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Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and... Apr 2022Topical, local anesthetic eye drops in conjunction with antibiotics are commonly used to reduce ocular pain and treat patients in emergency clinics; however, their...
Topical, local anesthetic eye drops in conjunction with antibiotics are commonly used to reduce ocular pain and treat patients in emergency clinics; however, their effects on corneal healing are poorly understood. This study examined whether regular or diluted proparacaine eye drops given in combination with common ophthalmic antibiotics affect corneal wound healing parameters using and models. Primary human corneal fibroblasts generated from donor corneas and New Zealand white rabbits were used. Regular (0.5%) and diluted (0.05%) proparacaine eye drops, twice daily for 3 days, were applied to cultures and rabbit eyes, with or without ophthalmic antibiotics (polymyxin B sulfate and trimethoprim). Trypan blue, 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), and scratch wound assays measured cellular viability, proliferation, and migration, respectively, Slit lamp biomicroscopy, tonometry, fluorescein eye test, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, and 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) immunofluorescence were used for studies. Both regular and diluted proparacaine affected wound healing response in the cornea and in a time-dependent manner. Adjunct antibiotic treatments had additive effects characterized by reduced corneal fibroblast viability, proliferation, and migration and corneal epithelial recovery . Regular proparacaine with antibiotics showed most pronounced effects on corneal wound healing parameters, and diluted proparacaine without antibiotics had minimal negative effects and . Both methods of regular (0.5%) and diluted (0.05%) proparacaine topical application to the cornea are safe, but impede corneal wound healing and . Adjunct antibiotic treatments had additive negative effects on corneal wound repair.
Topics: Anesthetics, Local; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cornea; Corneal Injuries; Humans; Ophthalmic Solutions; Propoxycaine; Rabbits; Wound Healing
PubMed: 35275738
DOI: 10.1089/jop.2021.0116 -
New application of an old drug proparacaine in treating epilepsy via liposomal hydrogel formulation.Pharmacological Research Jul 2021Proparacaine (PPC) is a previously discovered topical anesthetic for ophthalmic optometry and surgery by blocking the central Nav1.3. In this study, we found that...
Proparacaine (PPC) is a previously discovered topical anesthetic for ophthalmic optometry and surgery by blocking the central Nav1.3. In this study, we found that proparacaine hydrochloride (PPC-HCl) exerted an acute robust antiepileptic effect in pilocarpine-induced epilepsy mice. More importantly, chronic treatment with PPC-HCl totally terminated spontaneous recurrent seizure occurrence without significant toxicity. Chronic treatment with PPC-HCl did not cause obvious cytotoxicity, neuropsychiatric adverse effects, hepatotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, and even genotoxicity that evaluated by whole genome-scale transcriptomic analyses. Only when in a high dose (50 mg/kg), the QRS interval measured by electrocardiography was slightly prolonged, which was similar to the impact of levetiracetam. Nevertheless, to overcome this potential issue, we adopt a liposome encapsulation strategy that could alleviate cardiotoxicity and prepared a type of hydrogel containing PPC-HCl for sustained release. Implantation of thermosensitive chitosan-based hydrogel containing liposomal PPC-HCl into the subcutaneous tissue exerted immediate and long-lasting remission from spontaneous recurrent seizure in epileptic mice without affecting QRS interval. Therefore, this new liposomal hydrogel formulation of proparacaine could be developed as a transdermal patch for treating epilepsy, avoiding the severe toxicity after chronic treatment with current antiepileptic drugs in clinic.
Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Drug Delivery Systems; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy; Hindlimb Suspension; Hydrogels; Liposomes; Male; Maze Learning; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Open Field Test; Propoxycaine; Mice
PubMed: 33932606
DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105636 -
Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and... Jun 2021To evaluate whether the standard dilating drop regimen consisting of phenylephrine, tropicamide, and proparacaine produces clinically significant improvement in pupil... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Randomized Controlled Trial
To evaluate whether the standard dilating drop regimen consisting of phenylephrine, tropicamide, and proparacaine produces clinically significant improvement in pupil size compared to tropicamide and proparacaine during diagnostic eye examination. Sixty-three adult patients at Washington University School of Medicine Eye Clinic were enrolled in this prospective, randomized trial. Each patient received one of two dilating drop regimens: phenylephrine + tropicamide + proparacaine (PE+T+PP), which is considered the standard therapy, or tropicamide + proparacaine (T+PP). Main outcome measures were the proportion of pupils able to achieve successful clinical examination without need for additional dilating drops and change in predilation to postdilation pupil size. Comparisons were made using McNemar's test, repeated measures analysis of variance, and Fisher's test to determine whether PE is a necessary component of the standard eye examination. There were no statistically significant differences between the PE+T+PP and T+PE treatment groups in predilation to postdilation changes in average resting pupil size (1.58 ± 0.66 and 2.61 ± 0.79; = 0.57) or constricted pupil size (2.52 ± 0.93 and 3.56 ± 0.96; = 0.15). There was no statistically significant difference between patients who obtained a successful dilated pupil examination between those receiving PE+T+PP and those receiving T+PP as determined by the examining physicians (Fisher's, = 0.67). The addition of phenylephrine to tropicamide and proparacaine did not improve pupillary dilation size or ability to conduct a clinical examination. A single dilating agent using tropicamide should be considered in clinical practice.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Anesthetics, Local; Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological; Drug Interactions; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mydriatics; Ophthalmic Solutions; Outcome Assessment, Health Care; Phenylephrine; Propoxycaine; Prospective Studies; Pupil; Tropicamide
PubMed: 33685234
DOI: 10.1089/jop.2020.0111 -
Psychiatria Danubina Sep 2019
Review
Topics: Behavior, Addictive; Diagnostic Errors; Eye Pain; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Ophthalmic Solutions; Patient Satisfaction; Prescription Drug Misuse; Propoxycaine; Self Medication
PubMed: 31596831
DOI: 10.24869/psyd.2019.360