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Scientific Reports May 2024Heart rate is under constant autonomic influence but the development of the influence in children is not fully understood. Continuous electrocardiograms were obtained in...
Heart rate is under constant autonomic influence but the development of the influence in children is not fully understood. Continuous electrocardiograms were obtained in 1045 healthy school-age children (550 females) during postural provocations with body position changes between supine, sitting, standing, supine, standing, sitting and supine (in this order), 10 min in each position with position changes within 20 s. Heart rate was measured in each position and speed of heart rate changes between positions were assessed by regressions of rates versus timing of individual cardiac cycles. Supine heart rate was gradually decreasing with age: 82.32 ± 9.92, 74.33 ± 9.79, 67.43 ± 9.45 beats per minute (bpm) in tertile age groups < 11, 11-15, > 15 years, respectively (p < 0.0001), with no significant sex difference. Averaged speed of heart rate changes differed little between sexes and age groups but was significantly faster during rate deceleration than acceleration (e.g., supine ↔ standing: 2.99 ± 1.02 vs. 2.57 ± 0.68 bpm/s, p < 0.0001). The study suggests that in children, vagal heart rate control does not noticeably change between ages of approximately 6-19 years. The gradual resting heart rate decrease during childhood and adolescence is likely caused by lowering of cardiac sympathetic influence from sympathetic overdrive in small children to adult-like sympatho-vagal balance in older adolescents.
Topics: Humans; Heart Rate; Female; Child; Male; Adolescent; Electrocardiography; Posture; Autonomic Nervous System; Supine Position; Vagus Nerve
PubMed: 38789480
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62000-7 -
Journal of Foot and Ankle Research Jun 2024Patellofemoral pain (PFP) is characterized by chronic pain in the anterior aspect of the knee during loading activities. Many studies investigating muscle morphology...
BACKGROUND
Patellofemoral pain (PFP) is characterized by chronic pain in the anterior aspect of the knee during loading activities. Many studies investigating muscle morphology changes for individuals with PFP focus on the proximal joints, however, few studies have investigated muscles of the foot and ankle complex. This study aimed to explore the differences in peroneal muscle size and activation between individuals with PFP and healthy controls using ultrasound imaging in weight-bearing.
METHODS
A case-control study in a university lab setting was conducted. Thirty individuals with PFP (age: 20.23 ± 3.30 years, mass: 74.70 ± 27.63 kgs, height: 161.32 ± 11.72 cm) and 30 healthy individuals (age: 20.33 ± 3.37 years, mass: 64.02 ± 11.00 kgs, height: 169.31 ± 9.30 cm) participated. Cross-sectional area (CSA) images of the peroneal muscles were taken in non-weight bearing and weight-bearing positions. The functional activation ratio from lying to single-leg standing (SLS) was calculated.
RESULTS
There was a statistically significant (p = 0.041) group (PFP, healthy) by position (non-weight-bearing, weight-bearing) interaction for the peroneal muscle CSA with a Cohen's d effect size of 0.2 in non-weight-bearing position and 0.7 in weight-bearing position. The functional activation ratio for the healthy group was significantly more (p = 0.01) than the PFP group.
CONCLUSION
Peroneal muscles were found to be smaller in size in those with PFP compared to the healthy subjects in the weight-bearing SLS position. This study found that those with PFP have lower activation of peroneal muscles in functional position.
Topics: Humans; Weight-Bearing; Case-Control Studies; Male; Female; Muscle, Skeletal; Young Adult; Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome; Ultrasonography; Adult; Adolescent; Foot; Posture
PubMed: 38773711
DOI: 10.1002/jfa2.12014 -
Fluids and Barriers of the CNS May 2024Optimizing the treatment of several neurosurgical and neurological disorders relies on knowledge of the intracranial pressure (ICP). However, exploration of normal ICP... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
OBJECTIVE
Optimizing the treatment of several neurosurgical and neurological disorders relies on knowledge of the intracranial pressure (ICP). However, exploration of normal ICP and intracranial pressure pulse wave amplitude (PWA) values in healthy individuals poses ethical challenges, and thus the current documentation remains scarce. This study explores ICP and PWA values for healthy adults without intracranial pathology expected to influence ICP.
METHODS
Adult patients (age > 18 years) undergoing surgery for an unruptured intracranial aneurysm without any other neurological co-morbidities were included. Patients had a telemetric ICP sensor inserted, and ICP was measured in four different positions: supine, lateral recumbent, standing upright, and 45-degree sitting, at day 1, 14, 30, and 90 following the surgery.
