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Cureus Feb 2024Introduction Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common pediatric bacterial infections and consequently a major reason for antibiotic treatment. Despite...
Introduction Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common pediatric bacterial infections and consequently a major reason for antibiotic treatment. Despite being a global problem, antimicrobial resistance is often geographically heterogeneous. Thus, it is fundamental to know local epidemiology and practice frequent surveillance of each hospital's antibiograms. The aims of this study are to determine the local antimicrobial resistance profile in pediatric UTIs, to understand its evolution over 14 years, and finally, to infer if the currently instituted antibiotic empirical therapy remains effective. Materials and methods A retrospective observational study was performed through the analysis of urine cultures and respective antibiograms of children diagnosed with UTI from 2017 to 2019 in Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Algarve (Faro's unit, Portugal), followed by a comparison of the obtained data with the results of a similar study performed between 2003 and 2005. Results A total of 784 urine cultures were selected. was the most frequent microorganism (n = 561; 71.56%), followed by (n = 117; 14.92%) and (n = 40; 5.10%). The most commonly prescribed antibiotic was cefuroxime axetil (66.28%). had an increase in resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanate of 6.16% to 34.76% and cefuroxime axetil of 0.73% to 4.46%. had an increase in resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanate of 1.64% to 11.11%. had an increase in resistance to cefuroxime axetil (0%-27.50%) and nitrofurantoin (0%-47.50%). The three microorganisms showed a decrease in trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistance profiles, as well as low resistance profiles to fosfomycin. In fifty cases in which antibiotic empirical therapy was instituted, the isolated microorganism revealed resistance; 37 of these cases had a good evolution, maintaining the antibiotic empirical therapy. Discussion Local surveillance of antimicrobial resistance allows monitoring of the resistance trends and adequacy of empirical antibiotic therapy. This study's local resistance profile was distinct from other regions of the country and the world. Continuous local surveillance also potentiates the dissemination of the results to the concerned healthcare providers and the initiation of timely responsive measures, containing the increase in antimicrobial resistance. As was the commonest isolated microorganism, its antimicrobial profile should dictate antibiotic empirical therapy. This study supports that is not equivalent to resistance. Conclusion There was a significant increase in antimicrobial resistance profiles, especially to amoxicillin-clavulanate. Cefuroxime axetil remains the recommended antibiotic for empirical therapy in this hospital, although fosfomycin should be considered as an alternative in non-complicated cystitis in adolescent females. This study reinforces the importance of continuous local resistance surveillance as a preventive measure against the global increase in antimicrobial resistance.
PubMed: 38523919
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.54700 -
Scientific Reports Mar 2024In this study, green synthesis, characterizations, photocatalytic performance, and antibacterial applications of α-MnO nanoparticles are reported. The synthesized...
In this study, green synthesis, characterizations, photocatalytic performance, and antibacterial applications of α-MnO nanoparticles are reported. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET), Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), Photoluminescence (PL), and Differential reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) analysis. The investigation verified that the α-MnO nanoparticles possessed a cubic structure, with a crystallite size of 23 nm. The SEM and TEM techniques were used to study the nanoscale morphology of α- MnO nanoparticles, which were found to be spherical with a size of 30 nm. Moreover, the surface area was obtained as 149.9 m g utilizing BET analysis, and the band gap was determined to be 1.98 eV by DRS analysis. The photocatalysis performance of the α-MnO NPs was evaluated for degrading Eriochrome Black T (EBT) dye under visible light and degradation efficiency was 96% in 90 min. The photodegradation mechanism of EBT dye was clarified with the use of radical scavenger agents, and the degradation pathway was confirmed through Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis. Additionally, the produced nanoparticles could be extracted from the solution and continued to exhibit photocatalysis even after five repeated runs under the same optimal conditions. Also, the antibacterial activity of green synthesized α-MnO nanoparticles was investigated by using the broth microdilution method towards Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 (Gram-positive), Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 (Gram-positive), Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028 (Gram-negative), Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 7881 (Gram-negative), Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (Gram-negative), Proteus mirabilis ATCC 7002 (Gram-negative), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 (Gram-negative) bacterial strains.
