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Diabetologia Jul 2024The associations of sitting, standing, physical activity and sleep with cardiometabolic health and glycaemic control markers are interrelated. We aimed to identify 24 h...
Associations of 24 h time-use compositions of sitting, standing, physical activity and sleeping with optimal cardiometabolic risk and glycaemic control: The Maastricht Study.
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS
The associations of sitting, standing, physical activity and sleep with cardiometabolic health and glycaemic control markers are interrelated. We aimed to identify 24 h time-use compositions associated with optimal metabolic and glycaemic control and determine whether these varied by diabetes status.
METHODS
Thigh-worn activPAL data from 2388 participants aged 40-75 years (48.7% female; mean age 60.1 [SD = 8.1] years; n=684 with type 2 diabetes) in The Maastricht Study were examined. Compositional isometric log ratios were generated from mean 24 h time use (sitting, standing, light-intensity physical activity [LPA], moderate-to-vigorous physical activity [MVPA] and sleeping) and regressed with outcomes of waist circumference, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2 h plasma glucose, HbA, the Matsuda index expressed as z scores, and with a clustered cardiometabolic risk score. Overall analyses were adjusted for demographics, smoking, dietary intake and diabetes status, and interaction by diabetes status was examined separately. The estimated difference when substituting 30 min of one behaviour with another was determined with isotemporal substitution. To identify optimal time use, all combinations of 24 h compositions possible within the study footprint (1st-99th percentile of each behaviour) were investigated to determine those cross-sectionally associated with the most-optimal outcome (top 5%) for each outcome measure.
RESULTS
Compositions lower in sitting time and with greater standing time, physical activity and sleeping had the most beneficial associations with outcomes. Associations were stronger in participants with type 2 diabetes (p<0.05 for interactions), with larger estimated benefits for waist circumference, FPG and HbA when sitting was replaced by LPA or MVPA in those with type 2 diabetes vs the overall sample. The mean (range) optimal compositions of 24 h time use, considering all outcomes, were 6 h (range 5 h 40 min-7 h 10 min) for sitting, 5 h 10 min (4 h 10 min-6 h 10 min) for standing, 2 h 10 min (2 h-2 h 20 min) for LPA, 2 h 10 min (1 h 40 min-2 h 20 min) for MVPA and 8 h 20 min (7 h 30 min-9 h) for sleeping.
CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION
Shorter sitting time and more time spent standing, undergoing physical activity and sleeping are associated with preferable cardiometabolic health. The substitutions of behavioural time use were significantly stronger in their associations with glycaemic control in those with type 2 diabetes compared with those with normoglycaemic metabolism, especially when sitting time was balanced with greater physical activity.
Topics: Humans; Middle Aged; Female; Male; Sleep; Exercise; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Adult; Sitting Position; Blood Glucose; Glycemic Control; Cardiometabolic Risk Factors; Standing Position; Glycated Hemoglobin; Sedentary Behavior; Waist Circumference; Cross-Sectional Studies
PubMed: 38656371
DOI: 10.1007/s00125-024-06145-0 -
Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience 2024The aim of this study was to cross-sectionally investigate how static balance changes throughout the aging process in older women aged from their early sixties to their...
Age-related changes in static balance in older women aged in their early sixties to their late eighties: different aging patterns in the anterior-posterior and mediolateral directions.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to cross-sectionally investigate how static balance changes throughout the aging process in older women aged from their early sixties to their late eighties.
METHODS
Forty-six older women (aged 62-89 years) were requested to stand barefoot and quietly on a force platform for 30 s with their eyes either open or closed. During the trials, the position of the center of foot pressure (CoP) and the acceleration of the body's center of mass (ACC) were measured. The root mean square (RMS) of the CoP and ACC values was calculated to evaluate the amplitude of postural sway and the level of regulatory activity, respectively. The mean power frequency of the ACC was also calculated to represent the temporal characteristics of regulatory activity.
RESULTS
In the anterior-posterior direction, there was no significant relationship between the RMS of CoP and the participants' age, whereas the RMS of ACC significantly increased with increasing age. In the mediolateral direction, however, the RMS of CoP significantly increased with increasing age, whereas the RMS of ACC did not change with age. The mean power frequency of ACC did not exhibit any age-related change in either the anterior-posterior or the mediolateral direction.
