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Advances in Nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) Jun 2024Microbiota in early life is closely associated with the health of infants, especially premature ones. Probiotics are important drivers of gut microbiota development in... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Microbiota in early life is closely associated with the health of infants, especially premature ones. Probiotics are important drivers of gut microbiota development in preterm infants; however, there is no consensus regarding the characteristics of specific microbiota in preterm infants receiving probiotics. In this study, we performed a meta-analysis of 5 microbiome data sets (1816 stool samples from 706 preterm infants) to compare the gut microbiota of preterm infants exposed to probiotics with that of preterm infants not exposed to probiotics across populations. Despite study-specific variations, we found consistent differences in gut microbial composition and predicted functional pathways between the control and probiotic groups across different cohorts of preterm infants. The enrichment of Acinetobacter, Bifidobacterium, and Lactobacillus spp and the depletion of the potentially pathogenic bacteria Finegoldia, Veillonella, and Klebsiella spp. were the most consistent changes in the gut microbiota of preterm infants supplemented with probiotics. Probiotics drove microbiome transition into multiple preterm gut community types, and notably, preterm gut community type 3 had the highest α-diversity, with enrichment of Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides spp. At the functional level, the major predicted microbial pathways involved in peptidoglycan biosynthesis consistently increased in preterm infants supplemented with probiotics; in contrast, the crucial pathways associated with heme biosynthesis consistently decreased. Interestingly, Bifidobacterium sp. rather than Lactobacillus sp. gradually became dominant in gut microbiota of preterm infants using mixed probiotics, although both probiotic strains were administered at the same dosage. Taken together, our meta-analysis suggests that probiotics contribute to reshaping the microbial ecosystem of preterm infants at both the taxonomic and functional levels of the bacterial community. More standardized and relevant studies may contribute to better understanding the crosstalk among probiotics, the gut microbiota, and subsequent disease risk, which could help to give timely nutritional feeding guidance to preterm infants. This systematic review and meta-analysis was registered at PROSPERO (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/) as CRD42023447901.
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Probiotics; Infant, Premature; Infant, Newborn; Bifidobacterium; Feces; Bacteria; Lactobacillus; Female
PubMed: 38908894
DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100233 -
Genomics & Informatics May 2024The goal of the study was to investigate the changes in the gut microbiota during the advancement of gastric cancer (GC) and identify pertinent taxa associated with the...
The goal of the study was to investigate the changes in the gut microbiota during the advancement of gastric cancer (GC) and identify pertinent taxa associated with the disease. We used a public fecal amplicon gastric cancer dataset from the Sequence Retrieval Archive (SRA), of patients with GC, gastritis, and healthy individuals. We did sequence pre-processing, including quality filtering of the sequences. Then, we performed a diversity analysis, evaluating α- and β-diversity. Next, taxonomic composition analysis was performed and the relative abundances of different taxa at the phylum and genus levels were compared between GC, gastritis, and healthy controls. The obtained results were subsequently subjected to statistical validation. To conclude, metagenomic function prediction was carried out, followed by correlation analysis between the microbiota and KEGG pathways. α analysis revealed a significant difference between male and female categories, while β analysis demonstrated significant distinctions between GC, gastritis, and healthy controls, as well as between sexes within the GC and gastritis groups. The statistically confirmed taxonomic composition analysis highlighted the presence of the microbes Bacteroides and Veillonella. Furthermore, through metagenomic prediction analysis and correlation analysis with pathways, three taxa, namely Akkermansia, Gammaproteobacteria, and Veillonella, were identified as potential biomarkers for GC. Additionally, this study reports, for the first time, the presence of two bacteria, Desulfobacteriota and Synergistota, in GC, necessitating further investigation. Overall, this research sheds light on the potential involvement of gut microbiota in GC pathophysiology; however, additional studies are warranted to explore its functional significance.
PubMed: 38907281
DOI: 10.1186/s44342-024-00001-8 -
Frontiers in Medicine 2024To investigate the causal relationship between gut microbiota (GM) and chalazion through Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.