RESULTS
ICP in each position did not change with time after surgery. Median ICP was 6.7 mmHg and median PWA 2.1 mmHg in the supine position, while in the upright standing position median ICP was - 3.4 mmHg and median PWA was 1.9 mmHg. After standardization of the measurements from the transducer site to the external acoustic meatus, the median ICP was 8.3 mmHg in the supine position and 1.2 mmHg in the upright standing position.
CONCLUSION
Our study provides insights into normal ICP dynamics in healthy adults following a uncomplicated surgery for an unruptured aneurysm. These results suggest a slightly wider normal reference range for invasive intracranial pressure than previously suggested, and present the first normal values for PWA in different positions. Further studies are, however, essential to enhance our understanding of normal ICP. Trial registration The study was preregistered at www.
CLINICALTRIALS
gov (NCT03594136) (11 July 2018).
Topics: Adult; Aged; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Intracranial Aneurysm; Intracranial Pressure; Neurosurgical Procedures; Posture; Pulse Wave Analysis; Prospective Studies
PubMed: 38773608
DOI: 10.1186/s12987-024-00549-1 -
Journal of Bodywork and Movement... Apr 2024This study evaluated the activities of the Rectus Abdominis (RA) and Transversus Abdominis (TrA) muscles during abdominal bracing exercises (ABE) in different body...
AIMS
This study evaluated the activities of the Rectus Abdominis (RA) and Transversus Abdominis (TrA) muscles during abdominal bracing exercises (ABE) in different body positions.
METHODOLOGY
Electrical activities of both components of the RA and TrA muscles were assessed respectively in 25 obese females via surface electromyography during ABE in four (4) different body positions (crook lying, side lying, standing, and sitting). Each trial lasted for five (5) seconds with an hour rest period between trials.
RESULTS
Electrical activities of each of the right RA (p = 0.008) and TrA (p = 0.001) muscles significantly varied across the four trials. For the left components of the RA (p = 0.243) and TrA (p = 0.332) muscles, no significant differences were observed across trials. The highest muscular activities were recorded during the standing trial while the crook lying position resulted in the least muscular activities.
CONCLUSION
For the best results, abdominal bracing exercises should be performed in a standing position. The efficacy of adopting these body positions for long-term rehabilitation purposes should be investigated in future studies.
Topics: Humans; Female; Electromyography; Abdominal Muscles; Adult; Obesity; Posture; Young Adult; Rectus Abdominis; Exercise Therapy
PubMed: 38763559
DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2024.01.008 -
Prague Medical Report 2024The neuropathic compression of the tibial nerve and/or its branches on the medial side of the ankle is called tarsal tunnel syndrome (TTS). Patients with TTS presents...
The neuropathic compression of the tibial nerve and/or its branches on the medial side of the ankle is called tarsal tunnel syndrome (TTS). Patients with TTS presents pain, paresthesia, hypoesthesia, hyperesthesia, muscle cramps or numbness which affects the sole of the foot, the heel, or both. The clinical diagnosis is challenging because of the fairly non-specific and several symptomatology. We demonstrate a case of TTS caused by medial dislocation of the talar bone on the calcaneus bone impacting the tibial nerve diagnosed only by ultrasound with the patient in the standing position.
Topics: Humans; Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome; Ultrasonography; Talus; Joint Dislocations; Weight-Bearing; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Adult
PubMed: 38761051
DOI: 10.14712/23362936.2024.17 -
Gait & Posture Jul 2024The use of individually preferred colored glasses has gained popularity with the expectation that it may improve balance control and sports performance, however, the... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Changes in standing stability when wearing different colored glasses cannot be determined by participants' subjective preference - A crossover randomized single-blinded pilot study.
BACKGROUND
The use of individually preferred colored glasses has gained popularity with the expectation that it may improve balance control and sports performance, however, the results of previous studies remain inconclusive.
AIM OF THE STUDY
In the present pilot study, we aimed to determine the association between participants' subjective preference and standing balance performance when wearing five different colored glasses.
METHODS
Thirteen participants stood on one or two legs on a pair of synchronized force platforms for 30 seconds with 60 seconds rest between the five-five randomized stance trials, while wearing red, blue, yellow, green, or transparent colored glasses. In addition to 7 CoP-related variables, we analyzed five features of EMG data from three lower limb muscles on both legs.
