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ACG Case Reports Journal Jul 2024
PubMed: 38939353
DOI: 10.14309/crj.0000000000001396 -
ACG Case Reports Journal Jul 2024Transcatheter arterial radioembolization (TARE) is a common locoregional treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma. It is associated with peptic ulcer disease in up to 5%...
Transcatheter arterial radioembolization (TARE) is a common locoregional treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma. It is associated with peptic ulcer disease in up to 5% of patients. A 70-year-old man with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and liver cirrhosis with hepatocellular carcinoma treated with TARE 6 months earlier was evaluated for continued melena and was found to have an ulcer in the excluded stomach. This was successfully treated with liquid proton pump inhibitor through gastrostomy tube to the excluded stomach. This represents a unique case of successful management of TARE-induced peptic ulcer disease in the excluded stomach of a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass patient.
PubMed: 38939352
DOI: 10.14309/crj.0000000000001399 -
Animal Bioscience Jun 2024The objective of this study was to reveal the influence of acute and chronic heat stress (HS) on the abundance and function of rumen microbiome and host metabolism.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to reveal the influence of acute and chronic heat stress (HS) on the abundance and function of rumen microbiome and host metabolism.
METHODS
The forty mid-lactation goats were randomly divided into two artificial environments a control group and a heat-stressed group. This study was collected from two periods, 1 day and 28 days. The first day was defined as control 1 (CT1) and HS 1 (acute HS), and the last day was defined as CT28 and HS28 (chronic HS). On the first and last day, 6 dairy goats in each group were randomly selected to collect rumen liquid after the morning feeding through oral stomach tubes. The barn temperature and humidity were recorded every day.
RESULTS
Disruption of the rumen microbiome was observed under chronic HS, represented by an increase in the abundance of Prevotella and Bacteroidales (p<0.05), and upregulation of carbohydrate transport and metabolism functions (p<0.05). Additionally, the abundance of Succinimonas and Ruminobacter in chronic HS is lower than in acute HS (p<0.05), and the functions of intracellular trafficking, secretion and vesicular transport, and the cytoskeleton were downregulated (p<0.05).
CONCLUSION
HS affected the interaction between the microbiota and host, thereby regulating milk production in dairy goats. These findings increased understanding of the crosstalk between hosts and microorganisms.
PubMed: 38938027
DOI: 10.5713/ab.24.0120 -
Journal of Microbiology and... Jun 2024The gastrointestinal (GI) tract of shrimp, which is comprised of the stomach, hepatopancreas, and intestine, houses microbial communities that play crucial roles in...
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract of shrimp, which is comprised of the stomach, hepatopancreas, and intestine, houses microbial communities that play crucial roles in immune defense, nutrient absorption, and overall health. While the intestine's microbiome has been well-studied, there has been limited research investigating the stomach and hepatopancreas. The present study addresses this gap by profiling the bacterial community in these interconnected GI segments of Pacific whiteleg shrimp. To this end, shrimp samples were collected from a local aquaculture farm in South Korea, and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing was performed. The results revealed significant variations in bacterial diversity and composition among GI segments. The stomach and hepatopancreas exhibited higher Proteobacteria abundance, while the intestine showed a more diverse microbiome, including Cyanobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Chloroflexi, and Verrucomicrobia. Genera such as , , , , and dominated the intestine, while , , and prevailed in the stomach and hepatopancreas. It is particularly notable that , which is associated with nitrate reduction and pollutant degradation, was prominent in the hepatopancreas. Overall, this study provides insights into the microbial ecology of the Pacific whiteleg shrimp's GI tract, thus enhancing our understanding of shrimp health with the aim of supporting sustainable aquaculture practices.
Topics: Animals; Penaeidae; Hepatopancreas; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Bacteria; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Republic of Korea; Intestines; Phylogeny; Stomach; Biodiversity; Aquaculture; DNA, Bacterial
PubMed: 38938005
DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2403.03039 -
Journal of Experimental & Clinical... Jun 2024This study aimed to develop a novel six-gene expression biomarker panel to enhance the early detection and risk stratification of peritoneal recurrence and...
BACKGROUND
This study aimed to develop a novel six-gene expression biomarker panel to enhance the early detection and risk stratification of peritoneal recurrence and micrometastasis in locally advanced gastric cancer (LAGC).
