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Cureus Jun 2023Bullous lung lesions from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia, causing pneumothorax, are a rare complication, affecting up to 1% of infected patients. is an...
Bullous lung lesions from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia, causing pneumothorax, are a rare complication, affecting up to 1% of infected patients. is an aerobic, gram-negative bacteria known to cause opportunistic infection. We present a rare case of spontaneous pneumothorax from rupture of lung bulla as a late sequela from COVID-19 pneumonia and superinfection of the bulla by . Although superinfection of bullous lesions is known, this is the first reported case of pneumonia in a patient with COVID-19 lung bullae. COVID-19 patients are at heightened risk for bullous lung lesions and superinfection by opportunistic organisms; thus, they should be followed up closely.
PubMed: 37404396
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.39910 -
Annals of Agricultural and... Jun 2023The aims of this study were to search for the presence of bacteria in sea snails () by using culturomics and Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight...
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE
The aims of this study were to search for the presence of bacteria in sea snails () by using culturomics and Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), and the antibiotic resistance/susceptibility of the sea snails.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The anti-microbial susceptibilities of Gram-negative bacteriawas assessed by the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method, the presence of the genes (mcr-1 to -5), the major carbapenemase and β-lactamase resistant genes in Gram-negative bacteria, using mPCR method and 16S rRNA sequence analysis of isolates.
RESULTS
Bacterial growth accounted for 100% and 94.2% in the samples of intestine and meat, respectively, in the snails. The main organisms identified by MALDI-TOF MS were subsp. salmonicida at 33.7%, followed by at 9.6% (10/104) and at 7.7% in meat and intestine samples. and are intrinsic or chromosomally-mediated resistant against ampicillin. No genes (-1 to -5), the major carbapenemase and β-lactamase resistant genes were found. subsp. showed very low levofloxacin and meropenem resistance levels at 2.9%. When the sequence was searched in the Blast database, the genome of isolate showed high similarity with the sequences.
CONCLUSIONS
Conclusions. The findings obtained not only provide data about the proportion of bacteria in the gut and meat of the sea snails and their antibiotic resistance/susceptibility, but also show the absence of carbapenemase, colistin, and β-lactamase resistant genes among bacterial isolates from sea snail gut microbes.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Anti-Infective Agents; Snails
PubMed: 37387372
DOI: 10.26444/aaem/163582 -
Microbiology Spectrum Aug 2023Scombrotoxin (histamine) fish poisoning is a common seafood-borne illness attributed to toxin production by histamine-producing bacteria (HPB) in fish tissues during...
Scombrotoxin (histamine) fish poisoning is a common seafood-borne illness attributed to toxin production by histamine-producing bacteria (HPB) in fish tissues during decomposition. In laboratory studies, growth of HPB and other bacterial species is affected by physical and chemical attributes, but natural communities of HPB are not well understood. To determine how environmental and water quality variables may affect density of HPB in the natural aquatic environment, we compared presence and abundance of HPB to ambient temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, fecal coliforms, male-specific coliphage, nutrient concentrations, carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios, and C:N in water samples collected from July 2017 to February 2018 along a natural salinity gradient in a tidal river on the coast of northern Gulf of Mexico. HPB in water samples were quantified using a real-time PCR, most probable number method. HPB species were identified via 16S rRNA gene sequences. Temperature and salinity were determined to be the main factors driving HPB presence and concentration. Canonical correspondence analysis revealed that different HPB were associated with different environmental conditions. Photobacterium damselae was found under warmer, higher-salinity conditions; Raoultella planticola was found at colder, lower-salinity conditions; Enterobacter aerogenes was found at warmer, lower-salinity conditions; and Morganella morganii was found at most sites, independent of environmental conditions. These results showed that naturally occurring HPB abundance and species composition can be affected by environmental conditions, which could manifest in various potentials for histamine formation and scombrotoxin fish poisoning risk based on environmental factors. This study determined the effects of environmental conditions on presence and abundance of naturally occurring histamine-producing bacteria in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Here, we show that HPB abundance and species composition are related to ambient temperature and salinity, with the magnitude of this effect dependent on the particular HPB species. This finding suggests that environmental conditions at fishing sites could affect the risk of human illness from scombrotoxin (histamine) fish poisoning.
Topics: Animals; Male; Humans; Histamine; Gulf of Mexico; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Water Quality; Bacteria; Foodborne Diseases
PubMed: 37310253
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04720-22 -
Archives of Razi Institute Dec 2022Due to the increased resistance to antibiotics and chemical biocides, the use of bacterial exopolysaccharides has been considered. The objective of the current study was...