RESULTS
No significant effect of colored glasses was found. Some CoP (velocity: χ² = 10.086; p = 0.039; Kendall's W = 0.194, root mean square [RMS]: χ² = 12.278; p = 0.015; Kendall's W = 0.236) and EMG-related (RMS of biceps femoris: χ² = 13.006; p = 0.011; Kendall's W = 0.250) variables showed differences between the colored glass conditions during dominant-leg stance, however, participants failed to consecutively determine these differences in standing stability.
CONCLUSIONS
Overall, our results may suggest that lens color preference, irrespective of the color itself, may influence dominant leg standing balance most probably due to psychological factors, however, only subjective determination have no potential to determine the color of the glasses that would support the individual's standing balance the most.
Topics: Humans; Postural Balance; Pilot Projects; Eyeglasses; Male; Female; Cross-Over Studies; Adult; Electromyography; Young Adult; Single-Blind Method; Standing Position; Color; Muscle, Skeletal
PubMed: 38759589
DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2024.04.030 -
Frontiers in Neurology 2024Knowledge about factors affecting functional disability in patients with non-specific chronic low back pain (NSCLBP) is helpful in guiding treatment, but there has been...
BACKGROUND
Knowledge about factors affecting functional disability in patients with non-specific chronic low back pain (NSCLBP) is helpful in guiding treatment, but there has been little systematic research on this topic. This study aimed to identify independent factors contributing to functional disability in NSCLBP patients especially the impact of sagittal parameters and body postures in work, learning, and daily life.
METHODS
Sociodemographic data, sagittal parameters, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), and 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) of NSCLBP patients were collected. Patients were divided into a low-functional disability group (ODI ≤ 20) and a high-functional disability group (ODI > 20), and the ODI was converted to ranked ODI (RODI) accordingly. Sociodemographic data, sagittal parameters, NRS, and SF-36 were compared by univariate analysis between both groups. A correlation analysis of the aforementioned factors with the RODI was conducted. The sociodemographic data and sagittal parameters related to the RODI were analyzed by logistic regression to select potential RODI-associated factors. The level of significance was set at < 0.05.
RESULTS
Age, educational background, daily main posture while working or learning (DMPWL), daily standing time while working or learning (DSTTWL), daily sitting time while resting (DSITR), sacral slope-pelvic tilt (SS-PT), spinosacral angle (SSA), NRS, and SF-36 (except mental health, MH) were different between the two groups ( < 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that they were related to the RODI ( < 0.05). The logistic regression analysis indicated that the regression coefficients of a college degree, postgraduate diploma, DSITR, and SSA were ( = -0.197; = 0.003), ( = -0.211; = 0.006), ( = -0.139; = 0.039), and ( = -0.207; = 0.001), respectively, and the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were 0.489 (0.308; 0.778), 0.299 (0.125; 0.711), 0.875 (0.772; 0.993), and 0.953 (0.925; 0.981), respectively.
CONCLUSION
Educational background, DSITR, and SSA are independent factors affecting functional disability in NSCLBP patients. NSCLBP patients with a lower educational background, shorter DSITR, or smaller SSA should be taken into account in clinical practice and therapeutic choices. Extending sitting time for rest and the avoidance of a forward-leaning standing position are beneficial for reducing functional disability in NSCLBP.
PubMed: 38751880
DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1367400 -
Gait & Posture Jul 2024Photo-based measurement methods are used to assess axial postural abnormalities (PA) in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, they capture only moments in time. We...
BACKGROUND
Photo-based measurement methods are used to assess axial postural abnormalities (PA) in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, they capture only moments in time. We developed the 2-minute standing endurance test (2 M-SET), which specifically captures temporal changes in posture, as a novel dynamic method for measuring axial PA in patients with PD.
RESEARCH QUESTION
This study aimed to verify the effectiveness and validity of the 2 M-SET for capturing temporal changes in axial PA in patients with PD.
METHODS
Twenty-eight patients with PD participated. The participants attempted to maintain an upright posture for 2 minutes during three tasks: standing, stepping in place, and walking. The rate of change in postural angle was recorded at 10-second intervals. Based on the results, the 2 M-SET was developed. Therapists evaluated the 2 M-SET using the NeuroPostureApp© to measure anterior trunk flexion (ATF) angles and lateral trunk flexion (LTF) angles at 0, 10, 30, 60, and 120 seconds. To assess reliability, the congruence between the measurements obtained by the therapists and those obtained using a three-dimensional motion-analysis system was examined. For validity, we assessed whether the ATF and LTF angles measured by the therapists could accurately capture postural changes at regular intervals over time.
RESULTS
The average postural changes over 2 minutes for the standing, stepping in place, and gait tasks were 59.2±83.5%, 37.6±30.7%, and 45.4±50.6%, respectively. The intraclass correlation coefficients showed high reliability, with values of 0.985 and 0.970 for the ATF and LTF angles, respectively.
