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BMC Public Health Jun 2024Responsive feeding, when caregivers attend to children's signals of hunger and satiation and respond in an emotionally supportive and developmentally appropriate way, is...
BACKGROUND
Responsive feeding, when caregivers attend to children's signals of hunger and satiation and respond in an emotionally supportive and developmentally appropriate way, is associated with the development of healthy eating behaviors, improved diet quality, and healthy weight status for children. However, gaps in the literature remain on how factors, such as maternal depressive symptoms and child temperament, influence feeding interactions.
METHODS
This longitudinal secondary data analysis explored the association between maternal depressive symptom trajectory and child temperament with maternal feeding practices in women with obesity who participated in a prenatal lifestyle intervention trial. Mothers self-reported depressive symptoms at baseline, 35 weeks gestation, and 6, 12, and 18 months postpartum. At 18- and 24-months postpartum, mothers completed self-reported assessments of feeding practices and child temperament and completed in-home video-recorded meals with their child, coded using the Responsiveness to Child Feeding Cues Scale. We used group-based trajectory modeling to identify distinct trajectories of depressive symptoms and generalized regressions to assess the association between symptom trajectory group and feeding. We also explored interactions between depressive symptoms and child temperament.
RESULTS
Three distinct trajectories of depressive symptoms were identified: No-Minimal and Decreasing, Mild-Moderate and Stable, and Moderate-Severe and Stable. At 18-months, when compared to the No-Minimal and Decreasing group, membership in the Moderate-Severe and Stable group was associated with higher observed responsiveness to child satiation cues ([Formula: see text] =2.3, 95%CI = 0.2, 4.4) and lower self-reported pressure to eat ([Formula: see text]=-0.4, 95%CI= -0.7, 0.0). When compared to the No-Minimal and Decreasing group, membership in the Mild-Moderate and Stable group was associated with higher self-reported restriction ([Formula: see text] =0.4, 95%CI = 0.0,0.7). The associations between trajectory group membership and feeding practices did not reach statistical significance at 24 months. Associations between depressive symptoms and restriction were moderated by child effortful control at 18 months [Formula: see text]) and surgency at 24 months [Formula: see text]).
CONCLUSION
A Moderate-Severe and Stable depressive symptom trajectory was associated with more responsive feeding practices and a Mild-Moderate and Stable trajectory was associated with higher restrictive feeding. Preliminary evidence suggests that depressive symptoms impact mothers' ability to match their use of restriction to the temperamental needs of their child.
Topics: Humans; Female; Depression; Feeding Behavior; Adult; Longitudinal Studies; Mothers; Infant; Temperament; Pregnancy; Mother-Child Relations; Obesity; Male
PubMed: 38898428
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19110-8 -
Nutrients May 2024The consumption of protein-rich foods stimulates satiety more than other macronutrient-rich foods; however, the underlying mechanisms-of-action are not...
Examining the Direct and Indirect Effects of Postprandial Amino Acid Responses on Markers of Satiety following the Acute Consumption of Lean Beef-Rich Meals in Healthy Women with Overweight.
The consumption of protein-rich foods stimulates satiety more than other macronutrient-rich foods; however, the underlying mechanisms-of-action are not well-characterized. The objective of this study was to identify the direct and indirect effects of postprandial amino acid (AA) responses on satiety. Seventeen women (mean ± SEM, age: 33 ± 1 year; BMI: 27.8 ± 0.1 kg/m) consumed a eucaloric, plant-based diet containing two servings of lean beef/day (i.e., 7.5 oz (207 g)) for 7 days. During day 6, the participants completed a 12 h controlled-feeding, clinical testing day including repeated satiety questionnaires and blood sampling to assess pre- and postprandial plasma AAs, PYY, and GLP-1. Regression and mediation analyses were completed to assess AA predictors and hormonal mediators. Total plasma AAs explained 41.1% of the variance in perceived daily fullness ( < 0.001), 61.0% in PYY ( < 0.001), and 66.1% in GLP-1 ( < 0.001) concentrations, respectively. Several individual AAs significantly predicted fluctuations in daily fullness, PYY, and GLP-1. In completing mediation analyses, the effect of plasma leucine on daily fullness was fully mediated by circulating PYY concentrations (indirect effect = B: 0.09 [Boot 95% CI: 0.032, 0.17]) as no leucine-fullness direct effect was observed. No other mediators were identified. Although a number of circulating AAs predict satiety, leucine was found to do so through changes in PYY concentrations in middle-aged women.
Topics: Humans; Female; Adult; Postprandial Period; Amino Acids; Red Meat; Peptide YY; Satiation; Overweight; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; Biomarkers; Meals; Animals; Cattle; Satiety Response
PubMed: 38892651
DOI: 10.3390/nu16111718 -
Frontiers in Nutrition 2024Raw materials and process parameters in bread production can modulate the glycemic index, which on itself has been linked with provision of better hunger satisfaction...
