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Epidemiologia E Servicos de Saude :... 2024To describe the profile of cases of mpox in the city of Rio de Janeiro between June and November 2022.
OBJECTIVE
To describe the profile of cases of mpox in the city of Rio de Janeiro between June and November 2022.
METHODS
This was a descriptive study of secondary data obtained from mpox notification forms. Socioeconomic, clinical and spatial data were analyzed.
RESULTS
Of the 928 cases, 93.7% were male, 85.0% cisgender male, 65.6% homosexual, 41.8% between 30 and 39 years old, and 41.0% were of White race/skin color. A total of 34.5% had immunosuppression due to illness, and 41.9% reported their HIV status as being positive. The most prevalent signs and symptoms were: skin lesions (96.6%), especially with multiple manifestations (67.8%) in the genital region (46.1%), in addition to fever (58.3%), adenomegaly (43.3%) and headache (38.7%). Most notifications occurred in public services (81.3%) and in hospital care (51.3%).
CONCLUSION
The study revealed high incidence of mpox, especially among young, cisgender and homosexual men. Most cases were mild, with genital lesions, progressing to cure without hospitalization. Person-to-person transmission was predominant.
Topics: Humans; Male; Adult; Female; Brazil; Mpox (monkeypox); Cities; Incidence; Socioeconomic Factors
PubMed: 38629675
DOI: 10.1590/S2237-96222024v33e2023899.en -
Nature Communications Apr 2024The eradication of smallpox was officially declared by the WHO in 1980, leading to discontinuation of the vaccination campaign against the virus. Consequently, immunity...
The eradication of smallpox was officially declared by the WHO in 1980, leading to discontinuation of the vaccination campaign against the virus. Consequently, immunity against smallpox and related orthopoxviruses like Monkeypox virus gradually declines, highlighting the need for efficient countermeasures not only for the prevention, but also for the treatment of already exposed individuals. We have recently developed human-like monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from vaccinia virus-immunized non-human primates. Two mAbs, MV33 and EV42, targeting the two infectious forms of the virus, were selected for in vivo evaluation, based on their in vitro neutralization potency. A single dose of either MV33 or EV42 administered three days post-infection (dpi) to BALB/c female mice provides full protection against lethal ectromelia virus challenge. Importantly, a combination of both mAbs confers full protection even when provided five dpi. Whole-body bioimaging and viral load analysis reveal that combination of the two mAbs allows for faster and more efficient clearance of the virus from target organs compared to either MV33 or EV42 separately. The combined mAbs treatment further confers post-exposure protection against the currently circulating Monkeypox virus in Cast/EiJ female mice, highlighting their therapeutic potential against other orthopoxviruses.
Topics: Humans; Female; Animals; Mice; Smallpox; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Poxviridae Infections; Vaccinia; Vaccinia virus; Orthopoxvirus; Antibodies, Viral
PubMed: 38627363
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47328-y -
BMC Infectious Diseases Apr 2024Monkeypox is an emerging infectious disease with confirmed cases and deaths in several parts of the world. In light of this crisis, this study aims to analyze the global...
BACKGROUND
Monkeypox is an emerging infectious disease with confirmed cases and deaths in several parts of the world. In light of this crisis, this study aims to analyze the global knowledge pattern of monkeypox-related patents and explore current trends and future technical directions in the medical development of monkeypox to inform research and policy.
METHODS
A comprehensive study of 1,791 monkeypox-related patents worldwide was conducted using the Derwent patent database by descriptive statistics, social network method and linear regression analysis.
RESULTS
Since the 21st century, the number of monkeypox-related patents has increased rapidly, accompanied by increases in collaboration between commercial and academic patentees. Enterprises contributed the most in patent quantity, whereas the initial milestone patent was filed by academia. The core developments of technology related to the monkeypox include biological and chemical medicine. The innovations of vaccines and virus testing lack sufficient patent support in portfolios.
CONCLUSIONS
Monkeypox-related therapeutic innovation is geographically limited with strong international intellectual property right barriers though it has increased rapidly in recent years. The transparent licensing of patent knowledge is driven by the merger and acquisition model, and the venture capital, intellectual property and contract research organization model. Currently, the patent thicket phenomenon in the monkeypox field may slow the progress of efforts to combat monkeypox. Enterprises should pay more attention to the sharing of technical knowledge, make full use of drug repurposing strategies, and promote innovation of monkeypox-related technology in hotspots of antivirals (such as tecovirimat, cidofovir, brincidofovir), vaccines (JYNNEOS, ACAM2000), herbal medicine and gene therapy.
Topics: Humans; Communicable Diseases, Emerging; Mpox (monkeypox); Technology; Vaccines
PubMed: 38622539
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09252-w -
Journal of the American Academy of... Jul 2024
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Sexual and Gender Minorities; Mpox (monkeypox); Ethnic and Racial Minorities
PubMed: 38608867
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2024.01.093 -
Journal of Infection and Public Health Jun 2024After the eradication of smallpox, there have been no specific public health measures for any Orthopoxviruses (OPXVs). Therefore, it is necessary to countermeasure OPXV...
BACKGROUND
After the eradication of smallpox, there have been no specific public health measures for any Orthopoxviruses (OPXVs). Therefore, it is necessary to countermeasure OPXV infections after Mpox (formerly monkeypox) occurrences, such as the latest global outbreak in 2022-2023. This study aimed to provide crucial insights for the development of effective public health policy making against mpox in populations residing in regions where the virus is not prevalent.
METHODS
This study used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) to examine smallpox and mpox antibodies in Koreans with three different age groups. We analyzed 56 sera obtained from a tertiary care hospital in South Korea between September 2022 and April 2023. Plasma levels of antibodies against the viral proteins of smallpox (variola cytokine response-modifying protein B) and MPXV (A29) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.
