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Frontiers in Psychology 2020Psychodrama is an effective psychotherapeutic model but interventions with adolescents require age-tailored techniques that maximize engagement and facilitate...
Psychodrama is an effective psychotherapeutic model but interventions with adolescents require age-tailored techniques that maximize engagement and facilitate communication processes. This study describes a novel adaptation of a therapeutic mask technique to psychodrama with adolescents. Over the course of eight group sessions of psychodrama, five adolescents (16 to 18 years-old) created their own mask and explored its therapeutic use. Their experiences were captured at the end of each session with the Helpful Aspects of Therapy (HAT) form, and at the end of the study with the Clinical Change Interview (CCI). Awareness/insight/self-understanding, empowerment and relief were the most significant aspects experienced by the adolescents, along with perceived increase of calmness and world connection, satisfaction in interpersonal communication and better emotional expression and regulation. The mask technique was experienced as a playful and engaging task that facilitated insight and interpersonal communication. Findings provide preliminary evidence on the clinical utility of mask-based psychodrama with adolescents.
PubMed: 33510672
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.588877 -
Frontiers in Psychology 2020This article presents the framework and explores the measurement, correlates, and outcomes of creative adaptability (CA), proposed here as the...
This article presents the framework and explores the measurement, correlates, and outcomes of creative adaptability (CA), proposed here as the cognitive-behavioral-emotional ability to respond creatively and adaptively to stressful situations. Data collection was in April 2020, during the peak of the outbreak of the Coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) in Israel. In Study 1, a sample of 310 adults completed the newly developed CA scale, as well as spontaneity, openness to experience, creative self-efficacy, and well-being measurements. The results of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses corroborated the 9-item CA scale's theorized underlying construct. The scale's validity and reliability were also supported. Exploratory analyses suggested that the association between CA and well-being was mediated by creative self-efficacy and that CA may buffer the impact of individuals' concern about Coronavirus on their well-being. In Study 2, short-term longitudinal data based on a sample of 71 students suggested that CA may predict lower psychological stress over time. Support for the CA scale's internal consistency reliability was obtained and its test-retest reliability was established. Overall, the results shed light on this new construct as a potential protective factor. Implications for theory, research, and practice are discussed.
PubMed: 33510671
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.588172 -
International Journal of Medical... Jan 2021We compared the effect of different didactic formats - e - learning and role-playing - on medical students' knowledge and counselling skills in smoking cessation...
OBJECTIVES
We compared the effect of different didactic formats - e - learning and role-playing - on medical students' knowledge and counselling skills in smoking cessation training.
METHODS
At a German medical school, 145 third-year students were randomly allocated to attend an online course with video examples or an attendance course with role-playing. Students were trained in smoking cessation counselling according to the 5A's (ask, advise, assess, assist, arrange) for approximately 90 minutes. Practical skills were measured in an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) and represent the primary endpoint of this prospective comparative study. Additionally, changes in theoretic knowledge were assessed by pre - and post - interventional questionnaires and a final written exam.
RESULTS
In the OSCE, overall scores were higher in the attendance group (Mdn=70.8 % vs. 62.8 %; U=119; p=.087, n=36), but a statistical advantage was only found in one single counselling sequence ("Assist": Mdn=66.7 % vs. 51.4 %; p = .049) and the rating of the standardised patients (M=4.7 vs. 4.2 out of 5 points, t=2.0, p=.028). Students' results (n=130) from self-assessment and written exams suggest that both approaches are equally well suited to increase theoretical knowledge. The online course was more time efficient (90 vs. 73 minutes).
CONCLUSIONS
Seminar and web-based training seem equally well suited for transferring knowledge and skills on tobacco cessation counselling. Considering their particular strengths, these two teaching approaches could be combined.
Topics: Computer-Assisted Instruction; Education, Medical; Humans; Prospective Studies; Role Playing; Smoking Cessation
PubMed: 33507877
DOI: 10.5116/ijme.5ff9.bccc -
International Journal of Environmental... Dec 2020This study was conducted to identify and compare the effects of two education programs for infection control-a simulation using standardized patients and a peer...
This study was conducted to identify and compare the effects of two education programs for infection control-a simulation using standardized patients and a peer role-play-on standard precaution knowledge, standard precaution awareness, infection-related anxiety, and infection control performance. This study used a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. A total of 62 undergraduate nursing students in their 3rd year participated in the study, and were assigned to the experimental and control groups, accordingly. The infection control education program was developed based on the analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation model. The program for the experimental group included lectures, skills training, simulation using standardized patients, and debriefing, while the control group participated in the usual infection control education, consisting of lectures, skills training, and peer tutoring practices. Both groups exhibited statistically significant increases in knowledge, awareness of standard precaution, and infection control performance after the intervention. Infection-related anxiety and infection control performance were significantly higher in the simulation using a standardized patient group. Both education programs influenced compliance with the standard precaution for infection control. The results of this study contribute to the evidence regarding effective educational methods to improve infection control.
