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Mitochondrial DNA. Part B, Resources 2024Maxim (1888) is a medicinal species of the genus in the Illiciaceae family. It is commonly used to cure gastro-frigid vomiting, cystic hernia, gas pains in the chest,...
Maxim (1888) is a medicinal species of the genus in the Illiciaceae family. It is commonly used to cure gastro-frigid vomiting, cystic hernia, gas pains in the chest, and scabies as folk medicine. To utilize its resources efficiently, the complete chloroplast genome of was sequenced, assembled, and annotated by using high-throughput sequencing data. The complete chloroplast genome was 143,038 bp in length, with a large single-copy region (LSC) of 101,094 bp, a short single-copy region (SSC) of 20,070 bp, and a pair of inverted repeats (IRs) of 21,874 bp. A total of 113 genes were annotated, including 79 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNA genes, and four rRNA genes. The phylogenetic tree exhibited that form a sister group, and were nested in the monophyletic clade of the genus.
PubMed: 38800621
DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2024.2356753 -
Narra J Apr 2024Norwegian scabies is a rare scabies with the manifestation of thick crusts of the extremities of the skin that contain eggs and mites. Several conditions in which...
Norwegian scabies is a rare scabies with the manifestation of thick crusts of the extremities of the skin that contain eggs and mites. Several conditions in which scabies infection is easily transmitted include immunocompromised, home nursing, and severe neurological disorder. The aim of this case report was to present a thorough analysis of a comprehensive resource for the management of Norwegian scabies patients, with a specific focus on individuals who also have HIV or other immunocompromising diseases. A 1-year-and-7-month-old boy was presented to the hospital with a chief complaint of a thick crust that he had experienced for four months. It began as a red papule in the lower extremity, then crusted and spread to the whole body. The patient kept scratching due to itching, had a recurrent fever and diarrhea for three months, and cough for one month. The patient was diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and pulmonary tuberculosis at three months, suspected to get the infection from the parents. was found from microscopy examination of skin scraping. The patient received holistic treatment, including antiretroviral drugs, antituberculosis medication, scabies treatment, and malnutrition treatment. Appropriate scabies treatment aimed at peeling crusted skin, relieving itching, and increasing the patient ability to use the extremities. Comorbidity conditions caused by HIV and pulmonary tuberculosis should also be treated to optimize the outcome. The patient was discharged in good condition with sanitation education and regular follow-up at the outpatient clinic. This case highlights that infestation may be a clue to an immunocompromised condition. Holistic therapy aiming to cure underlying infection, infestation and underlying nutrition and psychosocial problems must be addressed to fully cure this high-burden case.
Topics: Humans; Scabies; Male; Infant; HIV Infections; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary; Immunocompromised Host
PubMed: 38798868
DOI: 10.52225/narra.v4i1.661 -
Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao. Yi Xue Ban =... Feb 2024One of the most common and significant symptoms for skin disorders is pruritus. Additionally, it serves as a significant catalyst for the exacerbation or reoccurrence of... (Review)
Review
One of the most common and significant symptoms for skin disorders is pruritus. Additionally, it serves as a significant catalyst for the exacerbation or reoccurrence of skin diseases. Pruritus seriously affects patients' physical and mental health, and even the quality of life. It brings a heavy burden to the patients, the families, even the whole society. The pathogenesis and regulation mechanisms for pruritus are complicated and have not yet been elucidated. Previous clinical studies have shown that itch worsens at night in scabies, chronic pruritus, atopic dermatitis, and psoriasis, suggesting that skin pruritus may change with circadian rhythm. Cortisol, melatonin, core temperature, cytokines, and prostaglandins are the main regulatory factors of the circadian rhythm of pruritus. Recent studies have shown that some CLOCK genes, such as , , , and , play an important role in the regulation of the circadian rhythm of pruritus by regulating the Janus tyrosine kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling pathways. However, the mechanisms for circadian clock genes in regulation of circadian rhythm of pruritus have not been fully elucidated. Further studies on the mechanism of circadian clock genes in the regulation of circadian rhythm of pruritus will lay a foundation for elucidating the regulatory mechanisms for pruritus, and also provide new ideas for the control of pruritus and the alleviation of skin diseases.