PURPOSE
To investigate the causal relationship between gut microbiota (GM) and chalazion through Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.
METHODS
GM-related genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were obtained from the International Consortium MiBioGen. Genetic data for chalazion were sourced from the MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) Open GWAS database. Five MR methods, including inverse variance weighted (IVW), were employed to estimate causal relationships. Cochran's Q test was used to detect heterogeneity, the MR-Egger intercept test and MR-PRESSO regression were utilized to detect horizontal pleiotropy, and the leave-one-out method was employed to validate data stability.
RESULTS
We identified 1,509 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across 119 genera as instrumental variables (IVs) ( < 1 × 10). According to the inverse variance weighted (IVW) estimate, the Family XIII AD3011 group (OR = 1.0018, 95% CI 1.0002-1.0035, = 0.030) and Catenibacterium (OR = 1.0013, 95% CI 1.0002-1.0025, = 0.022) were potentially associated with increased risk of chalazion. Conversely, Veillonella (OR = 0.9986, 95% CI 0.9974-0.9999, = 0.036) appeared to provide protection against chalazion. There was no evidence of heterogeneity or pleiotropy.
CONCLUSION
This study uncovered the causal relationship between GM and chalazion, pinpointing Catenibacterium and Family XIII AD3011 group as potential risk contributors, while highlighting Veillonella as a protective factor. In-depth investigation into the potential mechanisms of specific bacteria in chalazion was essential for providing novel therapeutic and preventive strategies in the future.
PubMed: 38895185
DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1411271 -
Journal of Advanced Research Jun 2024The interplay between influential factors and the incidence of subthreshold depression (SD) in young adults remains poorly understood.
INTRODUCTION
The interplay between influential factors and the incidence of subthreshold depression (SD) in young adults remains poorly understood.
OBJECTIVES
This study sought to understand the dietary habits, gut microbiota composition, etc. among individuals with SD in young adults and to investigate their association with SD occurrence.
METHODS
Employing a cross-sectional approach, 178 individuals with SD, aged 18-32 years, were matched with 114 healthy counterparts. SD status was evaluated using the Zung Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), Zung Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Beck Depression Inventory 2nd version (BDI-II), the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scales of Depression (HAMD-17), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Metagenomic sequencing was utilized to identify fecal microbial profiles. Dietary patterns were discerned via factor analysis of a 25-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Logistic regression analysis and mediation analysis were performed to explore the potential links between gut microbiota, dietary patterns, and incident SD.
RESULTS
Data on dietary habits were available for 292 participants (mean [SD] age, 22.1 [2.9] years; 216 [73.9 %] female). Logistic regression analysis revealed that dietary patterns Ⅰ (odds ratio [OR], 0.34; 95 % CI, 0.15-0.75) and IV (OR, 0.39; 95 % CI, 0.17-0.86 and OR, 0.39; 95 % CI, 0.18-0.84) were associated with reduced risk of SD. Distinct microbial profiles were observed in young adults with SD, marked by increased microbial diversity and taxonomic alterations. Moreover, mediation analysis suggested Veillonella atypica as a potential mediator linking SDS or BDI-II scores with a healthy dietary pattern rich in bean products, coarse grains, nuts, fruits, mushrooms, and potatoes (β = 0.25, 95 % CI: 0.02-0.78 and β = 0.18, 95 % CI: 0.01-0.54).
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings highlight the complex interplay between dietary patterns, gut microbiota, and the risk of developing SD in young adults, underscoring the potential for dietary interventions and microbiome modulation in mental health promotion.
PubMed: 38879123
DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.05.030 -
Frontiers in Psychiatry 2024Understanding the mechanisms underlying maternal postpartum depression (PPD) and its effects on offspring development is crucial. However, research on the association...