Topics: Clinical Competence; Education, Nursing; Humans; Infection Control; Patient Simulation; Role Playing; Students, Nursing
PubMed: 33375222
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18010107 -
BMC Medical Education Nov 2020Simulation-based education (SBE) has many benefits for learners, but costs can limit embedding SBE in health professional curricula. Peer simulation involves students... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
BACKGROUND
Simulation-based education (SBE) has many benefits for learners, but costs can limit embedding SBE in health professional curricula. Peer simulation involves students portraying patient roles, and may reduce costs while still providing the benefits of other SBE experiences. However, the quality of the SBE may be impacted if students cannot portray authentic and realistic patient roles. The aim of this study was to investigate whether targeted education was associated with observable changes to physiotherapy students' abilities to portray patient roles in SBE.
METHODS
Second year pre-registration physiotherapy students (n = 40) participated. Students completed online and face-to-face education about SBE, patient portrayal skills, and how to portray a specific patient role. Students were video-recorded portraying patient roles in practical exams before and after the program. Three blinded independent assessors rated the overall quality of portrayals using a purpose-developed assessment instrument.
RESULTS
Twenty-three sets of pre- and post-program videos were analysed. Correlations between assessor scores spanned 0.62 to 0.82 for analyses of interest, which justified using average assessor ratings in analysis. Statistically significant higher scores were seen for post-program assessments for overall portrayal scores (mean difference 6.5, 95%CI [1.51-11.45], p = 0.013), accuracy (mean difference 3.4, 95%CI [0.69-6.13], p = 0.016) and quality (mean difference 3.1, 95%CI [0.64-5.49], p = 0.016).
CONCLUSIONS
Physiotherapy students appear capable of playing realistic patient roles. Peer simulation can be embedded into health professional programs, and education in patient role portrayal appears to be associated with improvements in portrayal quality and realism. Given these findings, further investigation, including testing program effects in a randomised study, is warranted.
Topics: Clinical Competence; Humans; Patient Simulation; Peer Group; Physical Therapy Modalities; Role Playing; Students
PubMed: 33243213
DOI: 10.1186/s12909-020-02382-0 -
Noro Psikiyatri Arsivi Sep 2020Relapse is one of the most common problems in the addiction treatment. The aim of this study was to increase the remission rates, reduce relapse rates and investigate...
INTRODUCTION
Relapse is one of the most common problems in the addiction treatment. The aim of this study was to increase the remission rates, reduce relapse rates and investigate the effect of psychodrama on depression, anxiety and locus of control after treatment in a group of inpatients diagnosed with opioid use disorder (OUD).
METHOD
The study was started with 13 inpatients diagnosed with OUD and completed with six members. In addition to psychoeducation, the psychodrama study of 13 sessions lasted. The control group consisted of six individuals with the same diagnosis and characteristics, who had only undergone psychoeducation. Hamilton Depression-Anxiety and Rotter Locus of Control Scales were applied to the participants before and after the group.
RESULTS
Anxiety rates decreased in both groups according to pre-test and post-test results. In the outpatient part of the study, five patients in the patient group remained in treatment and clean at the end of the fifth month and four at the end of the sixth month. In the control group only two people could remain in treatment and clean at the end of the sixth month. The most effective psychodrama techniques were empty chair, doubling and mirroring.
DISCUSSION
Both psychodrama techniques and SAMBA program are applications that reduce anxiety levels of patients. It was concluded that psychodrama applications aimed at increasing the internal control belief may be beneficial in terms of increasing the motivation of the patients and coping with relapse.
PubMed: 32952421
DOI: 10.29399/npa.25001 -
Nursing Open Sep 2020Due to a lack of standardized guidelines, it is necessary to verify the effectiveness of educational programmes for nursing students' systematic handover training.
BACKGROUND
Due to a lack of standardized guidelines, it is necessary to verify the effectiveness of educational programmes for nursing students' systematic handover training.
AIMS
This study aimed to develop a stepwise nursing handover programme and to examine its effects on awareness of handover Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation, communication self-efficacy and satisfaction with handover education.
DESIGN
This was a single-group repeated measures ANOVA study.
METHODS
This study was conducted in a nursing department, using a convenience sample of 25 senior nursing students from April 2 to June 22, 2018. The programme was divided into lectures, scenario role-playing and nursing case role-playing. The research questions were analysed using repeated measures ANOVA.
RESULTS
Awareness of handover Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation, communication self-efficacy and satisfaction with handover education gradually increased after each step of the programme. The stepwise nursing handover programme, progressing from low to high levels of learning, can be used to improve the nursing handover system and handover communication ability.