Due to the increased resistance to antibiotics and chemical biocides, the use of bacterial exopolysaccharides has been considered. The objective of the current study was to investigate the strength of the antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of EPS extracted from and because previous studies showed there were structural differences between EPS, during this study, EPS extracted from and by ethanol precipitation method and estimated antibacterial and antibiofilm activity against several Oral Bacteria (, , , , in different concentration as (100,150,200,250,300 mg/ml ), the results showed carbohydrates rate in extracted EPS from and were recorded was 85, 80 % respectively.The concentration 100 and 150 mg/ml for EPS from and , there was no inhibitory effect, except in (1.1±0.10) and (1.0±0.10) at 100 mg/ml, 3.1±2.01, 2.1±0.54 mg/ml respectively at 150 mg/ml concentration but no significant differences (≤0.05). However, the antibacterial effect of that EPSs started at the concentration of 200 and upwards, where different results were recorded between the concentrations of both EPSs against all bacteria isolated (P≤0.05), On the other hand, the effect of EPS from and was clear against the formation of biofilm compared with the control, worth mentioning that EPS from was more effective compared with EPS from in all isolates (≤0.05) except for where it was noted that the EPS from is more effective than EPS from . Through the results obtained in this study, it was noted that the difference in the structural nature of EPS has an important role in its effectiveness as an antibacterial and anti-biofilm formation and, as it was found that the EPS from showed more effectiveness than EPS from and thus the mechanism of preventing and inhibiting bacteria depending of the structural nature of EPS.
Topics: Animals; Limosilactobacillus reuteri; Streptococcus mitis; Staphylococcus aureus; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biofilms
PubMed: 37274871
DOI: 10.22092/ARI.2022.358341.2203 -
Frontiers in Plant Science 2023Zinc (Zn) is an indispensable element for proper plant growth. A sizeable proportion of the inorganic Zn that is added to soil undergoes a transformation into an...
Zinc (Zn) is an indispensable element for proper plant growth. A sizeable proportion of the inorganic Zn that is added to soil undergoes a transformation into an insoluble form. Zinc-solubilizing bacteria (ZSB) have the potential to transform the insoluble Zn into plant-accessible forms and are thus promising alternatives for Zn supplementation. The current research was aimed at investigating the Zn solubilization potential of indigenous bacterial strains and to evaluate their impact on wheat growth and Zn biofortification. A number of experiments were conducted at the National Agriculture Research Center (NARC), Islamabad, during 2020-21. A total of 69 strains were assessed for their Zn-solubilizing ability against two insoluble Zn sources (ZnO and ZnCO) using plate assay techniques. During the qualitative assay, the solubilization index and solubilization efficiency were measured. The qualitatively selected Zn-solubilizing bacterial strains were further tested quantitatively using broth culture for Zn and phosphorus (P) solubility. Tricalcium phosphate was used as insoluble source of P. The results showed that broth culture pH was negatively correlated with Zn solubilization, i.e., ZnO (r 0.88) and ZnCO (r 0.96). Ten novel promising strains, i.e., sp. NCCP-525, sp. NCCP-607, sp. NCCP-622, sp. NCCP-623, sp. NCCP-644, sp. NCCP-650, sp. NCCP-668, sp. NCCP-673, sp. NCCP-675, and sp. NCCP-680, were selected from the ecology of Pakistan for further experimentation on wheat crop based on plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) traits, i.e., solubilization of Zn and P in addition to being positive for H and S genes. Before evaluating the bacterial strains for plant growth potential, a control experiment was also conducted to determine the highest critical Zn level from ZnO to wheat growth using different Zn levels (0.1, 0.05, 0.01, 0.005, and 0.001% Zn) against two wheat varieties (Wadaan-17 and Zincol-16) in sand culture under glasshouse conditions. Zinc-free Hoagland nutrients solution was used to irrigate the wheat plants. As a result, 50 mg kg of Zn from ZnO was identified as the highest critical level for wheat growth. Using the critical level (50 mg kg of Zn), the selected ZSB strains were inoculated alone and in consortium to the seed of wheat, with and without the use of ZnO, in sterilized sand culture. The ZSB inoculation in consortium without ZnO resulted in improved shoot length (14%), shoot fresh weight (34%), and shoot dry weight (37%); with ZnO root length (116%), it saw root fresh weight (435%), root dry weight (435%), and Zn content in the shoot (1177%) as compared to the control. Wadaan-17 performed better on growth attributes, while Zincol-16 had 5% more shoot Zn concentration. The present study concluded that the selected bacterial strains show the potential to act as ZSB and are highly efficient bio-inoculants to combat Zn deficiency, and the inoculation of these strains in consortium performed better in terms of growth and Zn solubility for wheat as compared to individual inoculation. The study further concluded that 50 mg kg Zn from ZnO had no negative impact on wheat growth; however, higher concentrations hampered wheat growth.