METHODS
We used genome-wide transcriptome profiling and rigorous bioinformatics to identify a six-gene expression biomarker panel. This panel was validated across multiple clinical cohorts using both tissue and liquid biopsy samples to predict peritoneal recurrence and micrometastasis in patients with LAGC.
RESULTS
Through genome-wide expression profiling, we identified six mRNAs and developed a risk prediction model using 196 samples from a surgical specimen training cohort. This model, incorporating a 6-mRNA panel with clinical features, demonstrated high predictive accuracy for peritoneal recurrence in gastric cancer patients, with an AUC of 0.966 (95% CI: 0.944-0.988). Transitioning from invasive surgical or endoscopic biopsy to noninvasive liquid biopsy, the model retained its predictive efficacy (AUC = 0.963; 95% CI: 0.926-1.000). Additionally, the 6-mRNA panel effectively differentiated patients with or without peritoneal metastasis in 95 peripheral blood specimens (AUC = 0.970; 95% CI: 0.936-1.000) and identified peritoneal micrometastases with a high efficiency (AUC = 0.941; 95% CI: 0.874-1.000).
CONCLUSIONS
Our study provides a novel gene expression biomarker panel that significantly enhances early detection of peritoneal recurrence and micrometastasis in patients with LAGC. The RSA model's predictive capability offers a promising tool for tailored treatment strategies, underscoring the importance of integrating molecular biomarkers with clinical parameters in precision oncology.
Topics: Humans; Stomach Neoplasms; Liquid Biopsy; Female; Neoplasm Micrometastasis; Male; Peritoneal Neoplasms; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Biomarkers, Tumor; Gene Expression Profiling; Middle Aged; Transcriptome; Aged
PubMed: 38937855
DOI: 10.1186/s13046-024-03098-5 -
Lipids in Health and Disease Jun 2024Digestive system cancers represent a significant global health challenge and are attributed to a combination of demographic and lifestyle changes. Lipidomics has emerged...
BACKGROUND
Digestive system cancers represent a significant global health challenge and are attributed to a combination of demographic and lifestyle changes. Lipidomics has emerged as a pivotal area in cancer research, suggesting that alterations in lipid metabolism are closely linked to cancer development. However, the causal relationship between specific lipid profiles and digestive system cancer risk remains unclear.
METHODS
Using a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach, we elucidated the causal relationships between lipidomic profiles and the risk of five types of digestive system cancer: stomach, liver, esophageal, pancreatic, and colorectal cancers. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect impact of developing lipid profiles on the risk of digestive system cancers utilizing data from public databases such as the GWAS Catalog and the UK Biobank. The inverse‒variance weighted (IVW) method and other strict MR methods were used to evaluate the potential causal links. In addition, we performed sensitivity analyses and reverse MR analyses to ensure the robustness of the results.
RESULTS
Significant causal relationships were identified between certain lipidomic traits and the risk of developing digestive system cancers. Elevated sphingomyelin (d40:1) levels were associated with a reduced risk of developing gastric cancer (odds ratio (OR) = 0.68, P < 0.001), while elevated levels of phosphatidylcholine (16:1_20:4) increased the risk of developing esophageal cancer (OR = 1.31, P = 0.02). Conversely, phosphatidylcholine (18:2_0:0) had a protective effect against colorectal cancer (OR = 0.86, P = 0.036). The bidirectional analysis did not suggest reverse causality between cancer risk and lipid levels. Strict MR methods demonstrated the robustness of the above causal relationships.
CONCLUSION
Our findings underscore the significant causal relationships between specific lipidomic traits and the risk of developing various digestive system cancers, highlighting the potential of lipid profiles in informing cancer prevention and treatment strategies. These results reinforce the value of MR in unraveling complex lipid-cancer interactions, offering new avenues for research and clinical application.
Topics: Humans; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Digestive System Neoplasms; Genome-Wide Association Study; Lipid Metabolism; Lipids; Risk Factors; Lipidomics; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Sphingomyelins; Esophageal Neoplasms
PubMed: 38937739
DOI: 10.1186/s12944-024-02191-0 -
BMC Cancer Jun 2024Ubiquitin-specific peptidase 10 (USP10), a typical de-ubiquitinase, has been found to play a double-edged role in human cancers. Previously, we reported that the...
