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Frontiers in Microbiology 2020This study aimed to analyze the intestinal flora of male versus female swamp eels, which have the unique characteristic of sex reversal. Same-aged swamp eels from the...
This study aimed to analyze the intestinal flora of male versus female swamp eels, which have the unique characteristic of sex reversal. Same-aged swamp eels from the same parents, kept under the same conditions in terms of environment, diet, etc., were used as the study materials. After breeding for 1 year, 18 healthy swamp eels (nine males and nine females), weighing 39.4 ± 2.3 g, were selected. The intestinal contents of three swamp eels of the same sex were combined and labeled as follows: FM1-FM3 ( = 3) for females and MM1-MM3 ( = 3) for males. High-throughput sequencing was used to research the v3-v4 region of 16S rDNA in the intestinal flora. The results suggested significant differences in the structure, composition, and diversity of the intestinal flora of male versus female swamp eels. The relative abundances of Actinobacteria and Spirochaetes in female swamp eels were significantly higher ( < 0.05) than in male swamp eels at the phylum level. The relative abundances of , , and in female swamp eels were considerably higher ( < 0.05) than in male swamp eels at the genus level. The Alpha diversity of females was higher than that of males, and the Shannon index of females was also significantly higher ( < 0.05, Tukey's HSD) than that in males. Investigations of Beta diversity, including NMDS ordination, UPGMA cluster analysis, and PLS-DA analysis, showed that female and male swamp eels could be clearly distinguished based on significant differences in intestinal flora between the FM group and the MM group. LEfSe analysis showed that the dominant bacteria were in male swamp eels and , , , and in female swamp eels. The results showed dramatic differences in the intestinal flora between the sexes, which indicates the need for a more in-depth study on sex reversal in the future.
PubMed: 32425902
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00699 -
European Review For Medical and... Apr 2020Currently, the therapeutic effect on patients with liver cancer is associated with disease development. Meanwhile, the efficacy in patients with advanced liver cancer is...
OBJECTIVE
Currently, the therapeutic effect on patients with liver cancer is associated with disease development. Meanwhile, the efficacy in patients with advanced liver cancer is far from satisfactory. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the association of disease condition with changes in liver function indexes, intestinal flora, and plasma endotoxin (ET) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels in patients with liver cancer.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
A total of 300 patients with primary liver cancer in our hospital were enrolled in this study. All patients were divided into three groups, including early liver cancer group, middle liver cancer group, and advanced liver cancer group. Peripheral blood was collected from each subject to detect liver function indexes, procalcitonin (PCT), plasma ET, and VEGF levels. Furthermore, mid-posterior-segment stools were collected from 15 cases in each group, and sent to the company for detection of intestinal flora.
RESULTS
Liver function indexes in peripheral blood of patients with liver cancer changed with the changes in disease condition. With the progression of liver cancer, the level of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) increased significantly, and the highest was observed in advanced liver cancer patients [(91.18±10.34) U/L] (p=0.046). However, the level of plasma total protein declined significantly, which was (24.83±1.75) g/L in advanced liver cancer patients (p=0.035). The changes in total bilirubin were significantly associated with the progression of liver cancer (p=0.003). The abundance of Clostridiales, Firmicutes, and Streptococcus in the intestinal tract was high in early liver cancer group. The abundance of Ruminococcaceae, Pasteurellaceae, Tanticharoenia, and Vagococcus in the intestinal tract was high in middle liver cancer group. Meanwhile, the abundance of Bifidobacteriales, Actinobacteria, Barnesiella, Porphyromonadaceae, and Pseudomonadales in the intestinal tract was high in advanced liver cancer group. In patients with liver cancer, the level of Enterobacteriaceae was positively correlated with that of Firmicutes (r=0.36, p=0.003), whereas it was negatively correlated with Lactobacillus (r=-0.72, p=0.021). The level of Lactobacillus was positively correlated with that of Ruminococcaceae (r=0.39, p=0.043), whereas it was negatively correlated with that of Firmicutes (r=-0.27, p=0.019). In addition, the level of PCT markedly rose in advanced liver cancer group [(6.89±0.35) ng/mL] (p=0.021). The level of ET increased significantly with the development of liver cancer, with the highest level observed in advanced liver cancer group [(0.71±0.09) EU/mL] (p=0.004). The level of VEGF also increased remarkably with the aggravation of liver cancer, and the highest was found in advanced liver cancer group [(112.33±2.11) μmol/L], showing differences among groups (p<0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
With the progression of liver cancer, the abundance of Barnesiella, etc., rose and that of Ruminococcaceae, etc., declined in the intestinal tract. Meanwhile, the composition of intestinal flora was changed, and the levels of plasma ET and VEGF increased.