Topics: Pruritus; Humans; Circadian Rhythm; CLOCK Proteins; Signal Transduction; Melatonin; ARNTL Transcription Factors; NF-kappa B; Circadian Clocks
PubMed: 38755715
DOI: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2024.230397 -
Molecular Biology Reports May 2024Canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) is a common genetically predisposed, inflammatory, and pruritic skin disorder that affects dogs globally. To date, there are no specific...
BACKGROUND
Canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) is a common genetically predisposed, inflammatory, and pruritic skin disorder that affects dogs globally. To date, there are no specific biomarkers available to diagnose CAD, and the current diagnosis is based on a combination of criteria including patient history, clinical signs, and exclusion of other relevant differential diagnoses.
METHODS AND RESULTS
We examined the gene expression of phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), as well as miR-203 and miR-483 in plasma, in three groups: healthy dogs, CAD dogs, and other inflammatory pruritic skin diseases (OIPSD) such as pemphigus foliaceus, scabies, cutaneous lymphoma, and dermatophytosis. Our results showed that PDE4D gene expression in the CAD group is statistically higher compared to those in the healthy and OIPSD groups, suggesting PDE4D may be a specific marker for CAD. Nevertheless, no correlation was found between PDE4D gene expression levels and the lesion severity gauged by CAD severity index-4 (CADESI-4). We also showed that miR-203 is a generic marker for clinical dermatitis and differentiates both CAD and OIPSD inflammatory conditions from healthy controls.
CONCLUSIONS
We show that PDE4D is a potential marker to differentiate CAD from non-atopic healthy and OIPSD while miR-203 may be a potential marker for general dermatologic inflammation. Future study of PDE4D and miR-203 on a larger scale is warranted.
Topics: Dermatitis, Atopic; Animals; Dogs; MicroRNAs; Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 4; Biomarkers; Dog Diseases; Male; Leukocytes, Mononuclear; Female
PubMed: 38734860
DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09605-3 -
Scientific Reports May 2024Various kinds of pets have been known to contract the ectoparasite Sarcoptes scabiei. Current acaricides are becoming less effective because of the resistance developed...
Various kinds of pets have been known to contract the ectoparasite Sarcoptes scabiei. Current acaricides are becoming less effective because of the resistance developed by the mite besides their adverse effects on the general activity and reproductive performance of domestic pets. For this reason, the present study aims to discover a novel and safe approach using silver and gold nanoparticles to fight Sarcoptic mange in rabbits as well as to explain their mechanism of action. 15 pet rabbits with clinical signs of Sarcoptic mange that were confirmed by the microscopic examination were used in our study. All rabbits used in this study were assessed positive for the presence of different developing stages of S. scabiei. Three groups of rabbits (n = 5) were used as follows: group (1) didn't receive any treatment, and group (2 and 3) was treated with either AgNPs or GNPs, respectively. Both nanoparticles were applied daily on the affected skin areas via a dressing and injected subcutaneously once a week for 2 weeks at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg bwt. Our results revealed that all rabbits were severely infested and took a mean score = 3. The skin lesions in rabbits that didn't receive any treatments progressed extensively and took a mean score = of 4. On the other hand, all nanoparticle-treated groups displayed marked improvement in the skin lesion and took an average score of 0-1. All NPs treated groups showed remarkable improvement in the microscopic pictures along with mild iNOS, TNF-α, and Cox-2 expression. Both nanoparticles could downregulate the m-RNA levels of IL-6 and IFγ and upregulate IL-10 and TGF-1β genes to promote skin healing. Dressing rabbits with both NPs didn't affect either liver and kidney biomarkers or serum Ig levels indicating their safety. Our residual analysis detected AgNPs in the liver of rabbits but did not detect any residues of GNPs in such organs. We recommend using GNPs as an alternative acaricide to fight rabbit mange.
