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Life (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2023Resistin is an adipokine with metabolic and inflammatory functions. Epidemiological and translational studies report that an increase in plasma levels and tissue...
Resistin is an adipokine with metabolic and inflammatory functions. Epidemiological and translational studies report that an increase in plasma levels and tissue expression of resistin increases the aggressiveness of prostate tumor cells. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted constitutively and induced by cytokines, growth factors, and calcium and are found in multiple biological fluids such as saliva, serum, semen, and urine. In particular, EVs have been shown to promote tumor progression through the induction of proliferation, growth, angiogenesis, resistance to chemotherapy, and metastasis. However, the role of resistin in the migration, invasion, and secretion of EVs in invasive prostate tumor cells remains to be studied. In the present study, we demonstrate that resistin induces increased migration and invasion in PC3 cells. In addition, these phenomena are accompanied by increased p-FAK levels and increased secretion of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in resistin-treated PC3 cells. Interestingly, EVs isolated from supernatants of PC3 cells treated with resistin induce an increase in migration and invasion accompanied by high MMP-2 and MMP-9 secretion in an autocrine stimulation model. In summary, our data for the first time demonstrate that resistin induces migration and invasion, partly through the secretion of EVs with pro-invasive characteristics in PC3 cells.
PubMed: 38137922
DOI: 10.3390/life13122321 -
JCI Insight Dec 2023Secondary lymphedema occurs in up to 20% of patients after lymphadenectomy performed for the surgical management of tumors involving the breast, prostate, uterus, and...
Secondary lymphedema occurs in up to 20% of patients after lymphadenectomy performed for the surgical management of tumors involving the breast, prostate, uterus, and skin. Patients develop progressive edema of the affected extremity due to retention of protein-rich lymphatic fluid. Despite compression therapy, patients progress to chronic lymphedema in which noncompressible fibrosis and adipose tissue are deposited within the extremity. The presence of fibrosis led to our hypothesis that rosiglitazone, a PPARγ agonist that inhibits fibrosis, would reduce fibrosis in a mouse model of secondary lymphedema after hind limb lymphadenectomy. In vivo, rosiglitazone reduced fibrosis in the hind limb after lymphadenectomy. Our findings verified that rosiglitazone reestablished the adipogenic features of TGF-β1-treated mesenchymal cells in vitro. Despite this, rosiglitazone led to a reduction in adipose tissue deposition. Single-cell RNA-Seq data obtained from human tissues and flow cytometric and histological evaluation of mouse tissues demonstrated increased presence of PDGFRα+ cells in lymphedema; human tissue analysis verified these cells have the capacity for adipogenic and fibrogenic differentiation. Upon treatment with rosiglitazone, we noted a reduction in the overall quantity of PDGFRα+ cells and LipidTOX+ cells. Our findings provide a framework for treating secondary lymphedema as a condition of fibrosis and adipose tissue deposition, both of which, paradoxically, can be prevented with a pro-adipogenic agent.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Mice; Animals; Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor alpha; PPAR gamma; Rosiglitazone; Lymphedema; Fibrosis
PubMed: 38131378
DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.165324 -
Biochemia Medica Feb 2024Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is secreted by the posterior pituitary gland. Unsuppressed release of ADH leads to hyponatremia. This condition is referred to as syndrome of... (Review)
Review
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is secreted by the posterior pituitary gland. Unsuppressed release of ADH leads to hyponatremia. This condition is referred to as syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). Hereby, a case report is presented on ciprofloxacin-induced SIADH. A 67-year-old male patient was examined in the emergency room with symptoms of lethargy, headache, lack of attention, and a generally depressed mood lasting for three days. One week prior, empirical antimicrobial therapy involving ciprofloxacin for prostatitis was initiated. Laboratory analysis showed no relevant abnormalities except for hyponatremia (Na = 129 mmol/L). Chronic hyponatremia, thyroid dysfunction, and adrenal dysfunction were ruled out. Serum osmolality was 263 mOsmol/kg, urine osmolality was 206 mOsmol/kg, and urine sodium was 39 mmol/L. Given that all criteria for SIADH were met, ciprofloxacin was discontinued, and fluid restriction was advised. Four days later, the patient's serum sodium concentrations nearly normalized (Na = 135 mmol/L), and all symptoms resolved. The Naranjo Scale yielded a score of 8, supporting the likelihood of a probable adverse reaction to ciprofloxacin. This case is presented to raise awareness among clinicians about the potential of ciprofloxacin to cause even mild hyponatremia.