Topics: Endotoxins; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Liver Neoplasms; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
PubMed: 32329835
DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202004_20822 -
New Microbes and New Infections Mar 2020belongs to the genus; it is possible to isolate vagococci from marine hosts, contaminated food and soil. To our knowledge, this is the first case of bloodstream...
belongs to the genus; it is possible to isolate vagococci from marine hosts, contaminated food and soil. To our knowledge, this is the first case of bloodstream infection with and only the second reported human infection in the literature. As in the first reported case of clinical infection with , this woman had several wounds. The clinical investigation showed no other foci for the bloodstream infection, so we hypothesize that the wounds were colonized, although they showed no signs of infection and skin swabs did not reveal .
PubMed: 32071726
DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100649 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2019Seafood and fishery products are very perishable commodities with short shelf-lives owing to rapid deterioration of their organoleptic and microbiological quality....
Salmon Gravlax Biopreservation With Lactic Acid Bacteria: A Polyphasic Approach to Assessing the Impact on Organoleptic Properties, Microbial Ecosystem and Volatilome Composition.
Seafood and fishery products are very perishable commodities with short shelf-lives owing to rapid deterioration of their organoleptic and microbiological quality. Microbial growth and activity are responsible for up to 25% of food losses in the fishery industry. In this context and to meet consumer demand for minimally processed food, developing mild preservation technologies such as biopreservation represents a major challenge. In this work, we studied the use of six lactic acid bacteria (LAB), previously selected for their properties as bioprotective agents, for salmon dill gravlax biopreservation. Naturally contaminated salmon dill gravlax slices, with a commercial shelf-life of 21 days, were purchased from a French industrial company and inoculated by spraying with the protective cultures (PCs) to reach an initial concentration of 10 log CFU/g. PC impact on gravlax microbial ecosystem (cultural and acultural methods), sensory properties (sensory profiling test), biochemical parameters (pH, TMA, TVBN, biogenic amines) and volatilome was followed for 25 days of storage at 8°C in vacuum packaging. PC antimicrobial activity was also assessed against . This polyphasic approach underlined two scenarios depending on the protective strain. SF1944, EU2229 and EU2249, were very competitive in the product, dominated the microbial ecosystem, and displayed antimicrobial activity against the spoilage microbiota and The strains also expressed their own sensory and volatilome signatures. However, of these three strains, SF1944 did not induce strong spoilage and was the most efficient for growth control. By contrast, CD264, MIP2551 and SF1044 were not competitive, did not express strong antimicrobial activity and produced only few organic volatile compounds (VOCs). However, CD264 was the only strain to extend the sensory quality, even beyond 25 days. This study shows that SF1944 and CD264 both have a promising potential as bioprotective cultures to ensure salmon gravlax microbial safety and sensorial quality, respectively.
PubMed: 32038547
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.03103 -
Journal of Cardiology Cases Oct 2019A 70-year-old male with a past history of coronary artery bypass grafting, presented with high-grade fever and rapidly progressive dyspnea for 3 days. He was febrile and...
A 70-year-old male with a past history of coronary artery bypass grafting, presented with high-grade fever and rapidly progressive dyspnea for 3 days. He was febrile and a prominent diastolic murmur was noted in the aortic area. Transesophageal echocardiography showed severe aortic regurgitation with multiple mobile vegetations attached to both supra- and infravalvular surfaces of aortic valve. Blood cultures grew which was confirmed with identification and antibiotic susceptibility test testing and S16 RNA sequencing. The patient underwent aortic valve replacement with a bioprosthetic valve. Repeat blood culture was sterile. He was continued on vancomycin injections for a total period of six weeks. Vagococcus is a unique genus of Gram-positive, catalase-negative, facultatively anaerobic cocci that was identified in 1989. The only other documented case of vagococcal endocarditis involving mitral and aortic valves had a similar rapidly progressive presentation with extensive valvular damage. infection appears to have fulminant course with sudden deterioration requiring surgical intervention. <: The objective in publishing this case report is multipronged. First is the rarity of the human infection by vagococci. The difficulty in accurate diagnosis of vagococcus from other lactobacilli. Vagococcus infection appears to have fulminant course with complete destruction of the valve involved, when compared to other lactobacilli. Therefore early and accurate diagnosis with surgical valvular replacement is the best way to manage this condition.>.
