-
Scientific Reports Sep 2023
PubMed: 37670133
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41716-y -
Virus Evolution 2023The Asian bush mosquito is rapidly invading North America and Europe. Due to its potential to transmit multiple pathogenic arthropod-borne (arbo)viruses including Zika...
The Asian bush mosquito is rapidly invading North America and Europe. Due to its potential to transmit multiple pathogenic arthropod-borne (arbo)viruses including Zika virus, West Nile virus, and chikungunya virus, it is important to understand the biology of this vector mosquito in more detail. In addition to arboviruses, mosquitoes can also carry insect-specific viruses that are receiving increasing attention due to their potential effects on host physiology and arbovirus transmission. In this study, we characterized the collection of viruses, referred to as the virome, circulating in populations in the Netherlands and France. Applying a small RNA-based metagenomic approach to , we uncovered a distinct group of viruses present in samples from both the Netherlands and France. These included one known virus, narnavirus 1 (AejapNV1), and three new virus species that we named totivirus 1 (AejapTV1), anphevirus 1 (AejapAV1) and bunyavirus 1 (AejapBV1). We also discovered sequences that were presumably derived from two additional novel viruses: bunyavirus 2 (AejapBV2) and rhabdovirus 1 (AejapRV1). All six viruses induced strong RNA interference responses, including the production of twenty-one nucleotide-sized small interfering RNAs, a signature of active replication in the host. Notably, AejapBV1 and AejapBV2 belong to different viral families; however, no RNA-dependent RNA polymerase sequence has been found for AejapBV2. Intriguingly, our small RNA-based approach identified an ∼1-kb long ambigrammatic RNA that is associated with AejapNV1 as a secondary segment but showed no similarity to any sequence in public databases. We confirmed the presence of AejapNV1 primary and secondary segments, AejapTV1, AejapAV1, and AejapBV1 by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in wild-caught mosquitoes. AejapNV1 and AejapTV1 were found at high prevalence (87-100 per cent) in adult females, adult males, and larvae. Using a small RNA-based, sequence-independent metagenomic strategy, we uncovered a conserved and prevalent virome among mosquito populations. The high prevalence of AejapNV1 and AejapTV1 across all tested mosquito life stages suggests that these viruses are intimately associated with .
PubMed: 37636319
DOI: 10.1093/ve/vead041 -
Scientific Reports Jul 2023Italy was the first country in Europe to be hit by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2. Little research has been conducted to understand the economic...
Italy was the first country in Europe to be hit by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2. Little research has been conducted to understand the economic impact of providing care for SARS-CoV-2 patients during the pandemic. Our study aims to quantify the incremental healthcare costs for hospitalizations associated to being discharged before or after the first SARS-CoV-2 case was notified in Italy, and to a positive or negative SARS-CoV-2 notified infection. We used data on hospitalizations for 9 different diagnosis related groups at a large Italian Research Hospital with discharge date between 1st January, 2018 and 31st December 2021. The median overall costs for a hospitalization increased from 2410EUR (IQR: 1588-3828) before the start of the pandemic, to 2645EUR (IQR: 1885-4028) and 3834EUR (IQR: 2463-6413) during the pandemic, respectively for patients SARS-CoV-2 negative and positive patients. Interestingly, according to results of a generalized linear model, the highest increases in the average costs sustained for SARS-CoV-2 positive patients with respect to patients discharged before the pandemic was found among those with diagnoses unrelated to COVID-19, i.e. kidney and urinary tract infections with CC (59.71%), intracranial hemorrhage or cerebral infarction (53.33), and pulmonary edema and respiratory failure (47.47%). Our study highlights the economic burden during the COVID-19 pandemic on the hospital system in Italy based on individual patient data. These results contribute to the to the debate around the efficiency of the healthcare services provision during a pandemic.
Topics: Humans; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; Pandemics; Cross-Sectional Studies; Italy; Hospitals
PubMed: 37524912
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39592-7 -
Journal of Breast Imaging 2023To identify causes of technical repeats, determine whether differences exist between mobile and fixed mammography units, and evaluate the rate of improvement on repeat...
OBJECTIVE
To identify causes of technical repeats, determine whether differences exist between mobile and fixed mammography units, and evaluate the rate of improvement on repeat imaging.
METHODS
IRB approval was obtained for retrospective review of Enhancing Quality Using the Inspection Program (EQUIP) logs of screening mammography technical repeats performed from March 2017 to December 2018 at a hospital breast imaging center and from April 2017 to December 2018 on mobile mammography units. Frequency tables and Fisher's exact tests were used for statistical analysis.