Topics: Male; Humans; Aged; Inappropriate ADH Syndrome; Hyponatremia; Ciprofloxacin; Sodium
PubMed: 38125612
DOI: 10.11613/BM.2024.010803 -
Translational Andrology and Urology Nov 2023Lymphoceles, lymph fluid-filled collections within the body lacking epithelial lining, are a common complication after pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) during...
BACKGROUND
Lymphoceles, lymph fluid-filled collections within the body lacking epithelial lining, are a common complication after pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) during robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP). In this study, we investigate the incidence of imaging confirmed symptomatic lymphoceles (SLC) in a centralized high-volume operating centre and assess predictive factors and treatment.
METHODS
We retrospectively analysed the incidence, risk factors and treatment of a consecutive series of patients who underwent PLND during RARP between September 2018 and January 2021 in a specialised operation clinic. We compared baseline patients' characteristics and pathological data between men who developed an SLC and those who did not. A multivariable model for the occurrence of an SLC was created using predetermined, clinically relevant variables to investigate predictive factors.
RESULTS
We analysed the records of 404 patients. The median follow-up length was 29 months. A total of 30 (7.4%) patients with an SLC were identified. The median time until SLC presentation was 12 weeks [interquartile range (IQR), 4-31 weeks], one-third of SLCs presented after 180 days. Percutaneous drainage was performed in 17 patients (57%). On multivariable analysis, only body mass index (BMI) significantly increased the odds of an SLC [per 5 odds ratio (OR) =1.7; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.0-3.0, P=0.04].
CONCLUSIONS
SLCs present significant consequences, as more than half of patients with an SLC were treated with percutaneous drainage. Many patients presented later than the centralized surgeons' postoperative follow-up, a drawback of centralized care. An increased BMI was a significant predictor for SLC.
PubMed: 38106676
DOI: 10.21037/tau-23-416 -
Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences 2023Prostate cancer (PCa), one of the most prevalent malignancies affecting men worldwide, presents significant challenges in terms of early detection, risk stratification,...
Prostate cancer (PCa), one of the most prevalent malignancies affecting men worldwide, presents significant challenges in terms of early detection, risk stratification, and active surveillance. In recent years, liquid biopsies have emerged as a promising non-invasive approach to complement or even replace traditional tissue biopsies. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), nanosized membranous structures released by various cells into body fluids, have gained substantial attention as a source of cancer biomarkers due to their ability to encapsulate and transport a wide range of biological molecules, including RNA. In this study, we aimed to validate 15 potential RNA biomarkers, identified in a previous EV RNA sequencing study, using droplet digital PCR. The candidate biomarkers were tested in plasma and urinary EVs collected before and after radical prostatectomy from 30 PCa patients and their diagnostic potential was evaluated in a test cohort consisting of 20 benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and 20 PCa patients' plasma and urinary EVs. Next, the results were validated in an independent cohort of plasma EVs from 31 PCa and 31 BPH patients. We found that the levels of NKX3-1 ( = 0.0008) in plasma EVs, and tRF-Phe-GAA-3b ( < 0.0001) tRF-Lys-CTT-5c ( < 0.0327), piR-28004 ( = 0.0081) and miR-375-3p ( < 0.0001) in urinary EVs significantly decreased after radical prostatectomy suggesting that the main tissue source of these RNAs is prostate and/or PCa. Two mRNA biomarkers-GLO1 and NKX3-1 showed promising diagnostic potential in distinguishing between PCa and BPH with AUC of 0.68 and 0.82, respectively, in the test cohort and AUC of 0.73 and 0.65, respectively, in the validation cohort, when tested in plasma EVs. Combining these markers in a biomarker model yielded AUC of 0.85 and 0.71 in the test and validation cohorts, respectively. Although the PSA levels in the blood could not distinguish PCa from BPH in our cohort, adding PSA to the mRNA biomarker model increased AUC from 0.71 to 0.76. This study identified two novel EV-enclosed RNA biomarkers-NKX3-1 and GLO1-for the detection of PCa, and highlights the complementary nature of GLO1, NKX3-1 and PSA as combined biomarkers in liquid biopsies of PCa.
PubMed: 38099195
DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1279854 -
ACG Case Reports Journal Dec 2023A 58-year-old man with a history of mechanical aortic valve replacement, on anticoagulation with warfarin, presented to the emergency department with hematochezia 1 day...