INTRODUCTION
Understanding the mechanisms underlying maternal postpartum depression (PPD) and its effects on offspring development is crucial. However, research on the association between maternal PPD, gut microbiota, and offspring neurodevelopment remains limited. This study aimed to examine the association of maternal PPD symptoms with early gut microbiome, gut metabolome, and neurodevelopment in infants at 6 months.
METHODS
Maternal PPD symptoms were assessed using the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) at 42 days postpartum. Infants stool samples collected at 42 days after birth were analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) detection. Infant neurodevelopment was measured at 6 months using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire, Third Edition (ASQ-3). Correlations between gut microbiota, metabolites and neurodevelopment were identified through co-occurrence network analysis. Finally, mediation analyses were conducted to determine potential causal pathways.
RESULTS
A total of 101 mother-infant dyads were included in the final analysis. Infants born to mothers with PPD symptoms at 42 days postpartum had lower neurodevelopmental scores at 6 months. These infants also had increased alpha diversity of gut microbiota and were abundant in and , while depleted abundance of , , and Furthermore, alterations were observed in metabolite levels linked to the Alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolic pathway, primarily characterized by decreases in N-Acetyl-L-aspartic acid, L-Aspartic acid, and L-Asparagine. Co-occurrence network and mediation analyses revealed that N-Acetyl-L-aspartic acid and L-Aspartic acid levels mediated the relationship between maternal PPD symptoms and the development of infant problem-solving skills.
CONCLUSIONS
Maternal PPD symptoms are associated with alterations in the gut microbiota and neurodevelopment in infants. This study provides new insights into potential early intervention for infants whose mother experienced PPD. Further research is warranted to elucidate the biological mechanisms underlying these associations.
PubMed: 38835546
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1385229 -
Heliyon May 2024The respiratory tract harbors a variety of microbiota, whose composition and abundance depend on specific site factors, interaction with external factors, and disease....
BACKGROUND
The respiratory tract harbors a variety of microbiota, whose composition and abundance depend on specific site factors, interaction with external factors, and disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between COVID-19 severity and the nasopharyngeal microbiome.
METHODS
We conducted a prospective cohort study in Mexico City, collecting nasopharyngeal swabs from 30 COVID-19 patients and 14 healthy volunteers. Microbiome profiling was performed using 16S rRNA gene analysis. Taxonomic assignment, classification, diversity analysis, core microbiome analysis, and statistical analysis were conducted using R packages.
RESULTS
The microbiome data analysis revealed taxonomic shifts within the nasopharyngeal microbiome in severe COVID-19. Particularly, we observed a significant reduction in the relative abundance of and genera in critically ill COVID-19 patients (p < 0.001). In contrast, these patients exhibited a marked enrichment of , and genera (p < 0.01). Analysis of the core microbiome across all samples consistently identified the presence of , , and .
CONCLUSIONS
Our study suggests that the disruption of physicochemical conditions and barriers resulting from inflammatory processes and the intubation procedure in critically ill COVID-19 patients may facilitate the colonization and invasion of the nasopharynx by oral microorganisms.