OBJECTIVE
Ubiquitin-specific peptidase 10 (USP10), a typical de-ubiquitinase, has been found to play a double-edged role in human cancers. Previously, we reported that the expression of USP10 was negatively correlated with the depth of gastric wall invasion, lymph node metastasis, and prognosis in gastric cancer (GC) patients. However, it remains unclear whether USP10 can regulate the metastasis of GC cells through its de-ubiquitination function.
METHODS
In this study, proteome, ubiquitinome, and transcriptome analyses were conducted to comprehensively identify novel de-ubiquitination targets for USP10 in GC cells. Subsequently, a series of validation experiments, including in vitro cell culture studies, in vivo metastatic tumor models, and clinical sample analyses, were performed to elucidate the regulatory mechanism of USP10 and its de-ubiquitination targets in GC metastasis.
RESULTS
After overexpression of USP10 in GC cells, 146 proteins, 489 ubiquitin sites, and 61 mRNAs exhibited differential expression. By integrating the results of multi-omics, we ultimately screened 9 potential substrates of USP10, including TNFRSF10B, SLC2A3, CD44, CSTF2, RPS27, TPD52, GPS1, RNF185, and MED16. Among them, TNFRSF10B was further verified as a direct de-ubiquitination target for USP10 by Co-IP and protein stabilization assays. The dysregulation of USP10 or TNFRSF10B affected the migration and invasion of GC cells in vitro and in vivo models. Molecular mechanism studies showed that USP10 inhibited the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process by increasing the stability of TNFRSF10B protein, thereby regulating the migration and invasion of GC cells. Finally, the retrospective clinical sample studies demonstrated that the downregulation of TNFRSF10B expression was associated with poor survival among 4 of 7 GC cohorts, and the expression of TNFRSF10B protein was significantly negatively correlated with the incidence of distant metastasis, diffuse type, and poorly cohesive carcinoma.
CONCLUSIONS
Our study established a high-throughput strategy for screening de-ubiquitination targets for USP10 and further confirmed that inhibiting the ubiquitination of TNFRSF10B might be a promising therapeutic strategy for GC metastasis.
Topics: Stomach Neoplasms; Humans; Ubiquitin Thiolesterase; Ubiquitination; Mice; Animals; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Movement; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Female; Male; Neoplasm Metastasis; Gene Expression Profiling; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition; Prognosis; Multiomics
PubMed: 38937694
DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12549-3 -
ENeuro Jun 2024Ghrelin is a stomach-derived hormone that increases feeding and is elevated in response to chronic psychosocial stressors. The effects of ghrelin on feeding are mediated...
Ghrelin is a stomach-derived hormone that increases feeding and is elevated in response to chronic psychosocial stressors. The effects of ghrelin on feeding are mediated by the binding of ghrelin to the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR), a receptor located in hypothalamic and extra-hypothalamic regions important for regulating food intake and metabolic rate. The ability of ghrelin to enter the brain, however, seems to be restricted to circumventricular organs like the median eminence and the brain stem area postrema (AP), whereas ghrelin does not readily enter other GHSR expressing regions like the ventral tegmental area (VTA). Interestingly, social stressors result in increased blood brain barrier permeability, and this could therefore facilitate the entry of ghrelin into the brain. To investigate this, we exposed mice to social defeat stress for 21 days, then peripherally injected a Cy5-labelled biologically active ghrelin analogue. Results demonstrate that chronically stressed mice exhibit higher Cy5-ghrelin fluorescence in several hypothalamic regions in addition to the ARC, including the hippocampus and midbrain. Furthermore, Cy5-ghrelin injections resulted in increased FOS expression in regions associated with the reward system in the chronically stressed mice. Further histologic analyses identified a reduction in branching of hypothalamic astrocytes in the ARC-median eminence junction, suggesting increased blood-brain barrier permeability. These data support the hypothesis that during metabolically challenging conditions like chronic stress, ghrelin may be more able to cross the blood brain barrier and diffuse throughout the brain to target GHSR expressing brain regions away from circumventricular organs. Ghrelin is secreted in response to negative energy balance states including stress and is associated with changes in food intake and energy balance. The receptors for ghrelin are found throughout the brain but ghrelin seems to only reach circumventricular regions where the blood brain barrier is more porous. In this paper we demonstrate that chronic social defeat stress increases brain permeability to ghrelin to allow for entry and activation of target sites in the mesolimbic dopaminergic system that are not accessible to ghrelin under non-stress conditions. Overall, these results provide for an explanation as to how ghrelin can access the mesolimbic dopaminergic system in a state dependent manner.