Presence of Portomesenteric Venous Gas and Pneumatosis Intestinalis in Nonocclusive Mesenteric Ischemia as a Complication of Transrectal Ultrasound-Guided Prostate Biopsy.
A 58-year-old man with a history of mechanical aortic valve replacement, on anticoagulation with warfarin, presented to the emergency department with hematochezia 1 day after undergoing transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy. On presentation, he was found to have hemorrhagic shock. Fluid resuscitation, packed red blood cell transfusion, and empiric antibiotic therapy were initiated, and the patient was admitted to an intensive care unit. Abdominal-pelvic computed tomography demonstrated portomesenteric venous gas and pneumatosis intestinalis. Colonoscopy showed ischemic ulcers at the ascending colon and stigmata of recent bleeding at the site of biopsy in the rectum, which was treated endoscopically. The patient was discharged after continued improvement during hospitalization. On follow-up, the patient continued to be symptom-free, and a repeat colonoscopy demonstrated healing colonic ulcers.
PubMed: 38093785
DOI: 10.14309/crj.0000000000001226 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2023Coffee has been a common ingredient in many traditional hair loss remedies, but limited scientific evidence supports its use, particularly in coffee pulp. Androgenetic...
Coffee has been a common ingredient in many traditional hair loss remedies, but limited scientific evidence supports its use, particularly in coffee pulp. Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is caused by androgens, inflammation, and oxidative stress. In the present study, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) was used under various conditions to obtain six coffee pulp extracts. The SFE-4 extract, using 50% (/v) ethanol as a co-solvent at conditions of 100 °C and 500 bars for 30 min, exhibited the highest phenolic, flavonoid, and caffeine contents. Additionally, the SFE-4 extract increased the migration and cell proliferation of HFDPCs (human hair follicle dermal papilla cells), which control hair cycle regulation, and had scavenging effects on ABTS and DPPH radicals. Additionally, the SFE-4 extract showed potassium ion channel opener activity in HFDPCs, as well as a stimulation effect on the enzyme matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) (28.53 ± 1.08% of control), which may be related to the vascular endothelial growth factor () gene upregulation. In human prostate cancer cells (DU-145) and HFDPC cells, the SFE-4 extract significantly decreased the expression of , , and , an essential pathway involved in AGA. Hair growth factor genes in the Wnt/-catenin () and Sonic Hedgehog (, , and ) pathways could be significantly activated by the SFE-4 extract. These results imply that employing SFE in coffee pulp extraction could help AGA treatment by preventing hair loss and promoting hair growth pathways. This would help small coffee producers gain economic empowerment and ensure the long-term sustainability of agricultural waste utilization.
PubMed: 38002174
DOI: 10.3390/foods12224116 -
World Journal of Clinical Cases Oct 2023In this article, we present a case of iatrogenic bladder neck rupture due to catheter insertion in a 94-year-old comorbid male patient.
BACKGROUND
In this article, we present a case of iatrogenic bladder neck rupture due to catheter insertion in a 94-year-old comorbid male patient.
CASE SUMMARY
The patient, who had a urethral catheter inserted in the palliative service 3 d ago, was consulted because the catheter did not work. Because the fluid given to the bladder could not be recovered, computed tomography was performed, which revealed that the catheter had passed the bladder neck first into the retrovesical area then into the intraabdominal area. The appearance of the anterior urethra and verumontanum was normal at cystoscopy. However, extremely severe stenosis of the bladder neck, and perforated posterior wall of the urethral segment between the prostatic urethra and the bladder neck were observed. Internal urethrotomy was applied to the bladder neck with a urethrotome. An urethral catheter was sent over the guide wire into the bladder. The patient was followed in the palliative care service and the catheter was removed 7 d later. No extravasation was observed in the control urethrography.
CONCLUSION
Although catheter insertion is a simple and frequently performed procedure in hospitalized patients, it is necessary to avoid unnecessary extra-indication catheter insertion.
PubMed: 37969443
DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i30.7413 -
Gynecological Endocrinology : the... Oct 2023Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) was known as the common endocrine disease in women, featured as hyperandrogenism, ovulation disorders, etc. Fat mass and...
BACKGROUND
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) was known as the common endocrine disease in women, featured as hyperandrogenism, ovulation disorders, etc. Fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO), a m6A demethylase, is abnormal in the occurrence of ovarian diseases. However, the mechanism of FTO in the pathogenesis of PCOS is still unclear.