RESULTS
Technical deficiencies were reported in 483 cases and reviewed by two or three auditors. Auditors identified no technical deficiencies in 31 cases, which were excluded. The remaining 452 cases were assigned a technical recall category: motion, positioning/excluded tissue, skin folds, artifacts, undercompression, or contrast (under/overexposure). Motion was the most common technical recall category (253/452, 56.0%). Positioning/excluded tissue was the second most common reason (150/452, 33.2%). Statistically significant differences in technical deficiencies were identified between mammograms performed on mobile versus fixed mammography units for motion (94/143, 65.7% vs 159/309, 51.5%, respectively, = 0.0058), skin folds (16/143, 11.2% vs 15/309, 4.8%, respectively, = 0.02), and positioning/excluded tissue (30/143, 21% vs 120/309, 38.8%, respectively, = 0.00016). Most recalls improved with repeat imaging (auditor 1: 451/483, 93% and auditor 2: 387/483, 80%).
CONCLUSION
Motion and positioning/excluded tissue are the most common reasons for screening mammography technical recalls. The reasons for technical recall differ between patients imaged on mobile and fixed mammography units, likely because of differences in each location's patient population.
PubMed: 37520155
DOI: 10.1093/jbi/wbad039 -
Cancers Jul 2023In fertility-sparing management (FSM), two different issues can be distinguished: the risk of recurrence/death and the chance of childbearing. Survival is the principal... (Review)
Review
In fertility-sparing management (FSM), two different issues can be distinguished: the risk of recurrence/death and the chance of childbearing. Survival is the principal outcome in oncology, and definitions of overall survival and progression-free survival are therefore well defined and widely accepted. The introduction of FSM to clinical practice was determined by the desire of young cancer patients to still have children. Initially, in small groups of patients, any pregnancy and/or childbirth were considered successes. Nowadays, FSM occupies an important place in cancer treatment, with thousands of young women treated successfully. However, in contrast to survival, no definition has been established for evaluating the reproductive outcomes of FSM. This review article evaluates the current pregnancy and birth rates of cancer patients. Differences between fertility-sparing and conservative treatment are analyzed, and improper and confusing interchangeable applications of these terms are pointed out. Additionally, various reasons for choosing FSM as a treatment method-which are not directly related to fertility preservation (treatment mismatch)-are presented. Uniform definitions of reproduction after FSM should be established to enable the comparison of results and facilitate the counseling of patients regarding the chances of reproduction.
PubMed: 37509232
DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143569 -
Radiology. Imaging Cancer Jul 2023
Topics: Artifacts; Phantoms, Imaging; Biopsy; Surgical Instruments
PubMed: 37505109
DOI: 10.1148/rycan.230090 -
Nucleic Acids Research Sep 2023In severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the non-structural protein NSP1 inhibits translation of host mRNAs by binding to the mRNA entry channel...
In severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the non-structural protein NSP1 inhibits translation of host mRNAs by binding to the mRNA entry channel of the ribosome and, together with the 5'-untranslated region (UTR) of the viral mRNAs, allows the evasion of that inhibition. Here, we show that NSP1 mediates endonucleolytic cleavages of both host and viral mRNAs in the 5'UTR, but with different cleavage patterns. The first pattern is observed in host mRNAs with cleavages interspersed regularly and close to the 5' cap (6-11 nt downstream of the cap). Those cleavage positions depend more on the position relative to the 5' cap than on the sequence itself. The second cleavage pattern occurs at high NSP1 concentrations and only in SARS-CoV-2 RNAs, with the cleavages clustered at positions 45, 46 and 49. Both patterns of cleavage occur with the mRNA and NSP1 bound to the ribosome, with the SL1 hairpin at the 5' end sufficient to protect from NSP1-mediated degradation at low NSP1 concentrations. We show further that the N-terminal domain of NSP1 is necessary and sufficient for efficient cleavage. We suggest that in the ribosome-bound NSP1 protein the catalytic residues of the N-terminal domain are unmasked by the remodelling of the α1- and α2-helices of the C-terminal domain.
Topics: Humans; COVID-19; Protein Biosynthesis; Ribosomes; RNA, Messenger; SARS-CoV-2; Viral Nonstructural Proteins
PubMed: 37503833
DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad627 -
RoFo : Fortschritte Auf Dem Gebiete Der... Nov 2023Sustainability is becoming increasingly important in radiology. Besides climate protection - economic, ecological, and social aspects are integral elements of...
