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Poultry Science Jun 2024A total of 378 Cobb-500 male broilers were used to evaluate the effects of 2 fiber sources, differing in hydration capacity and fermentability, on gastrointestinal tract...
Effect of dietary supplementation of two fiber sources differing on fermentability and hydration capacity on performance, nutrient digestibility and cecal fermentation in broilers from 1 to 42 d of age.
A total of 378 Cobb-500 male broilers were used to evaluate the effects of 2 fiber sources, differing in hydration capacity and fermentability, on gastrointestinal tract development, apparent ileal digestibility and performance from 1 to 42d of age. There were 9 replicates per each of the 3 dietary treatments, all in mash form: a wheat-soybean control (CON) diet, CON diet diluted with 1.5% of wood lignocellulose (LC diet) as a non-fermentable insoluble fiber with high hydration capacity; and CON diluted with 1.5% of a mixture of fibers (ISFC diet) containing both lignified insoluble fiber and a prebiotic soluble fiber fraction from fructooligosaccharides. Additionally, the fermentability of both fiber sources (LC and ISFC) was determined by in vitro using cecal inoculum from broilers fed the experimental diets. Both LC and ISFC treatments impaired by 4% feed conversion ratio only during the first 7d (P = 0.003) compared with CON group. In the grower period (21-42d), the ISFC group showed the best growth (P = 0.039), and at 42d tended to show the highest body weight (P = 0.095). This agrees well with the highest ileal dry matter (P = 0.033) and organic matter (P = 0.043) digestibility observed in ISFC group and the similar trend observed for ileal protein digestibility (P = 0.099) at 42d. Also, at 42 d, absolute and relative (% body weight) digestive tract weights (P ≤ 0.041) and empty gizzard weights (P ≤ 0.034) were greater for LC and ISFC groups compared to CON. The cecal molar proportion of valeratewas greatest in ISFC group (P = 0.039). In vitro gas production was higher for ISFC than for LC substrate when using either a diet-adapted or non-adapted cecal inoculum (P < 0.05). These results show the interest in combining IF with prebiotic highly fermentable fiber, such as fructooligosaccharides, in broilers to improve nutrient digestibility and finishing performance.
PubMed: 38936073
DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103957 -
BJS Open May 2024Posthepatectomy liver failure remains a potentially life-threatening complication after hepatectomy. Soluble suppression of tumourigenicity 2 is an injury-related...
BACKGROUND
Posthepatectomy liver failure remains a potentially life-threatening complication after hepatectomy. Soluble suppression of tumourigenicity 2 is an injury-related biomarker. The aim of the study was to assess soluble suppression of tumourigenicity 2 elevation after hepatectomy and whether it can predict posthepatectomy liver failure.
METHODS
This was a single-centre retrospective study including all patients who underwent a liver resection between 2015 and 2019. Plasma concentrations of soluble suppression of tumourigenicity 2 were measured before surgery and at postoperative days 1, 2, 5 and 7. Posthepatectomy liver failure was defined according to the International Study Group of Liver Surgery and the morbidity rate was graded according to the Clavien-Dindo classification.
RESULTS
A total of 173 patients were included (75 underwent major and 98 minor resection); plasma levels of soluble suppression of tumourigenicity 2 increased from 43.42 (range 18.69-119.96) pg/ml to 2622.23 (range 1354.18-4178.27) pg/ml on postoperative day 1 (P < 0.001). Postoperative day 1 soluble suppression of tumourigenicity 2 concentration accurately predicted posthepatectomy liver failure ≥ grade B (area under curve = 0.916, P < 0.001) and its outstanding performance was not affected by underlying disease, liver pathological status and extent of resection. The cut-off value, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of postoperative day 1 soluble suppression of tumourigenicity 2 in predicting posthepatectomy liver failure ≥ grade B were 3700, 92%, 85%, 64% and 97% respectively. Soluble suppression of tumourigenicity 2high patients more frequently experienced posthepatectomy liver failure ≥ grade B (64.3% (n = 36) versus 2.6% (n = 3)) and Clavien-Dindo IIIa higher morbidity rate (23.2% (n = 13) versus 5.1% (n = 6)) compared with soluble suppression of tumourigenicity 2low patients.
CONCLUSIONS
Soluble suppression of tumourigenicity 2 may be a reliable predictor of posthepatectomy liver failure ≥ grade B as early as postoperative day 1 for patients undergoing liver resection. Its role in controlling hepatic injury/regeneration needs further investigation. Registration number: ChiCTR-OOC-15007210 (www.chictr.org.cn/).