Raw materials and process parameters in bread production can modulate the glycemic index, which on itself has been linked with provision of better hunger satisfaction and maintaining better satiation. The objective of this research was to investigate if using unrefined wheat flour or the addition of intact cereals in formulation or alternating the baking time would have an effect on physical characteristics, sensory quality, glycaemic index and appetite sensations in wheat sourdough bread. In the study, three types of commercial part-baked frozen sourdough bread, baked to the final baking for two different times (long and short baking time) were used. A randomized controlled crossover trial was performed with 10 healthy adults who consumed sufficient quantity of bread to ingest 50 g available carbohydrates. Participants self-reported appetite sensations (desire to eat, hunger, fullness, satisfaction, appetite) on a 10 cm visual analog scale (VAS) scale in a course of 180 min. In addition, bread products were subjected to overall acceptability and different sensory attributes were examined on JAR "just about right" scale. Different bread formulations (refined flour, unrefined wheat flour, cereal flour or intact cereals) and different length of baking time significantly influenced ( < 0.005) physical, textural and sensory features of products. The alternation of aforementioned parameters decreased the glycemic index, but not significantly ( > 0.005). No correlation was found between lower GI, satiety and satiation. Liking score and incremental area under the curve (iAUC) of satiety and satiation were calculated as highest in sourdough bread with added cereals.
PubMed: 38887499
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1370086 -
Trends in Ecology & Evolution Jun 2024Many perennial plants show mast seeding, characterized by synchronous and highly variable reproduction across years. We propose a general model of masting, integrating... (Review)
Review
Many perennial plants show mast seeding, characterized by synchronous and highly variable reproduction across years. We propose a general model of masting, integrating proximate factors (environmental variation, weather cues, and resource budgets) with ultimate drivers (predator satiation and pollination efficiency). This general model shows how the relationships between masting and weather shape the diverse responses of species to climate warming, ranging from no change to lower interannual variation or reproductive failure. The role of environmental prediction as a masting driver is being reassessed; future studies need to estimate prediction accuracy and the benefits acquired. Since reproduction is central to plant adaptation to climate change, understanding how masting adapts to shifting environmental conditions is now a central question.
PubMed: 38862358
DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2024.05.006 -
Research Square May 2024Satiation is the physiologic process that regulates meal size and termination, and it is quantified by the calories consumed to reach satiation. Given its role in energy...
Satiation is the physiologic process that regulates meal size and termination, and it is quantified by the calories consumed to reach satiation. Given its role in energy intake, changes in satiation contribute to obesity's pathogenesis. Our study employed a protocolized approach to study the components of food intake regulation including a standardized breakfast, a gastric emptying study, appetite sensation testing, and a satiation measurement by an test. These studies revealed that satiation is highly variable among individuals, and while baseline characteristics, anthropometrics, body composition and hormones, contribute to this variability, these factors do not fully account for it. To address this gap, we explored the role of a germline polygenic risk score, which demonstrated a robust association with satiation. Furthermore, we developed a machine-learning-assisted gene risk score to predict satiation and leveraged this prediction to anticipate responses to anti-obesity medications. Our findings underscore the significance of satiation, its inherent variability, and the potential of a genetic risk score to forecast it, ultimately allowing us to predict responses to different anti-obesity interventions.
PubMed: 38826309
DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4402499/v1 -
Appetite May 2024Terminating a meal after achieving satiation is a critical step in maintaining a healthy energy balance. Despite the extensive collection of information over the last... (Review)
Review
Terminating a meal after achieving satiation is a critical step in maintaining a healthy energy balance. Despite the extensive collection of information over the last few decades regarding the neural mechanisms controlling overall eating, the mechanism underlying different temporal phases of eating behaviors, especially satiation, remains incompletely understood and is typically embedded in studies that measure the total amount of food intake. In this review, we summarize the neural circuits that detect and integrate satiation signals to suppress appetite, from interoceptive sensory inputs to the final motor outputs. Due to the well-established role of cholecystokinin (CCK) in regulating the satiation, we focus on the neural circuits that are involved in regulating the satiation effect caused by CCK. We also discuss several general principles of how these neural circuits control satiation, as well as the limitations of our current understanding of the circuits function. With the application of new techniques involving sophisticated cell-type-specific manipulation and mapping, as well as real-time recordings, it is now possible to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms specifically underlying satiation.
PubMed: 38801994
DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107512 -
Neuron May 2024Hungry animals need compensatory mechanisms to maintain flexible brain function, while modulation reconfigures circuits to prioritize resource seeking. In Drosophila,...
Hungry animals need compensatory mechanisms to maintain flexible brain function, while modulation reconfigures circuits to prioritize resource seeking. In Drosophila, hunger inhibits aversively reinforcing dopaminergic neurons (DANs) to permit the expression of food-seeking memories. Multitasking the reinforcement system for motivation potentially undermines aversive learning. We find that chronic hunger mildly enhances aversive learning and that satiated-baseline and hunger-enhanced learning require endocrine adipokinetic hormone (AKH) signaling. Circulating AKH influences aversive learning via its receptor in four neurons in the ventral brain, two of which are octopaminergic. Connectomics revealed AKH receptor-expressing neurons to be upstream of several classes of ascending neurons, many of which are presynaptic to aversively reinforcing DANs. Octopaminergic modulation of and output from at least one of these ascending pathways is required for shock- and bitter-taste-reinforced aversive learning. We propose that coordinated enhancement of input compensates for hunger-directed inhibition of aversive DANs to preserve reinforcement when required.