BACKGROUND
Sustainability is becoming increasingly important in radiology. Besides climate protection - economic, ecological, and social aspects are integral elements of sustainability. An overview of the scientific background of the sustainability and environmental impact of radiology as well as possibilities for future concepts for more sustainable diagnostic and interventional radiology are presented below.The three elements of sustainability:1. EcologyWith an annually increasing number of tomographic images, Germany is in one of the leading positions worldwide in a per capita comparison. The energy consumption of an MRI system is comparable to 26 four-person households annually. CT and MRI together make a significant contribution to the overall energy consumption of a hospital. In particular, the energy consumption in the idle or inactive state is responsible for a relevant proportion.2. EconomyA critical assessment of the indications for radiological imaging is important not only because of radiation protection, but also in terms of sustainability and "value-based radiology". As part of the "Choosing Wisely" initiative, a total of 600 recommendations for avoiding unnecessary examinations were compiled from various medical societies, including specific indications in radiological diagnostics.3. Social SustainabilityThe alignment of radiology to the needs of patients and referring physicians is a core aspect of the social component of sustainability. Likewise, ensuring employee loyalty by supporting and maintaining motivation, well-being, and job satisfaction is an essential aspect of social sustainability. In addition, sustainable concepts are of relevance in teaching and research, such as the educational curriculum for residents in radiology, RADUCATION or the recommendations of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors.
KEY POINTS
· Sustainability comprises three pillars: economy, ecology and the social component.. · Radiologies have a high optimization potential due to a significant demand of these resources.. · A dialogue between medicine, politics and industry is necessary for a sustainable radiology.. · The discourse, knowledge transfer and public communication of recommendations are part of the sustainability network of the German Roentgen Society (DRG)..
CITATION FORMAT
· Palm V, Heye T, Molwitz I et al. Sustainability and Climate Protection in Radiology - An Overview. Fortschr Röntgenstr 2023; 195: 981 - 988.
Topics: Humans; Radiography; Radiology, Interventional; Curriculum; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Job Satisfaction
PubMed: 37348529
DOI: 10.1055/a-2093-4177 -
RoFo : Fortschritte Auf Dem Gebiete Der... Aug 2023Breast imaging represents an integral part of radiology and is subject to strict quality controls. Regarding this, precise diagnostics including multimodal assessment by...
PURPOSE
Breast imaging represents an integral part of radiology and is subject to strict quality controls. Regarding this, precise diagnostics including multimodal assessment by mammography, sonography, and MRI, including image-guided biopsy and localization procedures, is often decisive and must be performed by experts with profound knowledge and skills in all of these procedures.However, due to numerous restructurings, breast imaging has been shifted more and more towards large, specialized centers, resulting in less patient exposition and training opportunities for radiologists in smaller sites. The following whitepaper summarizes the current circumstances and discusses opinions of the participating societies.
MATERIALS
Under the leadership of the German Roentgen Society (DRG) and with the participation of the DRG's AG Mammadiagnostik, the CAFRAD (Chefarztforum Radiologie), the KLR (Konferenz der Lehrstuhlinhaber für Radiologie e. V.), the DRG's Forum Junge Radiologie (FJR) and the Berufsverband der Deutschen Radiologen e. V. (BDR), possible solutions were discussed and consented for a structured training in breast radiology in the future.
RESULTS
In addition to the teaching provided at the primary workplace, qualified training should be ensured through flexible, multi-institutional, interdisciplinary, and cross-sectoral collaboration. Furthermore, the integration of online case collections and close cooperation with certified breast cancer centers and mammography screening units is recommended. It is indispensible that online courses and case collections adhere to the standards of the national societies and include a maximum of one third of the required cases.
CONCLUSION
In order to provide training in breast radiology at a high professional level, a paradigm shift with closer cooperation of all participants is necessary. This includes close collaboration of the breast imaging societies with the federal medical associations to establish new teaching concepts like e-learning in the training schedule of radiologists.
KEY POINTS
· Breast diagnostics is an integral part of radiology training.. · Due to recent restructurings, smaller training centers have difficulties in meeting the case numbers demanded by the Specialist Training Regulations (WBO). Improved integration of the new structures and their adaptation to the needs of education are necessary to guarantee standardized high-quality training of young radiologists.. · The integration of certified case collections enables quality-assured training, even across regions in online-based formats. In accordance with the "blended learning principle", up to one-third of the required number of patient studies can be substituted with cases from a certified case collection.. · Legally secured short- and medium-term internships may complement training in radiology..
CITATION FORMAT
· Sauer ST, Bley TA, Wenkel E et al. Whitepaper: Training in Diagnostic and Interventional Breast Radiology. Fortschr Röntgenstr 2023; 195: 699 - 706.
Topics: Humans; Radiology, Interventional; Curriculum; Learning; Mammography; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 37348527
DOI: 10.1055/a-2081-3549