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Hepatectomy; Retrospective Studies; Middle Aged; Liver Failure; Postoperative Complications; Aged; Biomarkers; Adult; Liver Neoplasms; Predictive Value of Tests
PubMed: 38935425
DOI: 10.1093/bjsopen/zrae043 -
Indian Journal of Dental Research :... Jan 2024Wet oral environment may have deleterious effects on performance of the composites due to influences of water sorption and solubility. The study evaluated the hydrolytic...
INTRODUCTION
Wet oral environment may have deleterious effects on performance of the composites due to influences of water sorption and solubility. The study evaluated the hydrolytic degradation caused because of water sorption and solubility of silorane and methacrylate-based dental composites.
METHODS
Ten disc samples (2 mm × 10 mm) were prepared. Samples were analyzed for water solubility and sorption according to ISO 4049:2000 regulations and tested for mass gain or loss following immersion in water or in artificial saliva at 1 day, 15 days, and 30 days period. Student's 't' test, repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Tukey's post-hoc tests determined statistical significance of the experimental results with global significance set at P = 0.05.
RESULTS
Considerable sorption and solubility was observed with time in both materials on immersion. Silorane composites showed lower water sorption and solubility than methacrylate-based composite (MBC). Artificial saliva demonstrated higher sorption and solubility compared to distilled water.
CONCLUSION
Silorane composites display enhanced hydrolytic stability even after a month of immersion in contrast to conventional methacrylate-based composites (MBCs), making it a better alternative to MBC resins clinically.
Topics: Solubility; Methacrylates; Composite Resins; Water; Silorane Resins; Saliva, Artificial; Materials Testing; Hydrolysis; Dental Materials
PubMed: 38934754
DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_195_23 -
Cancer Research Communications Jun 2024To investigate the cellular and molecular mechanisms associated with targeting CD30-expressing Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL) and immune checkpoint modulation induced by...
PURPOSE
To investigate the cellular and molecular mechanisms associated with targeting CD30-expressing Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL) and immune checkpoint modulation induced by combination therapies of CTLA-4 and PD1.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Phase 1/2, multicenter, open-label, trial NCT01896999 enrolled patients with refractory or relapsed HL (R/R HL) after one or more lines of therapy, with adequate performance status and organ function. Using peripheral blood, we assessed soluble proteins, cell composition, T cell clonality, and tumor antigen-specific antibodies in 54 patients enrolled in the phase 1 component of the trial.
RESULTS
NCT01896999 reported high (>75%) overall objective response rates with brentuximab-vedotin (BV) in combination with ipilimumab (I) and/or nivolumab (N) in patients with R/R HL. We observed durable increase in soluble PD-1 and plasmacytoid dendritic cells as well as decreases in plasma CCL17, ANGPT2, MMP12, IL13, and CXCL13 in N-containing regimens (BV+N and BV+I+N) compared with BV+I (p<0.05). Non-responders and patients with short progression free-survival showed elevated CXCL9, CXCL13, CD5, CCL17, adenosine-deaminase, and MUC16 at baseline or after one treatment cycle and a higher prevalence of NY-ESO-1-specific autoantibodies (p<0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
The results suggest a circulating tumor-immune-derived signature of BV±I+N treatment resistance that may be useful for patient stratification in combination checkpoint therapy.
PubMed: 38934093
DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.CRC-24-0252 -
Frontiers in Pharmacology 2024Heart failure is the most costly cardiovascular disorder. New treatments are urgently needed. This study aims to evaluate the safety, pharmacokinetics, and...
Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of a soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator, HEC95468, in healthy volunteers: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled phase 1 trial.
Heart failure is the most costly cardiovascular disorder. New treatments are urgently needed. This study aims to evaluate the safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamic profile of HEC95468, a soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) stimulator, in healthy volunteers. Sixty-two, eighteen, and forty-eight participants were enrolled in the single ascending dose (SAD) study, the food effect (FE) study, and the multiple ascending dose (MAD) study, respectively. The study conforms to good clinical practice and the Declaration of Helsinki. Overall, HEC95468 was safe and tolerable; a higher proportion of HEC95468-treated participants reported mild headaches, dizziness, decreased blood pressure, increased heart rate, and gastrointestinal-related treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs), similar to the sGC stimulators riociguat and vericiguat. In terms of pharmacokinetic parameters, the maximum observed plasma concentration (C) and the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) were dose-proportional over the dose range. Moderate accumulation was observed after multiple administrations of HEC95468. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure decreased, while 3',5'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) concentration in plasma increased and heart rate was induced. Vasoactive hormones (renin, angiotensin II, and norepinephrine) in plasma were compensatorily elevated after oral administration. These data supported further clinical trials of HEC95468 in the treatment of heart failure and pulmonary arterial hypertension. http://www.chinadrugtrials.org.cn, identifier CTR20210064.
