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Journal of Clinical Medicine Jun 2024: In this investigation, we aimed to understand the influence of oral probiotic supplementation on the vaginal microbiota of women preparing for assisted reproductive...
: In this investigation, we aimed to understand the influence of oral probiotic supplementation on the vaginal microbiota of women preparing for assisted reproductive technology (ART) procedures. Given the importance of a healthy microbiome for reproductive success, this study sought to explore how probiotics might alter the bacterial composition in the vaginal environment. : We recruited a cohort of 30 women, averaging 37 years of age (ranging from 31 to 43 years), who were scheduled to undergo ART. Using 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing, we meticulously analyzed the vaginal microbiota composition before and after the administration of oral probiotic supplements. : Our analysis identified 17 distinct microorganisms, including 8 species of Lactobacillus. Following probiotic supplementation, we observed subtle yet notable changes in the vaginal microbiota of some participants. Specifically, there was a decrease in Gardnerella abundance by approximately 20%, and increases in Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium by 10% and 15%, respectively. Additionally, we noted a significant reduction in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio in the probiotic group, indicating potential shifts in the overall bacterial composition. : These preliminary findings suggest that oral probiotic supplementation can induce significant changes in the vaginal microbiota of middle-aged women undergoing ART, potentially improving their overall bacterial profile. Future studies should consider a larger sample size and a narrower age range to validate these results. Investigating factors related to female hormone production could also provide deeper insights. Understanding the effects of probiotics on the vaginal microbiota in patients with ovarian aging may lead to personalized interventions and better reproductive outcomes.
PubMed: 38929949
DOI: 10.3390/jcm13123420 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Jun 2024Probiotics are a potential strategy for salmonellosis control. A defined pig microbiota (DPM) mixture of nine bacterial strains previously exhibited probiotic and anti-...
Probiotics are a potential strategy for salmonellosis control. A defined pig microbiota (DPM) mixture of nine bacterial strains previously exhibited probiotic and anti- properties in vitro. Therefore, we evaluated its gut colonization ability and protection effect against LT2-induced infection in the gnotobiotic piglet model. The DPM mixture successfully colonized the piglet gut and was stable and safe until the end of the experiment. The colon was inhabited by about 9 log CFU g with a significant representation of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli compared to ileal levels around 7-8 log CFU g. Spore-forming clostridia and bacilli seemed to inhabit the environment only temporarily. The bacterial consortium contributed to the colonization of the gut at an entire length. The amplicon profile analysis supported the cultivation trend with a considerable representation of lactobacilli with bacilli in the ileum and bifidobacteria with clostridia in the colon. Although there was no significant -positive elimination, it seems that the administered bacteria conferred the protection of infected piglets because of the slowed delayed infection manifestation without translocations of cells to the blood circulation. Due to its colonization stability and potential protective anti- traits, the DPM mixture has promising potential in pig production applications. However, advanced immunological tests are needed.
PubMed: 38929398
DOI: 10.3390/ani14121779 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Jun 2024Probiotics provided from hatch have a major influence on microbiota development, and together with environmental and bedding microbiota, shape the microbial community of...
Probiotics provided from hatch have a major influence on microbiota development, and together with environmental and bedding microbiota, shape the microbial community of the litter. We investigated the influence of probiotic supplementation and a leaky gut challenge induced using dexamethasone (DEX) on the litter microbial community and litter parameters. The probiotic product was a mix of three strains. The litter microbiota were compared to the microbial communities from other gut sections. The litter samples had higher microbial diversity compared to the caecum, gizzard, jejunum, and jejunal mucosa. The high similarity between the litter phylum-level microbiota and gizzard microbiota detected in our study could be a consequence of ingested feed and litter passing through the gizzard. Moreover, the litter microbial community is fundamentally distinct from the intestinal microbiota, as evidenced by the number of genera present in the litter but absent from all the intestinal sections and vice versa. Furthermore, LEfSe analysis identified distinct microbial taxa across different groups, with specific genera associated with different treatments. In terms of litter quality, the birds in the DEX groups had a significantly higher moisture content, indicating successful leaky gut challenge, while probiotic supplementation did not significantly affect the moisture levels. These findings provide comprehensive insights into the distinct microbiota characteristics of litter.
PubMed: 38929376
DOI: 10.3390/ani14121758 -
Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024With the global increase in hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia, there is an urgent need to explore dietary interventions targeting the inhibition of dipeptidyl...