CONCLUSION
The results indicate that static balance in older women aged in their early sixties to their late eighties exhibits distinctly contrasting aging patterns between the anterior-posterior and mediolateral directions. To prevent falls in older women, it is necessary to elucidate the physiological mechanisms responsible for the increase in mediolateral sway that occurs throughout old age.
PubMed: 38655430
DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1361244 -
Journal of Neuroengineering and... Apr 2024We hypothesized that postural instability observed in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) can be classified as distinct subtypes based on comprehensive analyses of...
BACKGROUND
We hypothesized that postural instability observed in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) can be classified as distinct subtypes based on comprehensive analyses of various evaluated parameters obtained from time-series of center of pressure (CoP) data during quiet standing. The aim of this study was to characterize the postural control patterns in PD patients by performing an exploratory factor analysis and subsequent cluster analysis using CoP time-series data during quiet standing.
METHODS
127 PD patients, 47 aged 65 years or older healthy older adults, and 71 healthy young adults participated in this study. Subjects maintain quiet standing for 30 s on a force platform and 23 variables were calculated from the measured CoP time-series data. Exploratory factor analysis and cluster analysis with a Gaussian mixture model using factors were performed on each variable to classify subgroups based on differences in characteristics of postural instability in PD.
RESULTS
The factor analysis identified five factors (magnitude of sway, medio-lateral frequency, anterio-posterior frequency, component of high frequency, and closed-loop control). Based on the five extracted factors, six distinct subtypes were identified, which can be considered as subtypes of distinct manifestations of postural disorders in PD patients. Factor loading scores for the clinical classifications (younger, older, and PD severity) overlapped, but the cluster classification scores were clearly separated.
CONCLUSIONS
The cluster categorization clearly identifies symptom-dependent differences in the characteristics of the CoP, suggesting that the detected clusters can be regarded as subtypes of distinct manifestations of postural disorders in patients with PD.
Topics: Humans; Parkinson Disease; Male; Female; Aged; Postural Balance; Standing Position; Middle Aged; Multivariate Analysis; Cluster Analysis; Adult; Factor Analysis, Statistical; Young Adult
PubMed: 38654376
DOI: 10.1186/s12984-024-01358-1 -
American Journal of Physiology.... Jun 2024Postexercise reduction in blood pressure, termed postexercise hypotension (PEH), is relevant for both acute and chronic health reasons and potentially for peripheral...
Postexercise reduction in blood pressure, termed postexercise hypotension (PEH), is relevant for both acute and chronic health reasons and potentially for peripheral cardiovascular adaptations. We investigated the interactive effects of exercise intensity and recovery postures (seated, supine, and standing) on PEH. Thirteen normotensive men underwent a V̇o test on a cycle ergometer and five exhaustive constant load trials to determine critical power (CP) and the gas exchange threshold (GET). Subsequently, work-matched exercise trials were performed at two discrete exercise intensities (10% > CP and 10% < GET), with 1 h of recovery in each of the three postures. For both exercise intensities, standing posture resulted in a more substantial PEH (all < 0.01). For both standing and seated recovery postures, the higher exercise intensity led to larger reductions in systolic [standing: -33 (11) vs. -21 (8) mmHg; seated: -34 (32) vs. -17 (37) mmHg, < 0.01], diastolic [standing: -18 (7) vs. -8 (5) mmHg; seated: -10 (10) vs. -1 (4) mmHg, < 0.01], and mean arterial pressures [-13 (8) vs. -2 (4) mmHg, < 0.01], whereas in the supine recovery posture, the reduction in diastolic [-9 (9) vs. -4 (3) mmHg, = 0.08) and mean arterial pressures [-7 (5) vs. -3 (4) mmHg, = 0.06] was not consistently affected by prior exercise intensity. PEH is more pronounced during recovery from exercise performed above CP versus below GET. However, the effect of exercise intensity on PEH is largely abolished when recovery is performed in the supine posture. The magnitude of postexercise hypotension is greater following the intensity above the critical power in a standing position.
Topics: Humans; Male; Exercise; Adult; Blood Pressure; Posture; Post-Exercise Hypotension; Young Adult; Supine Position; Recovery of Function; Standing Position; Sitting Position; Hypotension; Oxygen Consumption
PubMed: 38646812
DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00036.2024 -
Journal of Craniovertebral Junction &... 2024Cervical spine alignment is evaluated by measuring the cervical angles or parameters on standing plain radiography. In this study, we aimed to evaluate mainly the upper...