PubMed: 37251763
DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1140454 -
Insects Apr 2023Nitrogen is a crucial element for the growth and development of insects, but herbivorous insects often suffer from nitrogen nutrition deficiencies in their diets. Some...
Nitrogen is a crucial element for the growth and development of insects, but herbivorous insects often suffer from nitrogen nutrition deficiencies in their diets. Some symbiotic microorganisms can provide insect hosts with nitrogen nutrition through nitrogen fixation. Extensive research has clearly demonstrated the process of nitrogen fixation by symbiotic microorganisms in termites, while evidence supporting the occurrence and significance of nitrogen fixation in the diets of the Hemiptera is less conclusive. In this study, we isolated a strain of from the digestive tract of a leafhopper, , and found that it had nitrogen-fixing capabilities. Fluorescence in situ hybridization results showed that it was located in the gut of the leafhopper. Genome sequencing revealed that possessed all the genes required for nitrogen fixation. We further evaluated the growth rate of in nitrogen-containing and nitrogen-free media and measured its nitrogenase activity through an acetylene reduction assay. The findings of these studies could shed light on how gut microbes contribute to our understanding of nitrogen fixation.
PubMed: 37233059
DOI: 10.3390/insects14050431 -
Journal of Microbiology and... Jul 2023Disposal of waste containing heavy metals into the environment is a major threat to human health and can result in toxic or chronic poisoning in aquatic life. In the...
Disposal of waste containing heavy metals into the environment is a major threat to human health and can result in toxic or chronic poisoning in aquatic life. In the current study, metal-resistant was isolated from metal-contaminated samples collected from the Tanjaro River, located southwest of Sulaymaniyah, Iraq. was identified by partial amplification of 16S rRNA. The uptake potency of heavy metals was assessed using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and indicated that removed 67, 89, 63.4, 55.6, 56.5, 65, and 61.9% of Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni, Zn, Co, and Fe, respectively. These removal rates were influenced by temperature, pH, and contact time; at 35°C and pH 5 with a change in the incubation time, the reduction rate improved from 89 to 95% for Pb, from 36.4 to 45% for Cu, and from 55.6 to 64% for Ni. Gene analysis indicated that contained , , , , and genes, but the gene was absent. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) images showed evidence of metal ion binding on the cell wall surface with different rates of binding. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) detected different mechanisms for metal particle localization; cell surface adsorption was the main mechanism for Pb, Zn, and Co uptake, while Cd, Ni, and Fe were accumulated inside the cell. The current study describes, for the first time, the isolation of from metal-contaminated water, which can be used as an eco-friendly biological expedient for the remediation and detoxification of metals from contaminated environments.
Topics: Humans; Cadmium; Biodegradation, Environmental; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Lead; Metals, Heavy; Environmental Monitoring
PubMed: 37164756
DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2212.12045 -
The Science of the Total Environment Aug 2023Here we report the detection of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) isolated from Swedish wastewater and gull faeces. CPE have not been detected in samples...
Here we report the detection of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) isolated from Swedish wastewater and gull faeces. CPE have not been detected in samples from animals in Sweden preceding this report. Sampling of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) inlet and outlet, sedimentation basins, surface seawater from key aquatic bird habitats and freshly deposited gull faeces was done on six separate occasions during May to September 2021. Following broth enrichment, selective screening of putative CPE was performed on mSuperCarba™ (CHROMagar). Species identification was done with MALDI-TOF. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed according to EUCAST. In total, seventeen CPE were verified by genome sequencing carrying bla, bla, bla or bla. The bla was carried on IncP plasmids in four different species; Escherichia coli ST10 isolated from WWTP outlet, Raoultella ornithinolytica isolated from WWTP inlet, outlet and sedimentation basins as well as gull faeces collected at the WWTP and Klebsiella spp. isolates from WWTP inlet and outlet. The genetic environment surrounding bla was similar in two Citrobacter freundii causing human infections. The bla was carried on IncFII(Yp) plasmids in four Enterobacter ludwigii, isolated from WWTP outlet and gull faeces collected at a recreational city park 2 km from the WWTP. The bla was located on a COLKP3 plasmid found in an E. coli, while bla was chromosomally located in an E. coli ST10, both isolated from WWTP inlet. Phylogenetic analysis of R. ornithinolytica and E. ludwigii isolates indicate that the gulls carried strains related to those identified in the WWTP samples. The results thus add to the increasing evidence of WWTPs as anthropogenic reservoirs for mobile genetic elements with antibiotic-resistance functionality. Such environments could profoundly impact the dissemination and spread of such genetic elements via for example aquatic birds, thereby warranting further study and surveillance.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Wastewater; Charadriiformes; Sweden; Escherichia coli; Phylogeny; Bacterial Proteins; beta-Lactamases; Plasmids; Water Purification; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
PubMed: 37164093
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163997 -
Applied and Environmental Microbiology May 2023Contamination of berries and leafy greens with human norovirus (HuNoV) is a major cause of outbreaks of epidemic gastroenteritis worldwide. Using murine norovirus type 1...