PubMed: 38933676
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1359939 -
F1000Research 2023Strawberry is a fruit with a high antioxidant capacity due to its richness in phenolic compounds that suffer a rapid post-harvest deterioration. Spray drying is an...
Strawberry is a fruit with a high antioxidant capacity due to its richness in phenolic compounds that suffer a rapid post-harvest deterioration. Spray drying is an alternative to reduce losses; however, these powders present problems of instantanisation, making it necessary to implement agglomeration processes. During storage, powdered food products can undergo a series of changes in their amorphous state from a product initially in a vitreous state to a gummy state, where all properties are substantially modified due to the increased mobility of water in the matrix. The research objective was to evaluate the storage stability (6 months) of a fluidized bed agglomerated strawberry powder mixture at three temperatures (15, 25 and 25°C), a controlled environment at 65% relative moisture, and PET laminated film bags as packaging. Moisture, water activity, and compacted density, Carr and Hausner indices, solubility, hygroscopicity, wettability, angle of repose, antioxidant capacities, total phenols, anthocyanins, vitamin C, color (CIE-Lab) and particle size were monitored. ANOVA showed statistically significant differences (p<0.05) for all dependent variables concerning storage time; storage temperature had no significant effect on S, ABTS, DPPH and Hu. The time-temperature interaction during storage had no significant effect (p>0.05) on S, ABTS, DPPH, Hu and L. The agglomerate showed moisture and aw values that confer excellent stability against deterioration reactions; it retained good fluidity, low cohesiveness, and retentions above 50% for antioxidant capacity, 76% for total phenols, 39% for anthocyanins, and 40% for vitamin C; particle size was retained during the evaluation. The color was only affected in the 35°C treatment from the fifth month onwards. The study will serve as a tool for the determination of the shelf life of the chipboard once the critical values of the attributes selected as predictors of shelf life are defined.
Topics: Fragaria; Antioxidants; Powders; Food Storage; Phenols; Temperature; Spray Drying; Particle Size; Anthocyanins; Ascorbic Acid
PubMed: 38933490
DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.138509.1 -
Frontiers in Plant Science 2024is one of the most important oil crops in the world. Breeding oilseed rape with colorful flowers can greatly enhance the ornamental value of and thus improve the...
is one of the most important oil crops in the world. Breeding oilseed rape with colorful flowers can greatly enhance the ornamental value of and thus improve the economic benefits of planting. As water-soluble flavonoid secondary metabolites, anthocyanins are very important for the synthesis and accumulation of pigments in the petals of plants, giving them a wide range of bright colors. Despite the documentation of over 60 distinct flower shades in , the intricacies underlying flower color variation remain elusive. Particularly, the mechanisms driving color development across varying flower color backgrounds necessitate further comprehensive investigation. This research undertook a comprehensive exploration through the integration of transcriptome and metabolome analyses to pinpoint pivotal genes and metabolites underpinning an array of flower colors, including beige, beige-red, yellow, orange-red, deep orange-red, white, light-purple, and purple. First, we used a two-way BLAST search to find 275 genes in the reference genome of Darmor v10 that were involved in making anthocyanins. The subsequent scrutiny of RNA-seq outcomes underscored notable upregulation in the structural genes and , alongside the , , and transcriptional regulators within petals, showing anthocyanin accumulation. By synergizing this data with a weighted gene co-expression network analysis, we identified , , , , and as the key players driving anthocyanin synthesis in beige-red, orange-red, deep orange-red, light-purple, and purple petals. By integrating transcriptome and weighted gene co-expression network analysis findings with anthocyanin metabolism data, it is hypothesized that the upregulation of , which, in turn, enhances expression, plays a pivotal role in the development of pigmented oilseed rape flowers. These findings help to understand the transcriptional regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in and provide valuable genetic resources for breeding varieties with novel flower colors.
PubMed: 38933465
DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1419508 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2024Autoantigen-specific immunotherapy using peptides offers a more targeted approach to treat autoimmune diseases, but clinical implementation has been challenging. We...
