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International Journal of Environmental... Oct 2020Obesity is becoming a pandemic and percutaneous electrical stimulation (PENS) of dermatome T6 has been demonstrated to reduce stomach motility and appetite, allowing...
Obesity is becoming a pandemic and percutaneous electrical stimulation (PENS) of dermatome T6 has been demonstrated to reduce stomach motility and appetite, allowing greater weight loss than isolated hypocaloric diets. However, modulation of intestinal microbiota could improve this effect and control cardiovascular risk factors. Our objective was to test whether addition of probiotics could improve weight loss and cardiovascular risk factors in obese subjects after PENS and a hypocaloric diet. A pilot prospective study was performed in patients ( = 20) with a body mass index (BMI) > 30 kg/m. Half of them underwent ten weeks of PENS in conjunction with a hypocaloric diet (PENS-Diet), and the other half was treated with a PENS-Diet plus multistrain probiotics (, , and ) administration. Fecal samples were obtained before and after interventions. The weight loss and changes in blood pressure, glycemic and lipid profile, and in gut microbiota were investigated. Weight loss was significantly higher (16.2 vs. 11.1 kg, = 0.022), whereas glycated hemoglobin and triglycerides were lower (-0.46 vs. -0.05%, = 0.032, and -47.0 vs. -8.5 mg/dL, = 0.002, respectively) in patients receiving PENS-Diet + probiotics compared with those with a PENS-Diet. Moreover, an enrichment of anti-obesogenic bacteria, including , and the attenuation of the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio were noted in fecal samples after probiotics administration. In obese patients, the addition of probiotics to a PENS intervention under a hypocaloric diet could further improve weight loss and glycemic and lipid profile in parallel to the amelioration of gut dysbiosis.
Topics: Diet, Reducing; Electric Stimulation; Female; Humans; Male; Obesity; Pilot Projects; Probiotics; Prospective Studies
PubMed: 33023060
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17197239 -
BMC Veterinary Research Jul 2020Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation products (SCFP) on rumen microbiota were determined in vitro and in vivo under a high and a depressed pH. The in vitro...
BACKGROUND
Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation products (SCFP) on rumen microbiota were determined in vitro and in vivo under a high and a depressed pH. The in vitro trial determined the effects of Original XPC and NutriTek (Diamond V, Cedar Rapids, IA) at doses of 1.67 and 2.33 g/L, respectively, on the abundances of rumen bacteria under a high pH (> 6.3) and a depressed pH (5.8-6.0) using quantitative PCR (qPCR). In the in vivo trial eight rumen-cannulated lactating dairy cows were used in a cross-over design. Cows were randomly assigned to SCFP treatments (Original XPC, Diamond V, Cedar Rapids, IA) or control (No SCFP) before two 5-week experimental periods. During the second period, SCFP treatments were reversed. Cows on the SCFP treatment were supplemented with 14 g/d of SCFP and 126 g/d of ground corn. Other cows received 140 g/d ground corn. During the first 4 wk. of each period, cows received a basal diet containing 153 g/kg of starch. During week 5 of both periods, the rumen pH was depressed by a SARA challenge. This included replacing 208 g/kg of the basal diet with pellets of ground wheat and barley, resulting in a diet that contained 222 g/kg DM of starch. Microbial communities in rumen liquid digesta were examined by pyrosequencing, qPCR, and shotgun metagenomics.
RESULTS
During the in vitro experiment, XPC and NutriTek increased the relative abundances of Ruminococcus flavefaciens, and Fibrobacter succinogenes determined at both the high and the depressed pH, with NutriTek having the largest effect. The relative abundances of Prevotella brevis, R. flavefaciens, ciliate protozoa, and Bifidobacterium spp. were increased by XPC in vivo. Adverse impacts of the in vivo SARA challenge included reductions of the richness and diversity of the rumen microbial community, the abundances of Bacteroidetes and ciliate protozoa in the rumen as determined by pyrosequencing, and the predicted functionality of rumen microbiota as determined by shotgun metagenomics. These reductions were attenuated by XPC supplementation.
CONCLUSIONS
The negative effects of grain-based SARA challenges on the composition and predicted functionality of rumen microbiota are attenuated by supplementation with SCFP.
Topics: Acidosis; Animal Feed; Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Ciliophora; Diet; Female; Fermentation; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactation; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Rumen; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Stomach Diseases
PubMed: 32653000
DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02437-w