OBJECTIVES
Cervical spine alignment is evaluated by measuring the cervical angles or parameters on standing plain radiography. In this study, we aimed to evaluate mainly the upper cervical alignment and the correlation between upper and lower cervical sagittal parameters measured on supine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Cervical MRIs of 210 outpatients were reviewed to measure the upper and lower cervical sagittal parameters. Their mean values were compared with normative values measured on standing X-ray from the literature. Correlations between the parameters were analyzed using the Pearson's correlation coefficient.
RESULTS
The C0 slope was correlated with all other parameters, except for the C2-7 sagittal vertical axis. The strongest correlations (r > 0.500) were between the CL and C2 slope, between the CO and C0 slope, and between the C2 slope and C0 slope.
CONCLUSION
On supine MRI, the C0 slope is a key marker of cervical spinal alignment. A strong correlation was observed between the C2 slope and C0 slope; therefore, the relationship between upper and lower cervical alignment could be assessed using slopes on MRI.
PubMed: 38644912
DOI: 10.4103/jcvjs.jcvjs_185_23 -
Gender differences in spinal mobility during postural changes: a detailed analysis using upright CT.Scientific Reports Apr 2024Lumbar spinal alignment is crucial for spine biomechanics and is linked to various spinal pathologies. However, limited research has explored gender-specific differences...
Lumbar spinal alignment is crucial for spine biomechanics and is linked to various spinal pathologies. However, limited research has explored gender-specific differences using CT scans. The objective was to evaluate and compare lumbar spinal alignment between standing and sitting CT in healthy individuals, focusing on gender differences. 24 young and 25 elderly males (M) and females (F) underwent standing and sitting CT scans to assess lumbar spinal alignment. Parameters measured and compared between genders included lumbar lordosis (LL), sacral slope (SS), pelvic tilt (PT), pelvic incidence (PI), lordotic angle (LA), foraminal height (FH), and bony boundary area (BBA). Females showed significantly larger changes in SS and PT when transitioning from standing to sitting (p = .044, p = .038). A notable gender difference was also observed in the L4-S LA among the elderly, with females showing a significantly larger decrease in lordotic angle compared to males (- 14.1° vs. - 9.2°, p = .039*). Females consistently exhibited larger FH and BBA values, particularly in lower lumbar segments, which was more prominent in the elderly group (M vs. F: L4/5 BBA 80.1 mm [46.3, 97.8] vs. 109.7 mm [74.4, 121.3], p = .019 in sitting). These findings underline distinct gender-related variations in lumbar alignment and flexibility, with a focus on noteworthy changes in BBA and FH in females. Gender differences in lumbar spinal alignment were evident, with females displaying greater pelvic and sacral mobility. Considering gender-specific characteristics is crucial for assessing spinal alignment and understanding spinal pathologies. These findings contribute to our understanding of lumbar spinal alignment and have implications for gender-specific spinal conditions and treatments.
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Aged; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Lumbar Vertebrae; Adult; Posture; Middle Aged; Lordosis; Sex Characteristics; Sitting Position; Sex Factors; Biomechanical Phenomena; Young Adult; Standing Position; Spine
PubMed: 38644423
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59840-8 -
Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma... May 2024Lumbar lordosis can be divided into two parts by a horizontal line, creating the L1 slope and the sacral slope. Despite being a major spinopelvic parameter, the L1slope...
OBJECTIVE
Lumbar lordosis can be divided into two parts by a horizontal line, creating the L1 slope and the sacral slope. Despite being a major spinopelvic parameter, the L1slope (L1S) is rarely reported. However, there is some evidence that L1S is a relatively constant parameter. This study aimed to analyze the L1 slope and its relationships with other spinopelvic parameters.
METHODS
Standing lateral lumbosacral x-ray radiographies of 76 patients with low back pain and CT scans of 116 asymptomatic subjects were evaluated for spinal and spinopelvic parameters including L1 slope (L1S). The x-ray and CT groups were divided into subgroups according to mean sacral slope (SS) or pelvic incidence (PI) values. The mean values of the spinopelvic parameters and the correlations between them were investigated and compared.
RESULTS
L1S was 19.70 and 18.15 in low SS and high SS subgroups of x-ray respectively. L1S was 7.95 and 9.36 in low and high PI subgroups of CT, respectively, and the differences were insignificant statistically. L1S was the only spinal parameter that did not change as SS or PI increased in standing and supine positions. L1S was correlated with lumbar lordosis (LL) proximal lumbar lordosis (PLL) and distal lumbar lordosis (DLL) in both x-ray and CT groups. L1S was also the strongest correlated parameter with pelvic incidence lumbar lordosis mismatch (PI-LL) mismatch in supine position.