Contamination of berries and leafy greens with human norovirus (HuNoV) is a major cause of outbreaks of epidemic gastroenteritis worldwide. Using murine norovirus type 1 (MNV-1) and Tulane virus, we studied the possible extension of HuNoV persistence by biofilm-producing epiphytic bacteria on fresh produce. Nine bacterial species frequently found on the surface of berries and leafy greens (Bacillus cereus, Enterobacter cloacae, Escherichia coli, Kocuria kristinae, Lactobacillus plantarum, Pantoea agglomerans, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Raoultella terrigena, and Xanthomonas campestris) were evaluated for the ability to form biofilms in the MBEC Assay Biofilm Inoculator and in 96-well microplates. The biofilm-forming bacteria were further tested for binding MNV-1 and Tulane virus and the ability to protect them against loss of capsid integrity upon exposure to disinfecting pulsed light at a fluence of 11.52 J/cm. Based on viral reductions, MNV-1 did not benefit from attachment to biofilm whereas Tulane virus was significantly more resistant than the control when attached to biofilms of E. cloacae (0.01), E. coli (0.01), (0.01), (0.05), or P. fluorescens (0.0001). Enzymatic dispersion of biofilm and microscopic observations suggest that the biofilm matrix composition may contribute to the virus resistance. Our results indicate that direct virus-biofilm interaction protects Tulane virus against disinfecting pulsed light, and that HuNoV on fresh produce therefore might resist such treatment more than suggested by laboratory tests so far. Recent studies have shown that bacteria may be involved in the attachment of HuNoV to the surface of fresh produce. Because these foods are difficult to disinfect by conventional methods without compromising product quality, nonthermal nonchemical disinfectants such as pulsed light are being investigated. We seek to understand how HuNoV interacts with epiphytic bacteria, particularly with biofilms formed by bacterial epiphytes, with cells and extracellular polymeric substances, and to determine if it thus escapes inactivation by pulsed light. The results of this study should advance understanding of the effects of epiphytic biofilms on the persistence of HuNoV particle integrity after pulsed light treatment and thus guide the design of novel pathogen control strategies in the food industry.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Mice; Norovirus; Escherichia coli; Disinfectants; Food-Processing Industry; Bacteria
PubMed: 37154750
DOI: 10.1128/aem.00043-23 -
Cureus Mar 2023Owing to its accurate diagnosis, rapid turnaround time, cost effectivity, and less rates of error, Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time of Flight (MALDI-TOF)...
Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time of Flight (MALDI-TOF) as an Indispensable Tool in Diagnostic Bacteriology: A Comparative Analysis With Conventional Technique.
INTRODUCTION
Owing to its accurate diagnosis, rapid turnaround time, cost effectivity, and less rates of error, Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time of Flight (MALDI-TOF) has replaced most of the phenotypic methods of identification. Thus, the objective of this study was to compare and evaluate MALDI-TOF MS to conventional biochemical-to identify bacterial microorganisms.
METHODS
Different bacterial species isolated from 2010 to 2018 (pre-MALDI-TOF era), using routine bio-chemicals were compared to bacterial species isolated from 2019 to August 2021 (post MALDI-TOF), using MALDI-TOF, in the microbiology laboratory of a tertiary care hospital in North India. Chi-Square test (χ2) was used for the evaluation of bacterial identification between biochemical tests and MALDI-TOF MS association with a 95% confidence interval, considering wrong identification in genera or at a species level.
RESULTS
Many different and new genera and species of bacteria could be identified using MALDI-TOF, which was not possible using only routine manual bio-chemicals like , Conclusion: Each of the newly identified bacteria played an important role in deciding treatment. Wide use of the MALDI-TOF system will not only strengthen diagnostic stewardship but also encourage antimicrobial stewardship programs.
PubMed: 37139282
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.36984