Autoantigen-specific immunotherapy using peptides offers a more targeted approach to treat autoimmune diseases, but clinical implementation has been challenging. We previously showed that multivalent delivery of peptides as soluble antigen arrays (SAgAs) efficiently protects against spontaneous autoimmune diabetes in the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse model. Here, we compared the efficacy, safety, and mechanisms of action of SAgAs versus free peptides. SAgAs, but not their corresponding free peptides at equivalent doses, efficiently prevented the development of diabetes. SAgAs increased the frequency of regulatory T cells among peptide-specific T cells or induce their anergy/exhaustion or deletion, depending on the type of SAgA used (hydrolysable (hSAgA) and non-hydrolysable 'click' SAgA (cSAgA)) and duration of treatment, whereas their corresponding free peptides induced a more effector phenotype following delayed clonal expansion. Over time, the peptides induced an IgE-independent anaphylactic reaction, the incidence of which was significantly delayed when peptides were in SAgA form rather than in free form. Moreover, the N-terminal modification of peptides with aminooxy or alkyne linkers, which was needed for grafting onto hyaluronic acid to make hSAgA or cSAgA variants, respectively, influenced their stimulatory potency and safety, with alkyne-functionalized peptides being more potent and less anaphylactogenic than aminooxy-functionalized peptides. Immunologic anaphylaxis occurred in NOD mice in a dose-dependent manner but not in C57BL/6 or BALB/c mice; however, its incidence did not correlate with the level of anti-peptide antibodies. We provide evidence that SAgAs significantly improve the efficacy of peptides to induce tolerance and prevent autoimmune diabetes while at the same time reducing their anaphylactogenic potential.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Mice, Inbred NOD; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Immune Tolerance; Peptides; Female; Autoantigens; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory; Immunotherapy; Anaphylaxis; Desensitization, Immunologic
PubMed: 38933266
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1258369 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2024To investigate the effects of kinds of additives on silage quality, the mixture of king grass and rice straw was ensiled with addition of sucrose, citric acid and malic...
To investigate the effects of kinds of additives on silage quality, the mixture of king grass and rice straw was ensiled with addition of sucrose, citric acid and malic acid at the levels of 0, 1 and 2%, being blank control (CK), citric acid groups (CA1, CA2), malic acid groups (MA1, MA2), citric acid + malic acid groups (CM1, CM2), sucrose groups (SU1, SU2), mainly focusing on fermentation quality, nutrient content, aerobic stability and microbial community of the silages. The results showed that the addition of sucrose decreased ( < 0.05) pH and increased the content of water soluble carbohydrate ( < 0.05). The sucrose groups and mixed acid groups also had a lower ( < 0.01) neutral detergent fiber content. The addition of citric acid and the mixed acid increased ( < 0.01) the aerobic stability of the silage, reduced the abundance of , and the addition of citric acid also increased the abundance of . It is inferred that citric acid and malic acid could influence fermentation quality by inhibiting harmful bacteria and improve aerobic stability, while sucrose influenced fermentation quality by by promoting the generation of lactic acid. It is suggested that the application of citric acid, malic acid and sucrose would achieve an improvement effect on fermentation quality of the mixed silage.
PubMed: 38933036
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1420022 -
Aging Cell Jun 2024Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have increased oxidative stress and chronic inflammation, which may escalate the production of advanced glycation end-products...
Discovery of genomic and transcriptomic pleiotropy between kidney function and soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products using correlated meta-analyses: The Long Life Family Study.
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have increased oxidative stress and chronic inflammation, which may escalate the production of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). High soluble receptor for AGE (sRAGE) and low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) levels are associated with CKD and aging. We evaluated whether eGFR calculated from creatinine and cystatin C share pleiotropic genetic factors with sRAGE. We employed whole-genome sequencing and correlated meta-analyses on combined genome-wide association study (GWAS) p-values in 4182 individuals (age range: 24-110) from the Long Life Family Study (LLFS). We also conducted transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS) on whole blood in a subset of 1209 individuals. We identified 59 pleiotropic GWAS loci (p < 5 × 10) and 17 TWAS genes (Bonferroni-p < 2.73 × 10) for eGFR traits and sRAGE. TWAS genes, LSP1 and MIR23AHG, were associated with eGFR and sRAGE located within GWAS loci, lncRNA-KCNQ1OT1 and CACNA1A/CCDC130, respectively. GWAS variants were eQTLs in the kidney glomeruli and tubules, and GWAS genes predicted kidney carcinoma. TWAS genes harbored eQTLs in the kidney, predicted kidney carcinoma, and connected enhancer-promoter variants with kidney function-related phenotypes at p < 5 × 10. Additionally, higher allele frequencies of protective variants for eGFR traits were detected in LLFS than in ALFA-Europeans and TOPMed, suggesting better kidney function in healthy-aging LLFS than in general populations. Integrating genomic annotation and transcriptional gene activity revealed the enrichment of genetic elements in kidney function and aging-related processes. The identified pleiotropic loci and gene expressions for eGFR and sRAGE suggest their underlying shared genetic effects and highlight their roles in kidney- and aging-related signaling pathways.
PubMed: 38932496
DOI: 10.1111/acel.14261