-
Marine Drugs Nov 2022Novel personal care products are necessary to cope with the growing market demand for sustainable green products. In this context, this work deals with the formulation...
Novel personal care products are necessary to cope with the growing market demand for sustainable green products. In this context, this work deals with the formulation and fundamental physicochemical and rheological characterization of different natural personal care products using bioactive fractions from Chondrus crispus red macroalgae extracted under optimized green conditions. Body milks, body oils and shampoos were supplemented with soluble extracts with antioxidant features recovered after hydrothermal (200 °C) and microwave (170 °C)- and ultrasound (80 °C)-assisted extraction of the red macroalgae used as raw material. Formulated products were also compared with those prepared using (±)-α-tocopherol and butylhydroxytoluene standards. Body scrubs were formulated with the remaining solids (<2.25%) after microwave hydrodiffusion and gravidity treatment of the macroalgae. Results indicated that selected extracts provided personal care products with similar or even better physicochemical, color and viscous features than those supplemented with (±)-α-tocopherol or butylhydroxytoluene commercial antioxidants. Rheological profiles indicated that it is possible to develop personal care products with adequate viscous behavior (102−105 mPa s, at 1 s−1), comparable with their synthetic counterparts. To conclude, the addition of antioxidant extracts led to lower apparent viscosity values suggesting an advantage from the skin applicability point of view, jointly with the absence of both the hysteresis phenomenon and water syneresis of the proposed formulations.
Topics: Chondrus; Antioxidants; Butylated Hydroxytoluene; alpha-Tocopherol; Seaweed; Cosmetics
PubMed: 36355018
DOI: 10.3390/md20110695 -
Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin 2022The skin is an important barrier that protects against invasion by foreign substances, including irritants and harmful microorganisms, and holds water in the body....
The skin is an important barrier that protects against invasion by foreign substances, including irritants and harmful microorganisms, and holds water in the body. Washing the skin with cleansers and shampoos containing anionic surfactants, for example sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), is important for maintaining skin homeostasis. However, surfactants can cause dermatitis, cutaneous hypersensitivity (e.g., alloknesis), and pruritus in humans. Our previous studies revealed an alloknesis response in the skin with SDS-induced dermatitis in C57BL/6 mice. In addition, we found that alloknesis responses and afterdischarge responses following stimulation with light touch are related because they are observed contemporaneously. In this study, we used Hos:HR-1 hairless mice to establish a mouse model to evaluate long-term drug application for alloknesis responses. Alloknesis was observed in HR-1 mice with SDS-induced dermatitis. The mean number of c-Fos (a marker of neural activity) immunopositive neurons was increased in the lamina 1-2 (L1-2) spinal dorsal horn, but not in L3-4, of SDS-treated HR-1 mice compared to vehicle-treated mice. We also discovered that afterdischarge responses were observed in neurons in L1-2. There was also a correlation between the intensity of the afterdischarge responses and depth of the recording site. Thus, the following were suggested: 1) neurons that mediate these afterdischarge responses are located on the superficial layer of the spinal cord; 2) afterdischarge responses can be an index of alloknesis responses, and 3) the mouse model of SDS-induced dermatitis is an appropriate alloknesis model.
Topics: Humans; Mice; Animals; Mice, Hairless; Irritants; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Posterior Horn Cells; Spinal Cord Dorsal Horn; Dermatitis, Irritant; Disease Models, Animal; Surface-Active Agents
PubMed: 36328504
DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b22-00507 -
Scientific Reports Oct 2022Cosmetic and personal care products are considered an essential part of our daily care routine; hence, these products must be stable and safe for human use. This study...