With the global increase in hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia, there is an urgent need to explore dietary interventions targeting the inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) and lipid digestion and absorption. This study investigated how GG (LGG) affects various aspects of black goji berry (BGB) ( Murr.) juice, including changes in physicochemical and functional properties, as well as microbiological and sensory attributes. Throughout the fermentation process with 2.5-10% (/) BGB, significantly improved probiotic viability, lactic acid production, and decreased sugar content. While total flavonoids increase, anthocyanins decrease, with no discernible change in antioxidant activities. Metabolite profiling reveals elevated phenolic compounds post-fermentation. Regarding the inhibition of lipid digestion and absorption, fermented BGB exhibits improved bile acid binding, and disrupted cholesterol micellization by approximately threefold compared to non-fermented BGB, while also increasing pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity. Furthermore, a decrease in cholesterol uptake was observed in Caco-2 cells treated with fermented BGB (0.5 mg/mL), with a maximum reduction of 16.94%. Fermented BGB also shows more potent DPP-IV inhibition. Sensory attributes are significantly improved in fermented BGB samples. These findings highlight the potential of BGB as a bioactive resource and a promising non-dairy carrier for LGG, enhancing its anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hyperlipidemic properties.
PubMed: 38929180
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060740 -
Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024Psychosis, defined as a set of symptoms that results in a distorted sense of reality, is observed in several psychiatric disorders in addition to schizophrenia. This... (Review)
Review
Psychosis, defined as a set of symptoms that results in a distorted sense of reality, is observed in several psychiatric disorders in addition to schizophrenia. This paper reviews the literature relevant to the underlying neurobiology of psychosis. The dopamine hypothesis has been a major influence in the study of the neurochemistry of psychosis and in development of antipsychotic drugs. However, it became clear early on that other factors must be involved in the dysfunction involved in psychosis. In the current review, it is reported how several of these factors, namely dysregulation of neurotransmitters [dopamine, serotonin, glutamate, and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)], neuroinflammation, glia (microglia, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes), the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, the gut microbiome, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction contribute to psychosis and interact with one another. Research on psychosis has increased knowledge of the complexity of psychotic disorders. Potential new pharmacotherapies, including combinations of drugs (with pre- and probiotics in some cases) affecting several of the factors mentioned above, have been suggested. Similarly, several putative biomarkers, particularly those related to the immune system, have been proposed. Future research on both pharmacotherapy and biomarkers will require better-designed studies conducted on an all stages of psychotic disorders and must consider confounders such as sex differences and comorbidity.
PubMed: 38929148
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060709 -
Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024() is widely used in industrial food fermentations, and its probiotic and health-promoting roles attracted much attention in the past decades. In this work, the...
() is widely used in industrial food fermentations, and its probiotic and health-promoting roles attracted much attention in the past decades. In this work, the probiotic potential of 664 isolated from Chinese fermented pickles was assessed. In addition, the anti-inflammatory properties and mechanisms were investigated using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Results indicated that 664 demonstrated excellent acid and bile salt tolerance, adhesion capability, antimicrobial activity, and safety profile. 664 downregulated the release of inflammatory mediators, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) stimulated with LPS. Moreover, 664 inhibited the nuclear translocation of the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) induced by LPS. This action was associated with a reduction in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and an enhanced expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) protein. Additionally, whole genome sequencing indicated that 664 contained genes that encode proteins with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functions, including Cytochrome bd ubiquinol oxidase subunit I (CydA), Cytochrome bd ubiquinol oxidase subunit II (CydB), and NAD(P)H dehydrogenase quinone 1 (NQO1). In conclusion, our study suggested that 664 has the potential to become a probiotic and might be a promising strategy for the prevention of inflammation.
PubMed: 38929142
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060703 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024Modern functional foods are designed to provide health benefits beyond basic nutrition. They are enriched with bioactive ingredients like probiotics, vitamins, minerals,...
Modern functional foods are designed to provide health benefits beyond basic nutrition. They are enriched with bioactive ingredients like probiotics, vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. These foods support overall health, enhance immune function, and help prevent chronic diseases. Milk proteins and tea are known to influence satiety and regulate body weight. Studies have shown that green tea polyphenols, namely, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), and whey proteins, predominantly lactoferrin (LF) from milk, play a role in regulating satiety. This study aims to investigate the effect of conjugating EGCG with apo-lactoferrin (Apo-LF) and assessing these effects on satiety through monitoring glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) regulation in a human colon (NCI-H716) cell line. Apo-LF-EGCG conjugates were synthesized and characterized in terms of structural and functional properties. The effect on GLP-1 regulation was assessed by real-time quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to monitor gene and protein expressions, respectively. The results revealed that the protein-polyphenol interaction occurs through the complex formation of hydrogen bonds at the O-H and carbonyl groups of EGCG. The conjugates also showed a significant up-regulation of gene and protein expression levels of GLP-1 while also preventing EGCG from degradation, thereby preserving its antioxidant properties. The Apo-LF-EGCG conjugates increase satiety via increasing GLP-1 secretion in human colon cells while simultaneously retaining the antioxidant properties of EGCG. Therefore, these conjugates show potential for use as dietary supplements to enhance satiety.