PubMed: 38826746
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31562 -
PloS One 2024While several studies have proposed a connection between the gut microbiome and the pathogenesis of Graves's disease (GD), there has been a lack of reports on alteration... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
While several studies have proposed a connection between the gut microbiome and the pathogenesis of Graves's disease (GD), there has been a lack of reports on alteration in microbiome following using anti-thyroid drug treatment (ATD) to treat GD. Stool samples were collected from newly diagnosed GD patients provided at baseline and after 6 months of ATD treatment. The analysis focused on investigating the association between the changes in the gut microbiome and parameter including thyroid function, thyroid-related antibodies, and the symptom used to assess hyperthyroidism before and after treatment. A healthy control (HC) group consisting of data from 230 healthy subjects (110 males and 120 females) sourced from the open EMBL Nucleotide Sequence Database was included. Twenty-nine GD patients (14 males and 15 females) were enrolled. The analysis revealed a significant reduction of alpha diversity in GD patients. However, after ATD treatment, alpha diversity exhibited a significant increase, restored to levels comparable to the HC levels. Additionally, GD patients displayed lower levels of Firmicutes and higher levels of Bacteroidota. Following treatment, there was an increased in Firmicutes and a decrease in Bacteroidota, resembling levels found in the HC levels. The symptoms of hyperthyroidism were negatively associated with Firmicutes and positively associated with Bacteroidota. GD had significantly lower levels of Roseburia, Lachnospiraceaea, Sutterella, Escherichia-shigella, Parasuterella, Akkermansia, and Phascolarctobacterium compared to HC (all p < 0.05). Post-treatment, Subdoligranulum increased (p = 0.010), while Veillonella and Christensenellaceaea R-7 group decreased (p = 0.023, p = 0.029, respectively). Anaerostipes showed a significant association with both higher smoking pack years and TSHR-Ab levels, with greater abundantce observed in smokers among GD (p = 0.16). Although reduced ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes was evident in GD, this ratio recovered after treatment. This study postulates the involvement of the gut microbiome in the pathogenesis of GD, suggesting potential restoration after treatment.
Topics: Humans; Graves Disease; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Male; Female; Adult; Antithyroid Agents; Middle Aged; Feces; Case-Control Studies
PubMed: 38820506
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300678 -
BMC Oral Health May 2024Patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP) have an oronasal communication differed from the closed state in healthy individuals, leading to a unique oral microbiome. This... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
BACKGROUND
Patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP) have an oronasal communication differed from the closed state in healthy individuals, leading to a unique oral microbiome. This study aimed to determine if variances in the oral microbiota persist among CLP patients who have received treatments for the closure of these fistulas compared to the microbiota of healthy individuals.
METHODS
Saliva samples were collected from a cohort comprising 28 CLP patients (CLP group) and 30 healthy controls (HC group). Utilizing 16S rRNA sequencing on the Illumina NovaSeq platform, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the diversity and composition of the oral microbiota.
RESULTS
The analysis of the microbiota in the saliva samples revealed a total of 23 microbial phyla, 38 classes, 111 orders, 184 families, 327 genera and 612 species. The alpha diversity with microbial abundance and evenness indicated the significant difference between the CLP and HC groups. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and the ADONIS test further supported the presence of distinct microorganisms between the two groups. The CLP group displayed elevated abundances of Neisseria, Haemophilus, Porphyromonas, and Granulicatella, as indicated by LefSe analysis. Conversely, Rothia, Veillonella, and Pauljensenia exhibited significant reductions in abundance in the CLP group. The results of the PICRUSt analysis indicated significant differences in the relative abundance of 25 KEGG pathways within the CLP group. Through Spearman correlation analysis, strong associations between Rothia, Veillonella, and Pauljensenia and 25 functional pathways linked to CLP were identified.
CONCLUSION
Findings of this study offer a thorough comprehension of the microbiome profiles of CLP patients after the restoration of oronasal structure and are anticipated to present innovative concepts for the treatment of CLP.
Topics: Humans; Cleft Palate; Cleft Lip; Microbiota; Male; Female; Saliva; Case-Control Studies; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Adolescent; Adult; Mouth; Child; Young Adult
PubMed: 38807164
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04387-3 -
PLoS Pathogens May 2024The role of bacteria in the etiology of dental caries is long established, while the role of fungi has only recently gained more attention. The microbial invasion of...