Topics: Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Nanoparticles; Light; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Metal Nanoparticles; X-Ray Diffraction
PubMed: 38514667
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56666-2 -
Scientific Reports Mar 2024The increasing antimicrobial resistance requires continuous investigation of new antimicrobial agents preferably derived from natural sources. New powerful antibacterial...
The increasing antimicrobial resistance requires continuous investigation of new antimicrobial agents preferably derived from natural sources. New powerful antibacterial agents can be produced by simply combining oils that are known for their antibacterial activities. In this study, apricot seed oil (ASO), date seed oil (DSO), grape seed oil (GSO), and black seed oil (BSO) alone and in binary mixtures were assessed. Fatty acid profiles of individual oils and oil mixtures showed linoleic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, and linolenic acid contents. Linoleic acid was the most abundant fatty acid in all samples except for ASO, where oleic acid was the dominant one. GSO showed the highest total phenolic content while ASO showed the lowest one. Antibacterial screening was performed against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, and Staphylococcus aureus. Results showed antibacterial activity in all oils against tested strains except for ASO against S. aureus. Highest antibacterial activity recorded was for ASO against P. mirabilis. ASO-GSO mixture (AG) was the best mixture where it showed synergistic interactions against all strains except P. aeruginosa. In conclusion, seed oil mixtures are likely to show promising antibacterial activities against specific strains.
Topics: Vitis; Linoleic Acid; Prunus armeniaca; Staphylococcus aureus; Fatty Acids; Plant Oils; Oleic Acid; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Seeds
PubMed: 38503788
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54850-y -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2024, a prevalent urinary tract pathogen and formidable biofilm producer, especially in Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection, has seen a worrying rise in...
, a prevalent urinary tract pathogen and formidable biofilm producer, especially in Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection, has seen a worrying rise in multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains. This upsurge calls for innovative approaches in infection control, beyond traditional antibiotics. Our research introduces bacteriophage (phage) therapy as a novel non-antibiotic strategy to combat these drug-resistant infections. We isolated P2-71, a lytic phage derived from canine feces, demonstrating potent activity against MDR strains. P2-71 showcases a notably brief 10-minute latent period and a significant burst size of 228 particles per infected bacterium, ensuring rapid bacterial clearance. The phage maintains stability over a broad temperature range of 30-50°C and within a pH spectrum of 4-11, highlighting its resilience in various environmental conditions. Our host range assessment solidifies its potential against diverse MDR strains. Through killing curve analysis, P2-71's effectiveness was validated at various MOI levels against 37, highlighting its versatility. We extended our research to examine P2-71's stability and bactericidal kinetics in artificial urine, affirming its potential for clinical application. A detailed genomic analysis reveals P2-71's complex genetic makeup, including genes essential for morphogenesis, lysis, and DNA modification, which are crucial for its therapeutic action. This study not only furthers the understanding of phage therapy as a promising non-antibiotic antimicrobial but also underscores its critical role in combating emerging MDR infections in both veterinary and public health contexts.
Topics: Animals; Dogs; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteriophage P2; Proteus mirabilis; Biofilms; Bacteriophages
PubMed: 38500503
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1347173 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Feb 2024A retrospective study of microbiological laboratory results from 2020 to 2022, obtained from a veterinary diagnostic laboratory of the island of Gran Canaria, Spain,...
Microbiological Survey and Evaluation of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Microorganisms Obtained from Suspect Cases of Canine Otitis Externa in Gran Canaria, Spain.
A retrospective study of microbiological laboratory results from 2020 to 2022, obtained from a veterinary diagnostic laboratory of the island of Gran Canaria, Spain, focused on canine otitis cases, was performed. The objective of this study was to analyze the pathogen distribution, antimicrobial susceptibility, prevalence of multidrug resistant phenotypes and the role of coinfections in otitis cases in order to provide up-to-date evidence that could support effective control strategies for this prevalent pathology. A total of 604 submissions were processed for the diagnosis of canine external otitis. Of the samples analyzed, 472 were positive for bacterial or fungal growth (78.1%; 95% CI: 74.8-81.4%). A total of 558 microbiological diagnoses were obtained, divided in 421 bacterial (75.4%; 95% CI: 71.8-79.0%) and 137 fungal (24.6%; 95% CI: 20.9-28.1%) identifications. , and were the most prevalent microorganisms detected in clinical cases of otitis. High level antimicrobial resistance was found for (30.7%), (29.4%), (25.1%) and (19%). Multidrug-resistant phenotypes were observed in 47% of the bacteria isolated. In addition, a 26.4% prevalence of methicillin-resistant was detected. The high prevalence of antimicrobial resistant phenotypes in these bacteria highlights the current necessity for constant up-to-date prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility data that can support evidence-based strategies to effectively tackle this animal and public health concern.