RESULTS
Plasma samples from participants in their early 40 s and older exhibited higher reactivity to viral antigens than those from younger participants. Furthermore, there was a strong positive correlation in antibody positivity for the two different viruses across the sera.
CONCLUSIONS
The presence of low antibody levels in participants ˂40 years may hinder their ability to defend against OPXV. Therefore, it is imperative to implement effective public health measures to mitigate the transmission of OPXV within the community. These findings serve as fundamental information for devising strategies to combat mpox efficiently, particularly in regions where the virus is not prevalent.
Topics: Humans; Adult; Antibodies, Viral; Republic of Korea; Male; Middle Aged; Young Adult; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Orthopoxvirus; Age Factors; Public Health; Aged; Adolescent; Antibody Formation; Smallpox; Poxviridae Infections; Mpox (monkeypox)
PubMed: 38608456
DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2024.04.002 -
Asian Journal of Surgery Jul 2024
Topics: Humans; Male; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Mpox (monkeypox); Adult
PubMed: 38604840
DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2024.03.173 -
PloS One 2024Timely case notifications following the introduction of an uncommon pathogen, such as mpox, are critical for understanding disease transmission and for developing and...
Deployment of the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System during the 2022-23 mpox outbreak in the United States-Opportunities and challenges with case notifications during public health emergencies.
Timely case notifications following the introduction of an uncommon pathogen, such as mpox, are critical for understanding disease transmission and for developing and implementing effective mitigation strategies. When Massachusetts public health officials notified the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) about a confirmed orthopoxvirus case on May 17, 2023, which was later confirmed as mpox at CDC, mpox was not a nationally notifiable disease. Because existing processes for new data collections through the National Notifiable Disease Surveillance System were not well suited for implementation during emergency responses at the time of the mpox outbreak, several interim notification approaches were established to capture case data. These interim approaches were successful in generating daily case counts, monitoring disease transmission, and identifying high-risk populations. However, the approaches also required several data collection approvals by the federal government and the Council for State and Territorial Epidemiologists, the use of four different case report forms, and the establishment of complex data management and validation processes involving data element mapping and record-level de-duplication steps. We summarize lessons learned from these interim approaches to inform and improve case notifications during future outbreaks. These lessons reinforce CDC's Data Modernization Initiative to work in close collaboration with state, territorial, and local public health departments to strengthen case-based surveillance prior to the next public health emergency.
Topics: United States; Humans; Public Health; Emergencies; Mpox (monkeypox); Disease Outbreaks; Massachusetts; Population Surveillance
PubMed: 38603766
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300175 -
PloS One 2024Emphasizing the crucial significance of maintaining a national nursing workforce well-prepared with the necessary knowledge, skills, and abilities to respond effectively...
BACKGROUND
Emphasizing the crucial significance of maintaining a national nursing workforce well-prepared with the necessary knowledge, skills, and abilities to respond effectively is the growing frequency of natural and environmental disasters, coupled with public health emergencies such as the COVID-19 pandemic. So, the study aimed to explore pediatric nurses' preparedness to monkeypox outbreak, and their stress during this outbreak in Egypt.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was conducted on a 416 nurses direct care for children at selected governmental hospitals in Egypt. Demographic form, Questionnaire for Infectious Disease Outbreak Readiness & Preparedness, factors affecting nurses' preparedness, and the generalized anxiety disorders scale-7 were the tools of the study.
RESULTS
(81.5%) of studied nurses had unsatisfactory level of preparedness to monkeypox outbreak. (96.4%) and (95.4%) of them were affected their preparedness by high workload and inconsistent income with the of risk of infection factors. Also, (57.2%) of them had high stress level.
CONCLUSIONS
The study revealed the importance of ensuring adequate supplies of PPE are available and provided, and protocols must be implemented to ensure availability in case of an outbreak. Moreover, nurse staffing levels and workload distribution should be regularly reviewed to create reasonable nurse-patient ratios.
Topics: Child; Humans; Cross-Sectional Studies; Pandemics; Mpox (monkeypox); Disasters; Disease Outbreaks; Nurses
PubMed: 38603680
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300225 -
Revista Do Instituto de Medicina... 2024The worldwide monkeypox (mpox) outbreak in 2022 showed a high frequency of sexually transmitted infections (STI). A cross-sectional study was carried out using secondary...
The worldwide monkeypox (mpox) outbreak in 2022 showed a high frequency of sexually transmitted infections (STI). A cross-sectional study was carried out using secondary data from the Brazilian official mpox surveillance systems. A total of 10,169 mpox cases were identified, with a median age of 32 years. Among them, 92.3% were male at birth and 57.5% were men who have sex with other men (MSM). Approximately 11% were diagnosed with STI, including 5.8% with syphilis and 2.5% with genital herpes. Individuals aged from 25 to 34 years, MSM, individuals with HIV-positive status, and those manifesting skin eruptions or penile edema were associated with STI. Laboratory investigation for mpox must be implemented as a priority in STI clinics (especially for MSM) to mitigate neglected cases, ensure appropriate treatments, and prevent misdiagnoses.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Male; Brazil; Cross-Sectional Studies; Demography; Disease Outbreaks; Gonorrhea; HIV Infections; Homosexuality, Male; Mpox (monkeypox); Sexual and Gender Minorities; Sexually Transmitted Diseases
PubMed: 38597520
DOI: 10.1590/S1678-9946202466020 -
Andes Pediatrica : Revista Chilena de... Feb 2024
Topics: Humans; Mpox (monkeypox); Smallpox
PubMed: 38587351
DOI: 10.32641/andespediatr.v95i1.5071