PubMed: 31969941
DOI: 10.1016/j.jccase.2019.07.001 -
Scientific Reports Dec 2019The black blow fly, Phormia regina (Meigen) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) is one of the most abundant carrion flies in North America. Calliphorids are important in...
The black blow fly, Phormia regina (Meigen) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) is one of the most abundant carrion flies in North America. Calliphorids are important in agriculture and animal production, veterinary sciences, forensics and medical entomology. While the role of flies in the epidemiology of human and animal diseases is an active area of research, little is known about the microorganisms associated with these insects. We examined the diversity of wild-caught black blow fly endogenous (internal body) and exogenous (external body) microbial communities using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Overall, 27 phyla, 171 families and 533 genera were detected, and diversity was significantly higher (P < 0.05) on external body surfaces. At the genus level, Dysgonomonas, Ignatzschineria, Acinetobacter, Vagococcus, Myroides, and Wohlfahrtiimonas were predominant. Cloning and sequencing of nearly full-length fragments of the 16S rRNA gene showed that some of the species identified are known to be pathogenic to humans, animals, and plants. Myroides odoratimimus and Acinetobacter radioresistens are well-known, multi-drug resistant bacteria. These results provide a snapshot of the microbial communities harbored by adult black blow flies and call for more comprehensive studies to better characterize the role these flies may play in the transmission of pathogenic microorganisms.
Topics: Animals; Biodiversity; Diptera; Farms; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Humans; Metabolome; Metabolomics; Microbiota; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 31889104
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56733-z -
Journal of Food Science and Technology Dec 2019Dairy foods are complex ecosystems composed of microorganisms from different origins that can affect flavor and safety of final products. The objective of this paper is...
Dairy foods are complex ecosystems composed of microorganisms from different origins that can affect flavor and safety of final products. The objective of this paper is to assess the in-house microbiota of two Brazilian dairies and to discuss the possible implications of the taxa determined for food protection. In total, 27 samples from dairies were cultured in selective (Baird Parker, de Man, Rogosa and Sharpe) and non-selective (Brain Heart Infusion) media, and the isolates were identified by Sanger sequencing. Moreover, metagenomic DNA was directly extracted from samples and the structure of the bacterial community was determined by massive DNA sequencing followed by bioinformatics analyses. The results showed the majority of isolates belonged to the group of lactic acid bacteria, but , , , and were also detected. From the reads obtained in metataxonomics analyses, a heatmap was constructed and the top 20 OTUs (operational taxonomic units) were determined. Besides, 12 most prevalent bacterial taxa were assigned to the core microbiota of the dairies evaluated, which included , , , , , , , , , , and . In conclusion, the results reveal the presence of bacteria that may be related to spoilage and also foodborne diseases, in microbial niches that also present rare taxa, highlighting the importance to consider culture-independent results to evaluate and improve food safety.
PubMed: 31749480
DOI: 10.1007/s13197-019-04003-1 -
International Journal of Medical... 2019: Accumulating evidence has shown that neuropsychiatric disorders are associated with gut microbiota through the gut-brain axis. However, the effects of antidepressant...
: Accumulating evidence has shown that neuropsychiatric disorders are associated with gut microbiota through the gut-brain axis. However, the effects of antidepressant treatment on gut microbiota are rarely studied. Here, we investigated whether stress led to gut microbiota changes and whether fluoxetine plays a role in microbiota alteration. : We investigated changes in gut microbiota in a depression model induced by chronic unpredicted mild stress (CUMS) and a restoration model by applying the classic antidepressant drug fluoxetine. : We found that stress led to low bacterial diversity, simpler bacterial network, and increased abundance of pathogens, such as , and conditional pathogens, such as , , and However, these changes were attenuated by fluoxetine directly and indirectly. Furthermore, the correlation analysis indicated strong correlations between gut microbiota and anxiety- and depression-like behaviors. : This study revealed that fluoxetine led to restoration of dysbiosis induced by stress stimulation, which may imply a possible pathway through which one CNS target drug plays its role in reshaping the gut microbiota.
Topics: Animals; Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; Anxiety; Depressive Disorder; Disease Models, Animal; Dysbiosis; Fluoxetine; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Male; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Stress, Psychological
PubMed: 31588192
DOI: 10.7150/ijms.37322