Cosmetic and personal care products are considered an essential part of our daily care routine; hence, these products must be stable and safe for human use. This study aimed to assess the quality and safety of the most common cosmetic preparations. To select the products to be tested, a cross-sectional survey was distributed featuring the most used types and brands of products. Based on 447 responses from both males and females with different ages and education levels, 21 products from different brands were selected and tested in terms of microbial load, heavy metal content, and organoleptic properties. Microbial contamination was investigated using the aerobic plate count method. Lead (Pb), aluminum (Al), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), and arsenic (As) impurities were analyzed using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. The products included sunblock, lip balm, hand cream, hair cream, shampoo, cleanser, baby oil, baby powder, bar soap, hair dye, makeup, deodorant, hair serum, shaving gel, and toothpaste. Microbial contamination was found in 14 of the products, ranging between 1467.5 and 299.5 cfu/ml. The most commonly isolated microorganisms were Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus species. Most of the tested products showed metal impurities, with toothpaste having the highest concentrations of Pb, Cr, As, Cu and Ni. The samples did not show lumps or discoloration, did not have characteristic odors, and had pH values ranging from 6.90 to 8.10. The continuous usage of such products could lead to serious negative consequences. As a result, ensuring the quality of cosmetic products is critical. Regulatory authorities are required to enforce strict legislation on cosmetic manufacturing to assess and ensure the quality and safety of the products before they reach consumers.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Toothpastes; Cross-Sectional Studies; Lead; Metals, Heavy; Cadmium; Cosmetics; Chromium; Nickel; Arsenic; Environmental Monitoring
PubMed: 36316522
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21771-7 -
Metabolites Sep 2022Many drug tests are carried out by means of hair analysis. The aim of the present study was to clarify if and to what extent it is possible to manipulate the results of...
Many drug tests are carried out by means of hair analysis. The aim of the present study was to clarify if and to what extent it is possible to manipulate the results of hair analyses on tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) by using various commercially available everyday products and products advertised on the internet to be able to reduce the concentrations of drugs in hair. Fifty-four THC-positive hair samples were analyzed using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry; they were analyzed untreated or treated with Vodka Gorbatschow (n = 19), Seborin hair tonic (n = 11), Zydot shampoo (n = 6), Desderman disinfectant (n = 11) and Head and Shoulders shampoo (n = 7). A mean reduction of 52% (Zydot shampoo) to 65% (Desderman) was shown. Hair treatments could not be detected visually. Hair concentrations could also be decreased to non-detectability by using these everyday hair care products. Therefore, it is recommended to complement abstinence controls using hair samples by urine analysis and to not over-interpret quantitative results of THC concentrations in hair.
PubMed: 36295802
DOI: 10.3390/metabo12100900 -
Brazilian Journal of Biology = Revista... 2022Sodium lauryl sulfate is the main cleaning ingredient in shampoos, even though it may be potentially damaging to hair. The demand for antioxidant-rich cosmetics, on the...
Sodium lauryl sulfate is the main cleaning ingredient in shampoos, even though it may be potentially damaging to hair. The demand for antioxidant-rich cosmetics, on the other hand, has encouraged green cosmetics research. Brazil has vast biodiversity that can be exploited for the production of these cosmetics. This work aimed to develop a minimalist antioxidant lauryl-free shampoo formulation with leaf extracts from the Brazilian plant Hancornia speciosa Gomes. Two hydroethanolic extracts were prepared using different extraction methods, Soxhlet, and ultrasound. The extracts were characterized by the presence of saponins, polyphenol quantification, and HLPC chemical identification of the compounds. Antioxidant activity was determined using the DPPH method. The antioxidant lauryl-free shampoo was developed using hydroxyethyl cellulose with two concentrations of leaf extract obtained by Soxhlet, 0.125 mg/g (XP1) and 0.250 mg/g (XP2). Along with the antioxidant activity, the physical and chemical properties, cleaning potential, and foam quality were evaluated. The Soxhlet leaf extract revealed a more favorable chemical profile, including a positive result for saponins, as well as a larger quantity of polyphenols and increased antioxidant activity. The XP2 formulation showed better foam height, dirt dispersion, and antioxidant activity. Thus, the use of mangabeira leaf extract appears to be promising for the development of shampoos with antioxidant activity.