CONCLUSIONS
L1S is a relatively constant parameter and is around 16°-18° and 8°-9° in the standing and supine positions, respectively. It was significantly correlated with LL, PLL, DLL, and PI-LL. In the standing position it was nearly equal to PLL while this equality was present in low PI subgroups of CT. There is strong evidence that L1S is significantly correlated with health-related quality of life scores.
Topics: Humans; Male; Lumbar Vertebrae; Female; Adult; Middle Aged; Lordosis; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Low Back Pain; Aged; Young Adult; Sacrum
PubMed: 38642160
DOI: 10.1007/s00402-024-05311-8 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Apr 2024This study evaluates a new multiport device with single access to the abdominal cavity produced with routine hospital supplies that could be applied to laparoscopically...
This study evaluates a new multiport device with single access to the abdominal cavity produced with routine hospital supplies that could be applied to laparoscopically assisted cryptorchidectomy in standing horses. Initially, the new device was evaluated on five cadavers of bovine fetuses ( = 5), placed assisted in a minilaparotomy performed in the flank region. Subsequently, the device was evaluated in four cryptorchid horses treated during the hospital routine. During the evaluation of the new device, the possibilities of exploring the abdominal cavity, inspection, and intra-abdominal manipulation with two Babcock forceps were verified. The possibilities were described, and surgical time data were recorded and analyzed using descriptive statistics. In the cadavers, a wide exploration of the abdominal cavity was possible, with a laparoscopic inspection through the right paralumbar fossa and manipulation of intra-abdominal structures with Babcock forceps inserted by the new device. In cryptorchid horses, laparoscopically assisted cryptorchidectomy with a new device was feasible in two patients, and in the others, it allowed the diagnosis of adhesions and ectopic locations in the inguinal region of testicles retained in the cavity. Therefore, the new device was efficient in exploring the inguinal region of cryptorchid horses in the standing position. The present study is preliminary and can support future studies that aim to improve the developed prototype.
PubMed: 38612330
DOI: 10.3390/ani14071091 -
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2024A force plate is mainly used in biomechanics; it aims to measure the ground reaction force in a person's walking or standing position. In this study, a large-area force...
A force plate is mainly used in biomechanics; it aims to measure the ground reaction force in a person's walking or standing position. In this study, a large-area force mat of the piezoresistance sensing type was developed, and a deep-learning-based weight measurement calibration method was applied to solve the problem in which measurements are not normalized because of physical limitations in hardware and signal processing. The test set was composed of the values measured at each point by weight and the value of the center of the pressure variable, and the measured value was predicted using a deep neural network (DNN) regression model. The calibration verification results show that the average weight errors range from a minimum of 0.06% to a maximum of 3.334%. This is simpler than the previous method, which directly measures the ratio of the resistance value to the measured weight of each sensor and derives an equation.
PubMed: 38610573
DOI: 10.3390/s24072363 -
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2024Hip-worn accelerometers are commonly used to assess habitual physical activity, but their accuracy in precisely measuring sedentary behavior (SB) is generally considered...
Hip-worn accelerometers are commonly used to assess habitual physical activity, but their accuracy in precisely measuring sedentary behavior (SB) is generally considered low. The angle for postural estimation (APE) method has shown promising accuracy in SB measurement. This method relies on the constant nature of Earth's gravity and the assumption that walking posture is typically upright. This study investigated how cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and body mass index (BMI) are related to APE output. A total of 3475 participants with adequate accelerometer wear time were categorized into three groups according to CRF or BMI. Participants in low CRF and high BMI groups spent more time in reclining and lying postures (APE ≥ 30°) and less time in sitting and standing postures (APE < 30°) than the other groups. Furthermore, the strongest partial Spearman correlation with CRF (r = 0.284) and BMI (r = -0.320) was observed for APE values typical for standing. The findings underscore the utility of the APE method in studying associations between SB and health outcomes. Importantly, this study emphasizes the necessity of reserving the term "sedentary behavior" for studies wherein the classification of SB is based on both intensity and posture.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Sedentary Behavior; Posture; Standing Position; Sitting Position; Hominidae
PubMed: 38610452
DOI: 10.3390/s24072241