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BMC Microbiology Dec 2021House fly larvae (Musca domestica L.) require a live microbial community to successfully develop. Cattle manure is rich in organic matter and microorganisms, comprising...
BACKGROUND
House fly larvae (Musca domestica L.) require a live microbial community to successfully develop. Cattle manure is rich in organic matter and microorganisms, comprising a suitable substrate for larvae who feed on both the decomposing manure and the prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbes therein. Microbial communities change as manure ages, and when fly larvae are present changes attributable to larval grazing also occur. Here, we used high throughput sequencing of 16S and 18S rRNA genes to characterize microbial communities in dairy cattle manure and evaluated the changes in those communities over time by comparing the communities in fresh manure to aged manure with or without house fly larvae.
RESULTS
Bacteria, archaea and protist community compositions significantly differed across manure types (e.g. fresh, aged, larval-grazed). Irrespective of manure type, microbial communities were dominated by the following phyla: Euryarchaeota (Archaea); Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes (Bacteria); Ciliophora, Metamonanda, Ochrophyta, Apicomplexa, Discoba, Lobosa and Cercozoa (Protists). Larval grazing significantly reduced the abundances of Bacteroidetes, Ciliophora, Cercozoa and increased the abundances of Apicomplexa and Discoba. Manure aging alone significantly altered the abundance bacteria (Acinetobacter, Clostridium, Petrimonas, Succinovibro), protists (Buxtonella, Enteromonas) and archaea (Methanosphaera and Methanomassiliicoccus). Larval grazing also altered the abundance of several bacterial genera (Pseudomonas, Bacteroides, Flavobacterium, Taibaiella, Sphingopyxis, Sphingobacterium), protists (Oxytricha, Cercomonas, Colpodella, Parabodo) and archaea (Methanobrevibacter and Methanocorpusculum). Overall, larval grazing significantly reduced bacterial and archaeal diversities but increased protist diversity. Moreover, total carbon (TC) and nitrogen (TN) decreased in larval grazed manure, and both TC and TN were highly correlated with several of bacterial, archaeal and protist communities.
CONCLUSIONS
House fly larval grazing altered the abundance and diversity of bacterial, archaeal and protist communities differently than manure aging alone. Fly larvae likely alter community composition by directly feeding on and eliminating microbes and by competing with predatory microbes for available nutrients and microbial prey. Our results lend insight into the role house fly larvae play in shaping manure microbial communities and help identify microbes that house fly larvae utilize as food sources in manure. Information extrapolated from this study can be used to develop manure management strategies to interfere with house fly development and reduce house fly populations.
Topics: Animals; Archaea; Bacteria; Carbon; Cattle; Eukaryota; Houseflies; Larva; Manure; Microbiota; Nitrogen; RNA, Ribosomal
PubMed: 34911456
DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02418-5 -
Scientific Reports Dec 2021
PubMed: 34907267
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03738-2 -
PeerJ 2021is a fungus that parasitizes insects. Compounds from are valuable in medicine and functional food. There are many kinds of bacteria in the natural sclerotia of ....
BACKGROUND
is a fungus that parasitizes insects. Compounds from are valuable in medicine and functional food. There are many kinds of bacteria in the natural sclerotia of . However, the community structure of microorganisms in samples from different places may be different, and their corresponding ecological functions require experimental verification.
METHODS
We used high-throughput sequencing technology to analyze bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequences in sclerotia of three samples of from Liaoning Province, China. We isolated, identified and verified the function of culturable bacterial strains from the sclerotia.
RESULTS
, , , and were the dominant bacterial genera in the sclerotia. And function prediction showed that and could be heterotrophic, could decompose urea, and could reduce nitrate. Two strains of bacteria isolated from the sclerotia of , N-2 and N-26, were identified as and , respectively, based on culture and biochemical characteristics. When these isolated strains were co-cultured with , the mycelium biomass and mycelium pellet diameter decreased, and the content of extracellular polysaccharide increased. Strain N-26 decreased the cordycepin content in .
CONCLUSIONS
Bacteria in sclerotia have an important effect on the growth of and the production of its metabolites.
PubMed: 34900429
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12511 -
Scientific Reports Nov 2021Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) is the most commonly used antibiotic in worldwide for inhibiting aquatic animal diseases. However, the residues of SMX are difficult to eliminate...
Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) is the most commonly used antibiotic in worldwide for inhibiting aquatic animal diseases. However, the residues of SMX are difficult to eliminate and may enter the food chain, leading to considerable threats on human health. The bacterial strain Sphingobacterium mizutaii LLE5 was isolated from activated sludge. This strain could utilize SMX as its sole carbon source and degrade it efficiently. Under optimal degradation conditions (30.8 °C, pH 7.2, and inoculum amount of 3.5 × 10 cfu/mL), S. mizutaii LLE5 could degrade 93.87% of 50 mg/L SMX within 7 days. Four intermediate products from the degradation of SMX were identified and a possible degradation pathway based on these findings was proposed. Furthermore, S. mizutaii LLE5 could also degrade other sulfonamides. This study is the first report on (1) degradation of SMX and other sulfonamides by S. mizutaii, (2) optimization of biodegradation conditions via response surface methodology, and (3) identification of sulfanilamide, 4-aminothiophenol, 5-amino-3-methylisoxazole, and aniline as metabolites in the degradation pathway of SMX in a microorganism. This strain might be useful for the bioremediation of SMX-contaminated environment.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Biodegradation, Environmental; Carbon; Environmental Microbiology; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Kinetics; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sewage; Sphingobacterium; Sulfamethoxazole; Sulfonamides; Temperature; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 34848765
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02404-x -
Microorganisms Sep 2021Plant biomass offers great potential as a sustainable resource, and microbial consortia are primordial in its bioconversion. The wheat-straw-biodegradative bacterial...
Plant biomass offers great potential as a sustainable resource, and microbial consortia are primordial in its bioconversion. The wheat-straw-biodegradative bacterial strain w15 has drawn much attention as a result of its biodegradative potential and superior degradation performance in bacterial-fungal consortia. Strain w15 was originally assigned to the species based on its 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequence. A closer examination of this taxonomic placement revealed that the sequence used has 98.9% identity with the 'divergent' 16S rRNA gene sequence of NCTC 11343, yet lower relatedness with the canonical 16S rRNA sequence. A specific region of the gene, located between positions 186 and 210, was found to be highly variable and determinative for the divergence. To solve the identity of strain w15, genome metrics and analyses of ecophysiological niches were undertaken on a selection of strains assigned to and related species. These analyses separated all strains into three clusters, with strain w15, together with strain BIGb0170, constituting a separate radiation, next to and . Moreover, the strains denoted FDAARGOS 1141 and 1142 were placed inside . We propose the renaming of strains w15 and BIGb0170 as members of the novel species, coined .
PubMed: 34683378
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9102057 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2021The composition of microbial communities can directly affect fruit quality, health status, and storability. The present study characterized the epiphytes and endophytes...
The composition of microbial communities can directly affect fruit quality, health status, and storability. The present study characterized the epiphytes and endophytes of "Hongyang" and "Cuiyu" kiwifruit at harvest under grown under open-field (OF) and rain-shelter (RS) cultivation systems. Disease incidence in kiwifruit was significantly lower ( < 0.05) under the RS system than it was under the OF system. High-throughput sequencing [16S V3-V4 ribosomal region and the fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS2)] was conducted to compare the composition of the epiphytic and endophytic microbial community of kiwifruit under the two cultivation systems. Results indicated that the abundance of Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Enterobacteriales, Acetobacterales, , , and was higher under the RS system, relative to the OF system, while the abundance of Capnodiales, Hypocreales, , and was also higher under the RS system. Some of these bacterial and fungal taxa have been reported to as act as biocontrol agents and reduce disease incidence. Notably, the α-diversity of the epiphytic bacterial and fungal communities on kiwifruit was higher under RS cultivation. In summary, RS cultivation reduced natural disease incidence in kiwifruit, which may be partially attributed to differences in the structure and composition of the microbial community present in and on kiwifruit.
PubMed: 34659192
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.757719 -
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Oct 2021In this study, we examined a synthetic microbial consortium, composed of two selected bacteria, i.e., Citrobacter freundii so4 and Sphingobacterium multivorum w15, next...