PubMed: 38937108
DOI: 10.1523/ENEURO.0093-24.2024 -
Langenbeck's Archives of Surgery Jun 2024Perioperative chemotherapy combined with surgical resection represent the gold standard in the treatment of locally advanced gastric cancer. The Mandard tumor regression...
PURPOSE
Perioperative chemotherapy combined with surgical resection represent the gold standard in the treatment of locally advanced gastric cancer. The Mandard tumor regression score (TRG) is widely used to evaluate pathological response to neoadjuvant treatment. The aim of this study was to assess the prognostic value of TRG in terms of overall survival (OS) and disease-free (DFS).
METHODS
Retrospective analysis of all consecutive patients who underwent oncological gastrectomy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy from January 2007 to December 2019 for gastric adenocarcinoma was performed. Based on their TRG status they were categorized into two groups: good responders (TRG 1-2) and poor responders (TRG 3-5). Subsequent multivariable analyses were conducted.
RESULTS
Seventy-four patients were included, whereby 15 (20.3%) were TRG 1-2. Neoadjuvant regimens for TRG 1-2 vs. TRG 3-5 were similar: MAGIC (53% vs. 39%), FLOT (40% vs. 36%), FOLFOX (7% vs. 15%, p = 0.462). Histologic types according to Lauren classification for TRG 1-2 vs. TRG 3-5 were: 13% vs. 29% intestinal, 53% vs. 44% diffuse and 34% vs. 27% indeterminate (p = 0.326). TRG 1-2 group exhibited significantly less advanced ypT (46% vs. 10%, p = 0.001) and ypN stages (66% vs. 37%, p = 0.008), alongside a diminished recurrence rate (20% vs. 42%, p = 0.111). The 3-year DFS was significantly better in this group (81% vs. 47%, p = 0.041) whereas the disparity in three-year OS (92% vs. 55%, p = 0.054) did not attain statistical significance.
CONCLUSIONS
TRG 1-2 was associated with less advanced ypT and ypN stage and better DFS compared to TRG 3-5 patients, without a significant impact on OS.
Topics: Humans; Stomach Neoplasms; Gastrectomy; Male; Female; Retrospective Studies; Middle Aged; Aged; Prognosis; Neoadjuvant Therapy; Adenocarcinoma; Neoplasm Grading; Adult; Neoplasm Staging; Disease-Free Survival; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; Survival Rate; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 38935163
DOI: 10.1007/s00423-024-03388-8 -
The Pan African Medical Journal 2024We report a case of a Morgagni hernia repaired by primary closure with an extra-abdominal suture. Moreover, we reviewed cases of laparoscopically repaired Morgagni... (Review)
Review
We report a case of a Morgagni hernia repaired by primary closure with an extra-abdominal suture. Moreover, we reviewed cases of laparoscopically repaired Morgagni hernia, in which the size of the hernia defect was known, to establish a size criterion for mesh utilization. An 87-year-old woman presented to our hospital with right upper abdominal pain and vomiting. She had no history of abdominal surgery or trauma. Chest radiography and computed tomography (CT) revealed a Morgagni hernia, with the stomach and transverse colon herniated into the right chest cavity. Initially, an endoscopic repair was performed for the herniated stomach due to her age, which was successful. However, she had a recurrence 2 days later, prompting us to perform a semi-emergent laparoscopic surgery. Laparoscopic examination revealed a Morgagni defect, with the omentum, transverse colon, and stomach herniated, with the stomach reduced by pneumoperitoneum. Fortunately, the herniated organs could be easily relocated into the abdomen with no adhesions. The hernia defect measured 6 x 3 cm. We performed primary closure with an extra-abdominal suture. No sac resection was performed. The operation lasted 98 min. Oral intake was initiated on postoperative day 1, and the patient was discharged on postoperative day 3 without complications. Chest radiography and CT scans at 1 month postoperatively showed no recurrence, and the patient remained asymptomatic at the 9-month follow-up examination. According to our review findings, primary closure is an efficient method for small hernia defects (rule of thumb: width, <4 cm; length, <7 cm).
Topics: Humans; Female; Laparoscopy; Aged, 80 and over; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Herniorrhaphy; Suture Techniques; Abdominal Pain; Recurrence; Sutures; Vomiting
PubMed: 38933436
DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2024.47.150.43103