METHODS
The level of FTO in clinical samples, PCOS rat with hyperandrogenism and granulosa cells (GCs) lines effected by DHT were investigated by ELISA, qRT-PCR, WB, and IHC, while m6A RNA methylation level was studied by m6A Colorimetric and androgen level was tested through ELISA. Changes in steroid hormone synthetase and androgen receptor (AR)/prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels were visualized by WB after transient transfection silenced FTO. The effect of DHT combined with FTO inhibitor meclofenamic acid (MA) on FTO, AR/PSA, and AKT phosphorylation were also demonstrated by WB. The co-localization of FTO and AR in KGN cells was analyzed by confocal microscopy, and the physiological interaction between FTO and AR was studied by Co-IP assay. The effect of FTO-specific inhibitor MA, AKT phosphorylation inhibitor LY294002, and the combined them on GCs proliferation and cell cycle were evaluated by drug combination index, EDU assay, and flow cytometry analysis.
RESULTS
FTO expression was upregulated in follicular fluid and GCs in PCOS patients clinically. The high FTO expression in patients was negative with the level of m6A, but positive with the level of androgen. The upregulation of FTO was accompanied with a decrease in the level of m6A in PCOS rat with hyperandrogenism. Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) promoted the FTO expression and inhibited m6A content as a dose-dependent way . In contrast, suppression of FTO with siRNA attenuated the expression of steroid hormone synthetase such as CYP11A1, CYP17A1, HSD11B1, HSD3B2 except CYP19A1 synthetase, ultimately inducing the decrease of androgen level. Suppression of FTO also decreased the biological activity of androgen through downregulation AR/PSA. MA treatment as the specific FTO antagonist decreased cell survival in time- and dose-dependent way in GCs lines. Correspondingly, MA treatment decreased the expression of FTO, AR/PSA expression, and AKT phosphorylation in the presence of DHT stimulation. Additionally, we also speculate there is a potential relation between FTO and AR according to FTO was co-localized and interacted with AR in KGN cells. Compared with AKT phosphorylation inhibitor LY294002 or MA alone, LY294002 combined with MA synergistically inhibited cell survival and increased G2/M phase arrest in GC line.
CONCLUSIONS
We first evaluated the correlation of FTO and m6A in PCOS clinically, and further explored the mechanism between FTO and hyperandrogenism in PCOS animal and cell models. These findings contributed the potential therapy by targeting the FTO for hyperandrogenism in PCOS.
Topics: Animals; Female; Humans; Rats; Alpha-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase FTO; Androgens; Dihydrotestosterone; Granulosa Cells; Hyperandrogenism; Ligases; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt
PubMed: 37931646
DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2023.2276167 -
Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice Oct 2023TURP remains the gold standard for simple prostatectomy presently. Different fluids have been used for irrigation while performing monopolar TURP. The choice of...
BACKGROUND
TURP remains the gold standard for simple prostatectomy presently. Different fluids have been used for irrigation while performing monopolar TURP. The choice of irrigation fluid depends on a lot of factors.
AIM
We sought to find out if the outcome of monopolar TURP using 5% dextrose water in our setting compares with findings in other studies using different fluids as irrigation fluid in monopolar TURP.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This was a prospective study of 220 patients who had monopolar TURP using 5% dextrose water as irrigation fluid from 2015 to 2020.
RESULTS
The study was completed by 220 patients. The mean age was 66.25 yrs. The mean weight of prostate was 53.2 g, and mean resected weight was 30.10 g using a mean irrigation volume of 45.35 liters, 5% dextrose water over a mean resection time of 66.08 mins. The mean changes in International Prostate Symptom Score/quality of life score (IPSS/QOLS) were statistically significant. Early complications recorded were postoperative hematuria with clot retention (1.4%), urinary tract infection (UTI) (13.2%), and secondary hemorrhage (10%). TURP syndrome was not recorded. Late complications seen within 2 years follow-up were transient urinary incontinence (6.4%), urethral stricture (4.1%), and bladder neck contracture (2.3%). There was no repeat TURP for residual adenoma within this period.
CONCLUSION
TURP using 5% dextrose water has comparable outcomes to other irrigation fluids for monopolar TURP. It is a good alternative to any other irrigation fluid.
Topics: Male; Humans; Aged; Prostate; Transurethral Resection of Prostate; Quality of Life; Prospective Studies; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Treatment Outcome; Glucose
PubMed: 37929537
DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_278_23