PubMed: 38473127
DOI: 10.3390/ani14050742 -
Cureus Feb 2024Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGPN) is an uncommon chronic obstructive renal suppuration disease. Histopathologically, XGPN manifests as lipid-laden macrophage...
Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGPN) is an uncommon chronic obstructive renal suppuration disease. Histopathologically, XGPN manifests as lipid-laden macrophage infiltration in renal microstructure and inflammation of an engorged non-functional kidney. Nephrectomy is the standard therapeutic treatment, and the overall prognosis is good. Here, we report a case of XGPN presented as flank pain in an otherwise healthy child.
PubMed: 38455784
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.53666 -
JAC-antimicrobial Resistance Apr 2024A multicentre study evaluating NG-Test DetecTool OXA-23 for the detection of OXA-23 carbapenemase directly from positive blood cultures (PBCs).
OBJECTIVES
A multicentre study evaluating NG-Test DetecTool OXA-23 for the detection of OXA-23 carbapenemase directly from positive blood cultures (PBCs).
METHODS
The NG-Test DetecTool OXA-23 is an immunoassay that integrates a sample preparation device. We evaluated NG-Test DetecTool OXA-23 on 189 spiked and 126 clinical PBCs. The clinical samples' standard-of-care procedure consisted of bacterial identification from the first day of positivity by MALDI-TOF MS, conventional culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The immunoassay results were verified molecularly. The strains used for the spiked samples consisted of well-characterized and strains.
RESULTS
The NG-Test DetecTool OXA-23 was evaluated on 315 PBCs and revealed sensitivity of 100% (95% CI: 98.21%-100.00%) and specificity of 100% (95% CI: 96.73%-100.00%). It provided 204 true-positive results for OXA-23 in 196 bottles with carbapenem-resistant (CRAB) and 8 bottles with carbapenem-resistant and also provided 111 true-negative results. There were no false-positive and no false-negative results. Among the 315 PBCs studied, 83 clinical blood cultures collected in the ICU of a Greek university hospital, which were tested prospectively, all yielded CRAB, and OXA-23 was correctly detected in all samples from the first day of positivity using the NG-Test DetecTool OXA-23.
CONCLUSIONS
The NG-Test DetecTool OXA-23 has exhibited excellent sensitivity and specificity for OXA-23 detection in PBCs and can provide valuable information for appropriate selection of antibiotic therapy and early implementation of infection control measures.
PubMed: 38455379
DOI: 10.1093/jacamr/dlae029 -
Journal of Microbiology, Immunology,... Jun 2024Copper plays a role in urinary tract infection (UTI) and urinary copper content is increased during Proteus mirabilis UTI. We therefore investigated the effect of copper...
BACKGROUND
Copper plays a role in urinary tract infection (UTI) and urinary copper content is increased during Proteus mirabilis UTI. We therefore investigated the effect of copper on uropathogenic P. mirabilis and the underlying mechanisms, focusing on the virulence associated aspects.
METHODS
Mouse colonization, swarming/swimming assays, measurement of cell length, flagellin level and urease activity, adhesion/invasion assay, biofilm formation, killing by macrophages, oxidative stress susceptibility, OMPs analysis, determination of MICs and persister cell formation, RT-PCR and transcriptional reporter assay were performed.