PubMed: 38795709
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2024.04.035 -
Complementary Therapies in Medicine Jun 2024Acupuncture stands out as a prominent complementary and alternative medicine therapy employed for functional dyspepsia (FD). We conducted a Bayesian meta-analysis to... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Acupuncture stands out as a prominent complementary and alternative medicine therapy employed for functional dyspepsia (FD). We conducted a Bayesian meta-analysis to ascertain both the relative effectiveness and safety of various acupuncture methods in the treatment of functional dyspepsia.
METHODS
We systematically searched eight electronic databases, spanning from their inception to April 2023. The eligibility criteria included randomized controlled trials investigating acupuncture treatments for FD. Study appraisal was conducted using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Pairwise and network meta-analyses were conducted using RevMan 5.3 and ADDIS V.1.16.6 software. Bayesian network meta-analysis was performed to compare and rank the efficacy of different acupuncture therapies for FD symptoms.
RESULTS
This study found that combining different acupuncture methods or using acupuncture in conjunction with Western medicine is more effective in improving symptoms of functional dyspepsia compared to using Western medicine alone. According to the comprehensive analysis results, notably, the combination of Western medicine and acupuncture exhibited superior efficacy in alleviating early satiation and postprandial fullness symptoms. For ameliorating epigastric pain, acupuncture combined with moxibustion proved to be the most effective treatment, while moxibustion emerged as the optimal choice for addressing burning sensations. Warming needle was identified as the preferred method for promoting motilin levels.
CONCLUSION
The findings of this study demonstrate that acupuncture, both independently and in conjunction with other modalities, emerged as a secure and effective treatment option for patients with functional dyspepsia.
Topics: Humans; Acupuncture Therapy; Bayes Theorem; Dyspepsia; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 38761869
DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2024.103051 -
Appetite May 2024Dietary protein modulates food intake (FI) via unclear mechanism(s). One possibility is that higher protein leads to greater post-ingestive heat production (Specific...
Dietary protein modulates food intake (FI) via unclear mechanism(s). One possibility is that higher protein leads to greater post-ingestive heat production (Specific dynamic action: SDA) leading to earlier meal termination (increased satiation), and inhibition of further intake (increased satiety). The influence of dietary protein on feeding behaviour in C57BL/6J mice was tested using an automated FI monitoring system (BioDAQ), simultaneous to body temperature (T). Total FI, inter meal intervals (IMI, satiety) and meal size (MS, satiation) were related to changes in T after consuming low (5%, LP), moderate (15%, MP) and high (30%, HP) protein diets. Diets were tested over three conditions: 1) room temperature (RT, 21 ± 1 °C), 2) room temperature and running wheels (RTRW) and 3) low temperature (10 °C) and running wheels (LTRW). The differences between diets and conditions were also compared using mixed models. Mice housed at RT fed HP diet, reduced total FI compared with LP and MP due to earlier meal termination (satiation effect). FI was lowered in RTRW conditions with no differences between diets. FI significantly increased under LTRW conditions for all diets, with protein content leading to earlier meal termination (satiation) but not the intervals between feeding bouts (satiety). T fell immediately after feeding in all conditions. Despite a reduction in total FI in mice fed HP, mediated via increased satiation, this effect was not linked to increased T during meals. We conclude effects of dietary protein on intake are not mediated via SDA and T.
PubMed: 38759755
DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107421 -
BioRxiv : the Preprint Server For... Apr 2024Obesity is a growing global health epidemic with limited effective therapeutics. Serotonin (5-HT) is one major neurotransmitter which remains an excellent target for new...
Obesity is a growing global health epidemic with limited effective therapeutics. Serotonin (5-HT) is one major neurotransmitter which remains an excellent target for new weight-loss therapies, but there remains a gap in knowledge on the mechanisms involved in 5-HT produced in the dorsal Raphe nucleus (DRN) and its involvement in meal initiation. Using a closed-loop optogenetic feeding paradigm, we showed that the 5-HT→arcuate nucleus (ARH) circuit plays an important role in regulating meal initiation. Incorporating electrophysiology and ChannelRhodopsin-2-Assisted Circuit Mapping, we demonstrated that 5-HT neurons receive inhibitory input partially from GABAergic neurons in the DRN, and the 5-HT response to GABAergic inputs can be enhanced by hunger. Additionally, deletion of the GABA receptor subunit in 5-HT neurons inhibits meal initiation with no effect on the satiation process. Finally, we identified the instrumental role of dopaminergic inputs via dopamine receptor D2 in 5-HT neurons in enhancing the response to GABA-induced feeding. Thus, our results indicate that 5-HT neurons are inhibited by synergistic inhibitory actions of GABA and dopamine, which allows for the initiation of a meal.
PubMed: 38746314
DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.26.591360