The role of bacteria in the etiology of dental caries is long established, while the role of fungi has only recently gained more attention. The microbial invasion of dentin in advanced caries especially merits additional research. We evaluated the fungal and bacterial community composition and spatial distribution within carious dentin. Amplicon 16S rRNA gene sequencing together with quantitative PCR was used to profile bacterial and fungal species in caries-free children (n = 43) and 4 stages of caries progression from children with severe early childhood caries (n = 32). Additionally, healthy (n = 10) and carious (n = 10) primary teeth were decalcified, sectioned, and stained with Grocott's methenamine silver, periodic acid Schiff (PAS) and calcofluor white (CW) for fungi. Immunolocalization was also performed using antibodies against fungal β-D-glucan, gram-positive bacterial lipoteichoic acid, gram-negative endotoxin, Streptococcus mutans, and Candida albicans. We also performed field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) to visualize fungi and bacteria within carious dentinal tubules. Bacterial communities observed included a high abundance of S. mutans and the Veillonella parvula group, as expected. There was a higher ratio of fungi to bacteria in dentin-involved lesions compared to less severe lesions with frequent preponderance of C. albicans, C. dubliniensis, and in one case C. tropicalis. Grocott's silver, PAS, CW and immunohistochemistry (IHC) demonstrated the presence of fungi within carious dentinal tubules. Multiplex IHC revealed that fungi, gram-negative, and gram-positive bacteria primarily occupied separate dentinal tubules, with rare instances of colocalization. Similar findings were observed with multiplex immunofluorescence using anti-S. mutans and anti-C. albicans antibodies. Electron microscopy showed monomorphic bacterial and fungal biofilms within distinct dentin tubules. We demonstrate a previously unrecognized phenomenon in which fungi and bacteria occupy distinct spatial niches within carious dentin and seldom co-colonize. The potential significance of this phenomenon in caries progression warrants further exploration.
Topics: Humans; Dental Caries; Dentin; Male; Child; Female; Child, Preschool; Bacteria; Fungi; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 38805482
DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011865 -
Microbial Biotechnology May 2024The human gut hosts numerous ecological niches for microbe-microbe and host-microbe interactions. Gut lactate homeostasis in humans is crucial and relies on various...
Mutualistic interactions of lactate-producing lactobacilli and lactate-utilizing Veillonella dispar: Lactate and glutamate cross-feeding for the enhanced growth and short-chain fatty acid production.
The human gut hosts numerous ecological niches for microbe-microbe and host-microbe interactions. Gut lactate homeostasis in humans is crucial and relies on various bacteria. Veillonella spp., gut lactate-utilizing bacteria, and lactate-producing bacteria were frequently co-isolated. A recent clinical trial has revealed that lactate-producing bacteria in humans cross-feed lactate to Veillonella spp.; however, their interspecies interaction mechanisms remain unclear. Veillonella dispar, an obligate anaerobe commonly found in the human gut and oral cavity, ferments lactate into acetate and propionate. In our study, we investigated the interaction between V. dispar ATCC 17748 and three representative phylogenetically distant strains of lactic acid bacteria, Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei ATCC 27216, and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ATCC 10241. Bacterial growth, viability, metabolism and gene level adaptations during bacterial interaction were examined. V. dispar exhibited the highest degree of mutualism with L. acidophilus. During co-culture of V. dispar with L. acidophilus, both bacteria exhibited enhanced growth and increased viability. V. dispar demonstrated an upregulation of amino acid biosynthesis pathways and the aspartate catabolic pathway. L. acidophilus also showed a considerable number of upregulated genes related to growth and lactate fermentation. Our results support that V. dispar is able to enhance the fermentative capability of L. acidophilus by presumably consuming the produced lactate, and that L. acidophilus cross-feed not only lactate, but also glutamate, to V. dispar during co-culture. The cross-fed glutamate enters the central carbon metabolism in V. dispar. These findings highlight an intricate metabolic relationship characterized by cross-feeding of lactate and glutamate in parallel with considerable gene regulation within both L. acidophilus (lactate-producing) and V. dispar (lactate-utilizing). The mechanisms of mutualistic interactions between a traditional probiotic bacterium and a potential next-generation probiotic bacterium were elucidated in the production of short-chain fatty acids.
Topics: Lactic Acid; Fatty Acids, Volatile; Glutamic Acid; Veillonella; Symbiosis; Microbial Interactions; Humans; Lactobacillus acidophilus; Lactobacillus; Microbial Viability; Fermentation
PubMed: 38801349
DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14484