RESULTS
We found that copper-supplemented mice were more resistant to be colonized in the urinary tract, together with decreased swarming/swimming, ureases activity, expression of type VI secretion system and adhesion/invasion to urothelial cells and increased killing by macrophages of P. mirabilis at a sublethal copper level. However, bacterial biofilm formation and resistance to oxidative stress were enhanced under the same copper level. Of note, the presence of copper led to increased ciprofloxacin MIC and more persister cell formation against ampicillin. In addition, the presence of copper altered the outer membrane protein profile and triggered expression of RcsB response regulator. For the first time, we unveiled the pleiotropic effects of copper on uropathogenic P. mirabilis, especially for induction of bacterial two-component signaling system regulating fitness and virulence.
CONCLUSION
The finding of copper-mediated virulence and fitness reinforced the importance of copper for prevention and therapeutic interventions against P. mirabilis infections. As such, this study could facilitate the copper-based strategies against UTI by P. mirabilis.
Topics: Proteus mirabilis; Animals; Urinary Tract Infections; Copper; Mice; Virulence; Biofilms; Proteus Infections; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Female; Phenotype; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Oxidative Stress; Macrophages; Bacterial Adhesion; Bacterial Proteins
PubMed: 38453541
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2024.02.007 -
Polymers Feb 2024Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a highly pure polysaccharide biopolymer that can be produced by various bacterial genera. Even though BC lacks functional properties, its...
Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a highly pure polysaccharide biopolymer that can be produced by various bacterial genera. Even though BC lacks functional properties, its porosity, three-dimensional network, and high specific surface area make it a suitable carrier for functional composite materials. In the present study, BC-producing bacteria were isolated from kombucha beverage and identified using a molecular method. Two sets of the BC hydrogels were produced in static conditions after four and seven days. Afterwards, two different synthesis pathways were applied for BC functionalization. The first method implied the incorporation of previously synthesized HAp/TiO nanocomposite using an immersion technique, while the second method included the functionalization of BC during the synthesis of HAp/TiO nanocomposite in the reaction mixture. The primary goal was to find the best method to obtain the functionalized material. Physicochemical and microstructural properties were analyzed by SEM, EDS, FTIR, and XRD methods. Further properties were examined by tensile test and thermogravimetric analysis, and antimicrobial activity was assessed by a total plate count assay. The results showed that HAp/TiO was successfully incorporated into the produced BC hydrogels using both methods. The applied methods of incorporation influenced the differences in morphology, phase distribution, mechanical and thermal properties, and antimicrobial activity against (ATCC 25923), (ATCC 25922), (ATCC 12453), and (ATCC 10231). Composite material can be recommended for further development and application in environments that are suitable for diseases spreading.
PubMed: 38399848
DOI: 10.3390/polym16040470 -
Microorganisms Feb 2024This study aimed to explore the phenotype and relationship of drug resistance genes in livestock and poultry farm wastewater and drinking water reservoirs to provide...
This study aimed to explore the phenotype and relationship of drug resistance genes in livestock and poultry farm wastewater and drinking water reservoirs to provide evidence for the transmission mechanisms of drug resistance genes, in order to reveal the spread of drug resistance genes in wastewater from intensive farms in Central China to urban reservoirs that serve as drinking water sources and provide preliminary data for the treatment of wastewater from animal farms to reduce the threat to human beings. DNA extraction and metagenomic sequencing were performed on eight groups of samples collected from four water reservoirs and four related wastewaters from animal farms in Central China. Metagenomic sequencing showed that the top 20 AROs with the highest abundance were _gene, _gene, , , , _gene_, _gene, , _gene, _gene, , , , , _gene, , _gene, , , and . The resistance genes mentioned above belong to the following categories of drug resistance mechanisms: antibiotic target replacement, antibiotic target protection, antibiotic inactivation, and antibiotic efflux. The resistomes that match the top 20 genes are and ; ; ; and . ; ; and ; and ; , , , , , , , , , and ; and ; , , , , , and ; and ; and ; , , and ; , , , , , , and . Unreported drug resistance genes and drug-resistant bacteria in Central China were identified in 2023. In the transmission path of drug resistance genes, the transmission path from aquaculture wastewater to human drinking water sources cannot be ignored. For the sake of human health and ecological balance, the treatment of aquaculture wastewater needs to be further strengthened, and the effective blocking of drug resistance gene transmission needs to be considered.
PubMed: 38399800
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12020396