PubMed: 38928876
DOI: 10.3390/foods13121935 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024In our previous study, a new fermented food (PWF) created by utilizing pineapple by-products and whey proteins as a matrix via co-fermentation with lactic acid bacteria...
Investigating the Impact of Pineapple-Whey Protein Fermentation Products on Cefixime-Induced Intestinal Flora Dysbiosis in Mice Using 16S Sequencing and Untargeted Metabolomics Techniques.
In our previous study, a new fermented food (PWF) created by utilizing pineapple by-products and whey proteins as a matrix via co-fermentation with lactic acid bacteria and yeast was developed, and, in the current study, we examined the impact of a pineapple-whey protein fermentation product on a cefixime-induced dysbiosis model in mice using 16S sequencing and untargeted metabolomics techniques. The results indicated that the pineapple-whey protein fermentation product played a positive role in restoring the intestinal flora. In this study, cefixime reduced the overall abundance of intestinal flora and decreased the relative abundance of probiotics in the gut, while also inhibiting amino acid metabolism. The addition of PWF normalized the intestinal flora to a steady state, significantly increasing the populations of , , , and acidophilus, while decreasing the numbers of and . Additionally, PWF modulated microbial metabolites, such as L-glutamate and L-threonine, and upregulated amino-acid-related metabolic pathways, including those involving glycine, serine, and threonine. In conclusion, PWF can alleviate intestinal flora dysbiosis and metabolic disturbances induced by antibiotic interventions. It is suggested that PWF could be a potential dietary strategy for patients with antibiotic-associated diarrhea.
PubMed: 38928868
DOI: 10.3390/foods13121927 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024Probiotics have become increasingly recognized for their potential health-promoting properties; however, the viability of probiotics can be affected by storage and...
Probiotics have become increasingly recognized for their potential health-promoting properties; however, the viability of probiotics can be affected by storage and transportation processes as well as the stressful environment of the human digestive tract, preventing them from achieving effective concentration (10 CFU/mL). In this regard, the embedding technology of probiotics provides an effective protection method. Dextran-based water in water (W/W) emulsion loaded with was used as spinning solution to prepare -loaded electrospun fibers. The structure of the W/W emulsion and the electrospun fibers was charactered. were uniformly embedded in the internal phase of the W/W emulsion and the loading efficiency was 9.70 ± 0.40 log CFU/g. After 240 min digestion in the gastrointestinal tract, and temperature treatment in 65 °C and 72 °C, the loaded probiotics maintained high activity. Even after 5 days of storage in room temperature and 4 °C, the loaded probiotic activity levels remained high, with counts >8 log CFU/g. These results suggest that probiotics encapsulated by emulsion electrospinning could be potentially delivered in a novel food delivery system used in the future food industry.
PubMed: 38928837
DOI: 10.3390/foods13121897 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024Probiotics are natural microbial agents with beneficial properties such as bacteriostatic and anti-infective properties. Q21, Q25 and QA85, were isolated from the...
Probiotics are natural microbial agents with beneficial properties such as bacteriostatic and anti-infective properties. Q21, Q25 and QA85, were isolated from the Chinese specialty fermented food "Jiangshui" and proved to be highly resistant to ( < 0.0001). In vitro results showed that Q21, Q25 and QA85 strongly inhibited and could specifically co-aggregate in vitro (more than 56%). Strains have the potential to adhere to cells and hinder colonization ( < 0.0001). To assess the anti- efficacy of strains in vivo, volunteers were recruited and a self-controlled study of probiotic intervention was conducted. Compared to pre-probiotics, volunteers who took Q21, Q25 and QA85 for 1 month showed significant improvement in discomfort, a significant reduction in GSRS scores ( < 0.05), and modulation of inflammatory response ( < 0.05). Q21, Q25 and QA85 resulted in a decreasing trend of load in volunteers (454.30 ± 327.00 vs. 328.35 ± 237.19, = 0.06). However, the strains were not significantly effective in modulating the imbalance of the gut microbiota caused by infection. In addition, strains affect metabolic pathways by increasing the levels of O-Phosphoethanolamine and other related metabolites, which may ameliorate associated symptoms. Therefore, Q21, Q25 and QA85 can be regarded as a candidate probiotic preparation that exerts direct or indirect anti- effects by inhibiting activity and colonization, reducing inflammation and discomfort, maintaining homeostasis in the internal environment, affecting the metabolic pathways and repairing the body barrier. They can play a role in relieving infection.
PubMed: 38928794
DOI: 10.3390/foods13121851