Topics: Animals; Rabbits; Metal Nanoparticles; Gold; Scabies; Silver; Sarcoptes scabiei; Skin
PubMed: 38724594
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60736-w -
International Journal of Surgery Case... Jun 2024Human scabies is a contagious skin condition caused by the Sarcoptes scabiei mite, leading to skin damage and subsequent mechanical irritation from scratching. This...
INTRODUCTION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE
Human scabies is a contagious skin condition caused by the Sarcoptes scabiei mite, leading to skin damage and subsequent mechanical irritation from scratching. This impaired skin integrity predisposes individuals to skin infections. While the association between scabies and skin infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes is well-documented, there is limited literature on the risk of surgical site infections in such cases.
CASE PRESENTATION
This case report aims to explore this risk by presenting a case of surgical site infection caused by Streptococcus pyogenes following surgery for a complex elbow injury in a patient with scabies infestation.
DISCUSSION
Scabies infestation leads to direct spread of bacteria and contributes to bacterial infection. Furthermore, complement inhibition and dysbiosis induced by the scabies may facilitate the occurrence of these bacterial infections.
CONCLUSION
Skin infections are frequently encountered in scabies infestations. Preferred incision should be evaluated meticulously before surgery. Further studies are needed to reach a definitive conclusion on this subject.
PubMed: 38723439
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2024.109747 -
Veterinary Parasitology Jun 2024In this study we analysed the effect of the temperature, diverse strains of Bacillus thuringiensis, Lysinibacillus sphaericus and nanoformulations with essential plant...
In this study we analysed the effect of the temperature, diverse strains of Bacillus thuringiensis, Lysinibacillus sphaericus and nanoformulations with essential plant oils (EONP) on the survival of Sarcoptes scabiei mites derived from naturally-infested Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica). In general, mites maintained at 12ºC survived more than those maintained at 35ºC (40.7 hr and 31.2 hr, respectively). Mites with no treatment survived 27.6 h on average. Mites treated with B. thuringiensis serovar. konkukian and geranium EONP showed significant reduction in their survival. Despite the fact that these agents seem to be promising candidates for controlling sarcoptic mange in the field, further research is still needed to get stable, efficient and eco-friendly acaricides.
Topics: Animals; Acaricides; Sarcoptes scabiei; Goats; Scabies; Biological Products; Goat Diseases; Bacillus thuringiensis; Oils, Volatile
PubMed: 38714065
DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110189 -
AME Case Reports 2024Crusted scabies is a rare form of parasitic infection provoked by a massive infestation of the ectoparasite varietas hominis on human skin. It is an extremely...
BACKGROUND
Crusted scabies is a rare form of parasitic infection provoked by a massive infestation of the ectoparasite varietas hominis on human skin. It is an extremely contagious type of disease and can even lead to a social stigma. In European countries like Greece, many cases remain undiagnosed for long periods, causing extreme distress in the patient's everyday life and social environment.
CASE DESCRIPTION
Herein, we present a case of an 86-year-old woman with crusted scabies in Greece, who remained undiagnosed for 5 months. Massive hyperkeratotic plaques on the extremities, and face, palmoplantar keratoderma, and numerous small erythematous papules on the torso with extreme itch were the main clinical manifestations of the patient. Dermoscopy revealed the parasite. All necessary decontamination measures were taken by personnel. Treatment was administered and a complete cure of the disease was observed.