SIGNIFICANCE
The results of our proposed 2 M-SET method, which uses temporal photo-based measurements to assess the patient's ability to maintain an upright standing position for 2 minutes, demonstrate the potential to capture temporal changes in axial PA.
DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
The data supporting the findings of this study are available upon reasonable request and approval from the local ethics committee.
Topics: Humans; Parkinson Disease; Male; Female; Aged; Postural Balance; Middle Aged; Standing Position; Reproducibility of Results; Biomechanical Phenomena; Posture
PubMed: 38749293
DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2024.05.001 -
Journal of Epidemiology and Community... May 2024Socioeconomic differences in movement behaviours may contribute to health inequalities. The aim of this descriptive study was to investigate socioeconomic patterns in...
BACKGROUND
Socioeconomic differences in movement behaviours may contribute to health inequalities. The aim of this descriptive study was to investigate socioeconomic patterns in device-measured 24-hour movement and assess whether patterns differ between weekdays and weekends.
METHODS
4894 individuals aged 46 years from the 1970 British Cohort Study were included. Participants wore thigh-worn accelerometers for 7 days. Movement behaviours were classified in two 24-hour compositions based on intensity and posture, respectively: (1) sleep, sedentary behaviour, light-intensity activity and moderate-vigorous activity; and (2) sleep, lying, sitting, standing, light movement, walking and combined exercise-like activity. Four socioeconomic measures were explored: education, occupation, income and deprivation index. Movement behaviours were considered compositional means on a 24-hour scale; isometric log ratios expressed per cent differences in daily time in each activity compared with the sample mean.
RESULTS
Associations were consistent across all socioeconomic measures. For example, those with a degree spent more time in exercise-like activities across weekdays (10.8%, 95% CI 7.3 to 14.7; ref: sample mean) and weekends (21.9%, 95% CI 17.2 to 26.9). Other patterns differed markedly by the day of the week. Those with no formal qualifications spent more time standing (5.1%, 95% CI 2.3 to 7.1), moving (10.8%, 95% CI 8.6 to 13.1) and walking(4.0%, 95% CI 2.2 to 6.1) during weekdays, with no differences on weekends. Conversely, those with no formal qualifications spent less time sitting during weekdays (-6.6%, 95% CI -7.8 to -4.8), yet more time lying on both weekends (8.8%, 95% CI 4.9 to 12.2) and weekdays (7.5%, 95% CI 4.0 to 11.5).
CONCLUSIONS
There were strong socioeconomic gradients in 24-hour movement behaviours, with notable differences between weekdays/weekends and behaviour type/posture. These findings emphasise the need to consider socioeconomic position, behaviour type/posture and the day of the week when researching or designing interventions targeting working-age adults.
PubMed: 38744444
DOI: 10.1136/jech-2023-221726 -
Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine Apr 2024Airway management of patients with long-standing diabetes poses a major challenge for anaesthesiologists due to stiff joint syndrome affecting the atlanto-occipital...
BACKGROUND
Airway management of patients with long-standing diabetes poses a major challenge for anaesthesiologists due to stiff joint syndrome affecting the atlanto-occipital joint. In certain cases requiring immobilization, the Mallampati test must often be performed in the supine position for obvious reasons.
OBJECTIVES
Hence, we determined the diagnostic precision (sensitivity and specificity) of the modified Mallampati test in sitting and supine positions among the diabetic population in predicting difficult tracheal intubation.
METHODS
A single-center prospective observational study on adult diabetic patients undergoing general anesthesia and orotracheal intubation was carried out. An observer recorded the modified Mallampati in the sitting posture during the pre-anesthetic examination. The Mallampati in the supine position was determined while in the operating room, and the difficulty of intubation was noted, and diagnostic precision was calculated. The main objective was to predict a difficult airway by calculating the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value.
RESULTS
Out of the 150 participants, Mallampati grading in a sitting position was correctly able to identify 42.5% of difficult intubation cases, whereas it was 97.5% with Mallampati in the supine position. Mallampati grading in the sitting position was able to correctly identify 89.1% of easy intubation cases, which was 63.6% with Mallampati in the supine position. The correlation of Mallampati in the supine position with CL grading was statistically significant (P < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
Among diabetic patients, the modified Mallampati test in the supine position can be considered a more accurate and sensitive predictor of difficult intubation than the sitting posture.
PubMed: 38741898
DOI: 10.5812/aapm-145034