In this study, we examined a synthetic microbial consortium, composed of two selected bacteria, i.e., Citrobacter freundii so4 and Sphingobacterium multivorum w15, next to the fungus Coniochaeta sp. 2T2.1, with respect to their fate and roles in the degradation of wheat straw (WS). A special focus was placed on the effects of pH (7.2, 6.2, or 5.2), temperature (25 versus 28 °C), and shaking speed (60 versus 180 rpm). Coniochaeta sp. 2T2.1 consistently had a key role in the degradation process, with the two bacteria having additional roles. Whereas temperature exerted only minor effects on the degradation, pH and shaking speed were key determinants of both organismal growth and WS degradation levels. In detail, the three-partner degrader consortium showed significantly higher WS degradation values at pH 6.2 and 5.2 than at pH 7.2. Moreover, the two bacteria revealed up to tenfold enhanced final cell densities (ranging from log8.0 to log9.0 colony forming unit (CFU)/mL) in the presence of Coniochaeta sp. 2T2.1 than when growing alone or in a bacterial bi-culture, regardless of pH range or shaking speed. Conversely, at 180 rpm, fungal growth was clearly suppressed by the presence of the bacteria at pH 5.2 and pH 6.2, but not at pH 7.2. In contrast, at 60 rpm, the presence of the bacteria fostered fungal growth. In these latter cultures, oxygen levels were significantly lowered as compared to the maximal levels found at 180 rpm (about 5.67 mg/L, ~ 62% of saturation). Conspicuous effects on biomass appearance pointed to a fungal biofilm-modulating role of the bacteria.Key points• Coniochaeta sp. 2T2.1 has a key role in wheat straw (WS) degradation.• Bacterial impact shifts when conditions change.• pH and shaking speed are key drivers of the growth dynamics and WS degradation.
Topics: Ascomycota; Lignin; Microbial Consortia; Sphingobacterium
PubMed: 34596724
DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11591-6 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2021Norovirus (NoV) is the main non-bacterial pathogen causing outbreaks of gastroenteritis and is considered to be the leading cause of foodborne illness. This study aims...
Norovirus (NoV) is the main non-bacterial pathogen causing outbreaks of gastroenteritis and is considered to be the leading cause of foodborne illness. This study aims to determine whether lettuce-encapsulated bacteria can express histo-blood group antigen (HBGA)-like substances to bind to NoV and, if so, to explore its role in protecting NoV from disinfection practices. Fifteen bacterial strains (HBGA-SEBs) were isolated from the lettuce microbiome and studied as they were proved to have the ability to express HBGA-like substances through indirect ELISA detection. By using attachment assay, HBGA-SEBs showed great abilities in carrying NoVs regarding the evaluation of binding capacity, especially for the top four strains from genera , , and , which could absorb more than 60% of free-flowing NoVs. Meanwhile, the direct viral-bacterial binding between HBGA-like substance-expressing bacteria (HBGA-SEB) and NoVs was observed by TEM. Subsequently, results of simulated environmental experiments showed that the binding of NoVs with HBGA-SEBs did have detrimental effects on NoV reduction, which were evident in short-time high-temperature treatment (90°C) and UV exposure. Finally, by considering the relative abundance of homologous microorganisms of HBGA-SEBs in the lettuce microbiome (ca. 36.49%) and the reduction of NoVs in the simulated environments, we suggested putting extra attention on the daily disinfection of foodborne-pathogen carriers to overcome the detrimental effects of direct viral-bacterial interactions on the reduction of NoVs.
PubMed: 34557176
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.731379 -
Revista Chilena de Infectologia :... Jun 2021Sphingobacterium multivorum is a non-fermentative gram-negative bacillus that rarely causes human infections. In the medical literature, the few reported cases of...
Sphingobacterium multivorum is a non-fermentative gram-negative bacillus that rarely causes human infections. In the medical literature, the few reported cases of infections resulting from S. multivorum usually occurred in patients with an associated comorbidity. We present the first case report, according our knowledge, of a skin and soft tissue infection by S. multivorum infection in a pediatric patient after a burn injury.
Topics: Burns; Child; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Humans; Sphingobacterium
PubMed: 34479305
DOI: 10.4067/S0716-10182021000300452 -
International Journal of Systematic and... Aug 2021A bacterial strain, arapr2, was isolated from agricultural soil sampled in Reims, France. Based on its 16S rRNA gene sequence, the strain was affiliated to the family...
A bacterial strain, arapr2, was isolated from agricultural soil sampled in Reims, France. Based on its 16S rRNA gene sequence, the strain was affiliated to the family and more specifically to the genus . The strain had 98.31 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to its closest relative CR11 and 98.25 % to NCCP-246. Genome relatedness indexes revealed that the average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values between arapr2 and its closest relative ( CR11) were 92.97 % and 52.00 %, respectively; for NCCP-246, the ANI and dDDH values were 82.46 and 27.6%, respectively. The genomic DNA of strain arapr2 was 6.02 Mbp long, had a DNA G+C content of 40.4 mol% and had 5504 protein-coding genes. The results obtained in this study suggests that strain arapr2 (CIP 111872=LMG 31848) represents a new species for which the name sp. nov. is proposed. Due to the fact that this strain has been isolated using wheat straw as carbon source, this novel bacterial strain represents a promising biotechnological tool for the fractionation of lignocellulosic biomass in the context of biorefinery development.
Topics: Agriculture; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; France; Lignin; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Sphingobacterium
PubMed: 34406922
DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004963