CONCLUSIONS
In this case, the use of dermoscopy has attributed to precise crusted scabies diagnosis and acute pharmacological management of the patient. Early diagnosis of such diseases not only saves patients from lethal secondary infections, but also reduces the risk of a massive scabies outbreak. We also conducted a mini-review, analyzing all recent data concerning crusted scabies macroscopic, dermatoscopic, and histological images. All new information concerning the pathophysiological mechanism of crusted scabies manifestation, updated treatment options, and potential resistance to widely-used treatments are provided.
PubMed: 38711879
DOI: 10.21037/acr-23-125 -
Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational... 2024Dermatological consultation plays an important role in diagnosing and treating skin diseases in the Department of Geriatrics. The objective of this study is to provide...
OBJECTIVE
Dermatological consultation plays an important role in diagnosing and treating skin diseases in the Department of Geriatrics. The objective of this study is to provide an analysis of the factors leading geriatric inpatients to seek dermatological consultation, aiming to facilitate accurate diagnosis and effective treatment of skin diseases by healthcare professionals specializing in geriatrics and dermatology.
METHODS
The electronic health records of hospitalized patients in the Department of Geriatrics who applied for dermatological consultation at the Second Hospital of Shandong University from June 1, 2022, to June 1, 2023, were retrieved. Sex, age, number of consultations, reason for dermatology consultation, and final diagnosis by dermatologists were reviewed.
RESULTS
A total of 216 consultations of 178 patients (n=178, 95 men and 83 women) were collected in this study, of whom 153 (86.0%) required only one consultation, 19 (10.7%) required two consultations, and 4 (2.2%) required three consultations. The reasons for dermatology consultations were divided into three categories: the first was for the definitive diagnosis of a new skin condition that developed during the patient's hospitalization (n=165, 76.4%), the second was for the follow-up of the condition and adjustment of medication (n=40, 18.5%), and the third was for the evaluation of the patient's disease that existed before admission to the hospital (n=11, 5.1%). In 165 consultations, most of these diseases (n=131, 79.4%) can be diagnosed by patients' conscious symptoms and clinical manifestations. Some of them need to be diagnosed or differentially diagnosed with the help of supplementary examinations, such as microscopic examination of scabies or fungi, and pathological examination.
CONCLUSION
This study summarized the reasons for dermatology consultations for geriatric inpatients and found that dermatitis/eczema and infectious diseases were the common types of diseases consulted. The findings of this study contribute to the enhanced comprehension and management of dermatological conditions in hospitalized patients by geriatricians, as well as facilitating more efficient diagnosis and treatment by dermatologists.
PubMed: 38699408
DOI: 10.2147/CCID.S461156 -
International Journal of Infectious... Aug 2024Infective dermatitis associated with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1) (IDH) is a severe form of chronically infected eczema occurring in early childhood,... (Review)
Review
Infective dermatitis associated with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1) (IDH) is a severe form of chronically infected eczema occurring in early childhood, although very rarely cases have been reported in adults. Most of the cases are from Jamaica and Brazil and occur in individuals with low socioeconomic status. IDH is always associated with refractory Staphylococcus aureus or beta-hemolytic Streptococcus infection of the skin and nasal vestibules. Patients with IDH may develop other even more severe HTLV-1-associated diseases, such as HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) of early or late appearance and adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. In the context of the Brazilian experience, it has been observed that 54% of IDH patients exhibit the juvenile form of HAM/TSP while the estimated incidence of adult HAM/TSP is 3%. As there are no curative treatments for HTLV-1 infection (or vaccines) or most of its associated diseases, prevention of infection is fundamental, mainly by vertical transmission, as it is responsible for the development of IDH, infantojuvenile HAM/TSP, and ATL. Public measures to reduce this transmission must be implemented urgently. Furthermore, it is recommended, mainly in HTLV-1 endemic areas, to search for HTLV-1 infection in all patients with infected eczema, even in adults.
Topics: Humans; HTLV-I Infections; Human T-lymphotropic virus 1; Brazil; Paraparesis, Tropical Spastic; Adult; Dermatitis
PubMed: 38697604
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107058