Topics: Antioxidants; Plant Extracts; Polyphenols; Brazil; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; Saponins; Cellulose; Plant Leaves
PubMed: 36287404
DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.264677 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2022species play a vital role in traditional and contemporary medicine. Among them, , , , , and are the most popular. The chemical composition and bioactivity of these... (Review)
Review
species play a vital role in traditional and contemporary medicine. Among them, , , , , and are the most popular. The chemical composition and bioactivity of these species have been extensively studied. Studies on these species have confirmed their traditional applications and documented new pharmacological directions and their valuable and potential applications in cosmetology. ssp. primarily contain sesquiterpenoid lactones, coumarins, flavonoids, and phenolic acids. Essential oils obtained from these species are of great biological importance. Extracts from ssp. have been scientifically proven to exhibit, among others, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, antidepressant, cytotoxic, and digestion-stimulating activities. In addition, their application in cosmetic products is currently the subject of several studies. Essential oils or extracts from different parts of ssp. have been characterized by antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant activities. Products with extracts, essential oils, or individual compounds can be used on skin, hair, and nails. products are also used as ingredients in skincare cosmetics, such as creams, shampoos, essences, serums, masks, lotions, and tonics. This review focuses especially on elucidating the importance of the most popular/important species of the genus in the cosmetic industry.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antifungal Agents; Antioxidants; Artemisia; Artemisia annua; Cosmetics; Coumarins; Flavonoids; Lactones; Oils, Volatile; Plant Extracts
PubMed: 36234965
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196427 -
Journal of Ginseng Research Sep 2022In addition to its use as a health food, ginseng is used in cosmetics and shampoo because of its extensive health benefits. The ginsenoside, Rh2, is a component of...
BACKGROUND
In addition to its use as a health food, ginseng is used in cosmetics and shampoo because of its extensive health benefits. The ginsenoside, Rh2, is a component of ginseng that inhibits tumor cell proliferation and differentiation, promotes insulin secretion, improves insulin sensitivity, and shows antioxidant effects.
METHODS
The effects of Rh2 on cell survival, extracellular matrix (ECM) protein expression, and cell differentiation were examined. The antioxidant effects of Rh2 in UV-irradiated normal human dermal fibroblast (NHDF) cells were also examined. The effects of Rh2 on mitochondrial function, morphology, and mitophagy were investigated in UV-irradiated NHDF cells.
RESULTS
Rh2 treatment promoted the proliferation of NHDF cells. Additionally, Rh2 increased the expression levels of ECM proteins and growth-associated immediate-early genes in ultraviolet (UV)-irradiated NHDF cells. Rh2 also affected antioxidant protein expression and increased total antioxidant capacity. Furthermore, treatment with Rh2 ameliorated the changes in mitochondrial morphology, induced the recovery of mitochondrial function, and inhibited the initiation of mitophagy in UV-irradiated NHDF cells.
CONCLUSION
Rh2 inhibits mitophagy and reinstates mitochondrial ATP production and membrane potential in NHDF cells damaged by UV exposure, leading to the recovery of ECM, cell proliferation, and antioxidant capacity.
PubMed: 36090683
DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2022.02.001 -
Frontiers in Medicine 2022ALRV5XR treatment of androgenetic alopecia (AGA) and telogen effluvium (TE) has early evidence of regenerating a normal scalp hair phenotype in both sexes.
INTRODUCTION
ALRV5XR treatment of androgenetic alopecia (AGA) and telogen effluvium (TE) has early evidence of regenerating a normal scalp hair phenotype in both sexes.
DESIGN
We performed two 24-week double-blinded placebo-controlled comparison trials, one in each sex, on the ALRV5XR treatment effect on hair regeneration, in AGA and TE, in 92 AGA subjects (24 also had TE). Forty-six women (age 24-64 years) and 46 men (age 22-63 years) were randomized 1:1 to either ALRV5XR or placebo regimens (one b.i.d. oral capsule and daily administration of shampoo, conditioner, and follicle serum).
EVALUATION
: Absolute and relative changes in terminal hair (TH) density. : Response rate, changes in vellus hair (VH) density, TH/VH ratio, hair diameter, growth, and shedding rate.
RESULTS
Forty-one women (20 ALRV5XR, 21 placebo) and 36 men (17 ALRV5XR, 19 placebo) completed the trials. TH outcome was evaluable for 18 and 21 women and 11 and 11 men (ALRV5XR, placebo, respectively). Efficacy in women: 30.1 THs/cm ( = 0.0002) and 19.7% ( = 0.0016). Efficacy in men: 21.0 THs/cm ( = 0.0014) and 16.4% ( = 0.0012). 66.7% of women and 100% of men responded to ALRV5XR. TH/VH ratio for men increased 33.0% ( = 0.0033). Growth rate in women increased by 30.7 μm/24 h ( < 0.0001) and 10.0% ( < 0.0001). There were no adverse events reported.
CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE
ALRV5XR induced significant regrowth of TH. Accelerating regrowth by reactivation of dormant telogen follicles were the dominant effects in women. Thickening of miniaturized hair and regrowth of dormant telogen follicles contributed equally to the increased TH seen in men (see Graphical Abstract).
PubMed: 36045927
DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.918058 -
Dermatology and Therapy Sep 2022Scalp psoriasis is one of the most common and challenging manifestations of plaque psoriasis for general practitioners, dermatologists, and patients, as successful...
Efficacy of Calcipotriol/Betamethasone Dipropionate Fixed-Combination Aerosol Foam in the Treatment of Localized Scalp Psoriasis: A Real-Life Case Series from Switzerland.
INTRODUCTION
Scalp psoriasis is one of the most common and challenging manifestations of plaque psoriasis for general practitioners, dermatologists, and patients, as successful topical management requires the choice of effective ingredients, an appropriate formulation, and clear application instructions to patients. To date, only limited experience is available for the calcipotriol (50 μg/g)/betamethasone dipropionate (0.5 mg/g) aerosol foam formulation (Cal/BD foam) in the treatment of scalp psoriasis.
METHODS
In this Swiss real-world patient case series, we asked 10 consecutive patients with active scalp psoriasis to apply the Cal/BD foam once daily before bedtime for a period of 4 weeks. Clear application and rinse-off instructions were provided.
RESULTS
A total of 10 consecutive adult patients were treated between April and May 2019. Two patients suffered from mild, five from moderate, and three from severe scalp psoriasis. In eight out of the 10 patients, scalp psoriasis was the only manifestation of disease. All patients had received previous topical treatments, mainly topical corticosteroids (TCS), tar shampoo, and salicylic acid. After 4 weeks of treatment with Cal/BD foam, the scalp psoriasis improved in all 10 patients by ≥ 2 points on a 5-point severity assessment scale. Eight out of 10 patients achieved clear/almost clear skin after 4 weeks of treatment, with no further keratolytic treatments needed. Adverse events were not observed in any of the patients. Overall, patients were very satisfied with the ease of use, the efficacy, and the safety of the Cal/BD foam.
CONCLUSION
Our case series confirms that Cal/BD foam is a rapid, effective, and convenient treatment for localized scalp psoriasis in a nonselected real-world patient cohort refractory to TCS or other local treatments. Clear application instructions are crucial for treatment success and cosmetic acceptance, however.
PubMed: 35986885
DOI: 10.1007/s13555-022-00785-z -
Metacognition and Learning 2023Metamemory monitoring, study behavior, and memory are presumably causally connected. When people misjudge their memory, their study behavior should be biased...
Metamemory monitoring, study behavior, and memory are presumably causally connected. When people misjudge their memory, their study behavior should be biased accordingly. Remedying should debias study behavior and improve memory. One metamemory illusion concerns source memory, a critical aspect of episodic memory. People predict better source memory for items that originated from an expected source (e.g., toothbrush in a bathroom) rather than an unexpected source (e.g., shampoo in a kitchen), whereas actual source memory shows the opposite: an . This biases restudy choices: Participants restudy more unexpected than expected source-item pairs. The authors tested the causal relationships between metamemory and source memory with a delay and a source-retrieval attempt between study and metamemory judgment to remedy the expectancy illusion and debias restudy choices. Debiased restudy choices should enhance source memory for expected items, thereby reducing the inconsistency effect. Two groups studied expected and unexpected source-item pairs. They made metamemory judgments and restudy choices immediately at study or after delay, restudied the selected pairs, and completed a source-monitoring test. After immediate judgments, participants predicted better source memory for expected pairs and selected more unexpected pairs for restudy. After delayed judgments, participants predicted a null effect of expectancy on source memory and selected equal numbers of expected and unexpected pairs. Thus, the expectancy illusion was partially remedied and restudy choices were debiased. Nevertheless, source memory was only weakly affected. The results challenge the presumed causal relationships between metamemory monitoring, study behavior, and source memory.
PubMed: 35968027
DOI: 10.1007/s11409-022-09312-z