the most common allergen in all the three groups followed by potassium dichromate. Late reactions (after day 7) were observed in 17.64% of patients ( = 21). Nickel was observed in 42.85% ( = 9) and paraphenylenediamine was observed in 28.57% of patients ( = 6) with values of <0.001 and 0.050, respectively. Multiple contact allergies were seen in 44% of patients ( = 52). Concurrent reactions (55.8% [ = 29]), polysensitization (34.6% [ = 18]), and mixed reactions (9.6% [ = 5]) ( value of <0.001) were observed.
CONCLUSION
Significant multiple contact allergies including concurrent reactions with nickel sulfate, potassium dichromate, cobalt chloride, and polysensitization were observed. No significant differences in allergen pattern were observed in HE, FE, and HFE.
RECOMMENDATION
Day 7 reading is recommended in HFE.
PubMed: 34446964
DOI: 10.4103/ijd.IJD_549_16 -
Indian Dermatology Online Journal 2021To evaluate clinical and occupational profile and common allergens in patients with occupational contact dermatitis (OCD).
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate clinical and occupational profile and common allergens in patients with occupational contact dermatitis (OCD).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The records of 455 (M:F 2:1) patients aged 18-85 years with allergic contact dermatitis were analyzed retrospectively. The diagnosis of OCD and patterns of dermatitis were defined by standard criteria. Indian standard series comprising 20 allergens and when suspected patient's own products were patch tested by Finn chamber method as per European Society of Contact Dermatitis guidelines and relevance of positive results was defined clinically.
RESULTS
Airborne contact dermatitis (27.7%), acral dermatitis (14.1%), hand dermatitis (12.9%), acrofacial dermatitis (12.7%), and facial dermatitis (10.5%) were the common patterns. Agriculturists (51.2%), homemakers (27.9%), office workers (24.6%), and construction workers (4.6%) comprised the majority. Positive patch test results in 58% cases were from parthenium (31.7%), -paraphenylenediamine (PPD) (22.9%), nickel (16%), fragrance mix (11%), potassium dichromate (10.7%), cobalt (7.6%), and mercaptobenzothiazole (4.9%). Hair colorants, shoe chips, and shaving cream also produced relevant positive reactions. Parthenium, PPD, fragrance mix, and potassium dichromate in agriculturists; nickel, parthenium, PPD, fragrance mix, and potassium dichromate in women, and potassium dichromate and parthenium in construction workers elicited the most positive reactions. PPD and hair colorants elicited positive reaction mainly in office workers.
CONCLUSIONS
The agriculturists, homemakers, and construction workers have OCD most frequently. Parthenium in farmers, potassium dichromate in construction workers, nickel in women, and PPD in office workers were the major contact allergens. The study is limited by its retrospective design, small number of patients, and limited number of patch test allergens.
PubMed: 34430457
DOI: 10.4103/idoj.IDOJ_768_20 -
ACS Omega Aug 2021Titanium(III) is a useful strong reductant and is usually standardized with iron(III) in volumetric analysis. Iron(III) is widely used as an oxidant and is usually...
Titanium(III) is a useful strong reductant and is usually standardized with iron(III) in volumetric analysis. Iron(III) is widely used as an oxidant and is usually standardized with thiosulfate ions through an iodine liberation reaction. The evaluation of the standardization procedure for iron(III) with thiosulfate ions is therefore essential to ensure the reliability of standardized titanium(III) solutions. To investigate the titration procedure for iron(III), two different titrations were performed: redox titration with thiosulfate ions through an iodine liberation reaction and chelatometric titration with disodium dihydrogen ethylenediaminetetraacetate. Subsequently, for the investigation of standardization of iron(III), titanium(III) was assayed through two titration paths: redox titration with standardized iron(III) and redox titration with standard potassium dichromate. The reliability of titrimetric procedures was evaluated by applying several different stoichiometric reactions to each chemical. All titrimetric procedures were consistent with each other within their expanded uncertainties and were capable of providing reliable volumetric standards with careful operations presented in this study.
PubMed: 34423222
DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c03074 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jul 2021Good sorption properties and simple synthesis route make schwertmannite an increasingly popular adsorbent. In this work, the adsorption properties of synthetic... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Good sorption properties and simple synthesis route make schwertmannite an increasingly popular adsorbent. In this work, the adsorption properties of synthetic schwertmannite towards Cr(VI) were investigated. This study aimed to compare the properties and sorption performance of adsorbents obtained by two methods: Fe hydrolysis (SCH) and Fe oxidation (SCH). To characterise the sorbents before and after Cr(VI) adsorption, specific surface area, particle size distribution, density, and zeta potential were determined. Additionally, optical micrographs, SEM, and FTIR analyses were performed. Adsorption experiments were performed in varying process conditions: pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time, and initial concentration. Adsorption isotherms were fitted by Freundlich, Langmuir, and Temkin models. Pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, intraparticle diffusion, and liquid film diffusion models were used to fit the kinetics data. Linear regression was used to estimate the parameters of isotherm and kinetic models. The maximum adsorption capacity resulting from the fitted Langmuir isotherm is 42.97 and 17.54 mg·g for SCH and SCH. Results show that the adsorption kinetics follows the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Both iron-based adsorbents are suitable for removing Cr(VI) ions from aqueous solutions. Characterisation of the adsorbents after adsorption suggests that Cr(VI) adsorption can be mainly attributed to ion exchange with SO groups.
Topics: Adsorption; Ferric Compounds; Hydrolysis; Iron Compounds; Oxidation-Reduction; Potassium Dichromate
PubMed: 34360943
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158175