Topics: Communication; Humans; Learning; Patient Handoff; Role Playing; Students, Nursing
PubMed: 32802376
DOI: 10.1002/nop2.537 -
Journal of Behavior Therapy and... Mar 2021Negative beliefs about other's judgments play an important role in the development and maintenance of social anxiety disorder. The present experiment examined the... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Negative beliefs about other's judgments play an important role in the development and maintenance of social anxiety disorder. The present experiment examined the effects of role-playing followed by role reversal compared to role-playing twice on altering these negative cognitions.
METHODS
Thirty-six adult social anxiety patients were randomized into two conditions: a role-playing condition in which 18 participants role-played an anxiety-provoking social situation twice, or a role reversal condition in which 18 participants role-played an anxiety-provoking social situation followed by enacting the same situation using role reversal. Before the start of the experiment, patients were asked to report their negative cognitions about the other's judgments. Next, they were asked to rate the believability of these negative cognitions, as well as the probability and cost estimates of negative judgments by the other person, at three time-points: before the first block of role-playing, after the first block of role-playing, and after the second block of the experiment.
RESULTS
Results demonstrated that role-playing followed by role reversal had a stronger effect on the most negative cognitions than role-playing twice.
LIMITATIONS
The most important limitation of the present study is that there was no control group to assess the effects of role-playing alone. Moreover, the second block of the experiment was repetitive in role-playing, however, it was a new task in role reversal.
CONCLUSIONS
The results support the hypothesis that role reversal is an effective technique that can be used to correct negative cognitions about other's judgments in SAD.
Topics: Adult; Anxiety; Cognition; Female; Humans; Judgment; Male; Phobia, Social; Role Playing
PubMed: 32758672
DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2020.101599 -
Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy Jan 2021Supervision is an essential part of the training and work environment of health professionals, especially of psychotherapists and clinical/health psychologists. However,...
Supervision is an essential part of the training and work environment of health professionals, especially of psychotherapists and clinical/health psychologists. However, although the supervisory process is always a relational one and may therefore be influenced by attachment dynamics, the importance of the supervisory relationship for the professional's performance and the well-being of the supervisee has yet to be fully examined. In this cross-sectional observational study, the Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised (ECR-RD; avoidant and anxious attachment), the Supervisory Relationship Questionnaire (SRQ), the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and the Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC-13) were analysed for 346 (81.8% female) health professionals. Considering professional experience and number of supervision sessions as control variables, a better supervisory relationship negatively predicted burnout symptoms (β = -.31) but positively predicted sense of coherence (β = .31, both p < .01). The final model, including avoidant and anxious attachment as additional predictors, explained 30% of the variance in burnout symptoms and 41% of the variance in sense of coherence. The results underline the importance of the supervisory relationship for the well-being and the professional performance of health professionals. Interactions between the supervisory relationship and underlying attachment parameters should be further explored in future studies.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Burnout, Professional; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Health Personnel; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Object Attachment; Sense of Coherence; Surveys and Questionnaires; Young Adult
PubMed: 32691477
DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2494 -
Science and Engineering Ethics Dec 2020There is growing consensus that teaching computer ethics is important, but there is little consensus on how to do so. One unmet challenge is increasing the capacity of...
There is growing consensus that teaching computer ethics is important, but there is little consensus on how to do so. One unmet challenge is increasing the capacity of computing students to make decisions about the ethical challenges embedded in their technical work. This paper reports on the design, testing, and evaluation of an educational simulation to meet this challenge. The privacy by design simulation enables more relevant and effective computer ethics education by letting students experience and make decisions about common ethical challenges encountered in real-world work environments. This paper describes the process of incorporating empirical observations of ethical questions in computing into an online simulation and an in-person board game. We employed the Values at Play framework to transform empirical observations of design into a playable educational experience. First, we conducted qualitative research to discover when and how values levers-practices that encourage values discussions during technology development-occur during the design of new mobile applications. We then translated these findings into gameplay elements, including the goals, roles, and elements of surprise incorporated into a simulation. We ran the online simulation in five undergraduate computer and information science classes. Based on this experience, we created a more accessible board game, which we tested in two undergraduate classes and two professional workshops. We evaluated the effectiveness of both the online simulation and the board game using two methods: a pre/post-test of moral sensitivity based on the Defining Issues Test, and a questionnaire evaluating student experience. We found that converting real-world ethical challenges into a playable simulation increased student's reported interest in ethical issues in technology, and that students identified the role-playing activity as relevant to their technical coursework. This demonstrates that roleplaying can emphasize ethical decision-making as a relevant component of technical work.
Topics: Computers; Humans; Privacy; Role Playing; Students; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 32613325
DOI: 10.1007/s11948-020-00250-0