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PloS One 2023Accommodation is a phenomenon of the eyeball, which consists of adapting to view objects at different distances. The main aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of...
Accommodation is a phenomenon of the eyeball, which consists of adapting to view objects at different distances. The main aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of accommodations on the musculoskeletal system in myopic and emmetropic subjects. To date, the effect of accommodative paralysis on the musculoskeletal system has not been studied. The research hypothesis based on the current research reports is that accommodation affects the musculoskeletal system in myopic and emmetropic subjects. A smaller aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of unilateral accommodative palsy on the musculoskeletal system in myopic and emmetropic subjects. According to the authors of the previous reports, unilateral accommodative palsy will affect increased musculoskeletal asymmetry in myopic and emmetropic subjects. The surface electromyography (sEMG) of the musculoskeletal system will be performed by using the Noraxon Ultium DTS 8-K MR 3 myo Muscle Master Edition. Cycloftyal (10 mg/ml, eye drops, solution) will be used to paralyze accommodation. After the paralysis of unilateral accommodation, the test will be repeated. Both-sided accommodation will be paralyzed next, and the test will be repeated. The study may provide insight into the effects of accommodation on the musculoskeletal system, and it may also help in understanding the connections between these systems.
Topics: Humans; Accommodation, Ocular; Eye; Myopia; Musculoskeletal System; Paralysis
PubMed: 37506164
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289347 -
Biomedical Optics Express Jul 2023Tunable lenses make it possible to measure visual sensitivity to rapid changes in optical power, surpassing the limits imposed by mechanical elements. Using a tunable...
Tunable lenses make it possible to measure visual sensitivity to rapid changes in optical power, surpassing the limits imposed by mechanical elements. Using a tunable lens system, we measured, for the first time, the spatiotemporal defocus sensitivity function (STDSF), and the limits of human defocus perception. Specifically, we measured defocus sensitivity using a QUEST adaptive psychophysical procedure for different stimuli (Gabor patches of different spatial frequencies, natural images, and edges) and we developed descriptive models of defocus perception. For Gabor patches, we found on average (across seven subjects) that the maximum sensitivity to defocus is 0.22 D at 14 cpd and 10 Hz, and that the upper limits of sensitivity are 40 cpd and 40 Hz. Our results suggest that accommodation remains fixed while performing the defocus flicker-detection task. These results have implications for new technologies whose working principles make use of fast changes to defocus.
PubMed: 37497500
DOI: 10.1364/BOE.486242 -
Biomedical Optics Express Jul 2023Tunable lenses, optical elements able to change their optical power within milliseconds, constitute an emerging technology increasingly used in ophthalmic applications....
Tunable lenses, optical elements able to change their optical power within milliseconds, constitute an emerging technology increasingly used in ophthalmic applications. In this study, 25 subjects looked through tunable lenses at a chromatic stimulus to evaluate the perceptual response of the human visual system to periodic changes in defocus of 0.25D of amplitude and 15 Hz of temporal frequency. These defocus changes produce flicker and chromatic distortions that change with the overall level of defocus. The task in this study was to minimize the flicker by varying the average optical power, and it was performed for different myopic and hyperopic starting points. Subjects also performed a blur-minimization task in a black-and-white stimulus of the same geometry. The flicker-minimization task is more repeatable than the blur-minimization task (standard deviations ±0.17D and ±0.49D). The time per repetition of the flicker-minimization task is only 38s. Cycloplegia severely affects the blur-minimization, but not the flicker-minimization task, confirming that defocus flicker deactivates the accommodative system. This discovery can be used to develop new methods for measuring the refractive error of the eye that does not require supervision and can potentially improve existing subjective methods in terms of accuracy, precision, and measurement time.
PubMed: 37497489
DOI: 10.1364/BOE.486466 -
PloS One 2023To evaluate the efficacy and safety of 0.01% atropine alone and in combination with orthokeratology for myopia control using a meta-analysis. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of 0.01% atropine alone and in combination with orthokeratology for myopia control using a meta-analysis.
METHODS
PubMed, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE were searched. We included eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs), non-RCTs, and retrospective cohort studies, published up to August 1, 2022. We calculated the weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for all outcomes and plotted them in forest plots.
RESULTS
Fourteen studies were included; 4 and 11 in the 0.01% atropine monotherapy and atropine-orthokeratology (AOK) groups, respectively. Compared with orthokeratology (OK) alone, 0.01% atropine alone had similar effects on slowing the axial elongation (WMD: -0.00 mm; 95% CI: -0.05-0.04, p<0.31), while AOK significantly lowered axial growth. Moreover, the baseline myopic degree and duration of treatment were influential for the change in axial elongation (WMD: -0.12 mm; 95% CI: -0.17--0.07, p = 0.00001 and WMD: -0.11 mm; 95% CI: -0.15--0.108, p<0.00001, respectively). Additionally, the AOK may reduce the change rate of the spherical equivalent refraction and the accommodation amplitude (WMD: -0.13 D; 95% CI: 0.07-0.19, p<0.001 and WMD: -1.08 mm; 95% CI: -1.73--0.43, p<0.0001, respectively), and cause a slight increase in the diameter of the pupil (WMD: 0.56 mm; 95% CI: 0.43-0.70, p = 0.007). No significant differences in the uncorrected distant visual acuity, best corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure, tear film break-up time, lipid layer thickness, and corneal endothelial cell density were found between the OK and AOK groups.
CONCLUSION
In slowing the axial elongation, 0.01% atropine alone and OK alone have similar effects, while AOK is more effective than OK alone in slowing down the axial elongation. Furthermore, the baseline degree of myopia and treatment duration may affect changes in axial elongation.
Topics: Humans; Child; Atropine; Orthokeratologic Procedures; Myopia; Refraction, Ocular; Visual Acuity; Axial Length, Eye
PubMed: 37494360
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282286 -
Neurological Sciences : Official... Jan 2024Fabry disease (FD) can be undiagnosed in the context of multiple sclerosis (MS) due to similar clinical and paraclinical features. Our study aimed to determine the... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
INTRODUCTION
Fabry disease (FD) can be undiagnosed in the context of multiple sclerosis (MS) due to similar clinical and paraclinical features. Our study aimed to determine the prevalence (and the necessity of screening) of FD among patients with possible or definite MS.
METHODS
In this prospective monocentric observational study, we included consecutive patients enrolled between May 2017 and May 2019 after the first clinical event suggestive of MS. All patients underwent FD screening using dried blood spots in a stepwise manner combining genetic and enzyme testing. Patients were followed until May 2022.
RESULTS
We included 160 patients (73.1% female, mean age 33.9 years). The 2017 revised McDonald's criteria for definite MS were fulfilled by 74 (46.3%) patients at the time of study recruitment and 89 (55.6%) patients after 3-5 years of follow-up. None of the patients had a pathogenic GLA variant, and four (2.5%) had a variant of unknown significance (p.A143T, p.S126G, 2 × p.D313Y). In two of these patients, the intrathecal synthesis of oligoclonal bands was absent, and none had hyperproteinorachia or pleocytosis in cerebrospinal fluid. Detailed examination of FD organ manifestations revealed only discrete ocular and kidney involvement in two patients.
CONCLUSION
The prevalence of FD in the population of suspected or definite MS patients does not appear to be high. Our results do not support routine FD screening in all patients with a possible diagnosis of MS, but there is an urgent need to search for red flags and include FD in the differential diagnosis of MS.
Topics: Humans; Female; Adult; Male; Missed Diagnosis; Fabry Disease; Multiple Sclerosis; Prospective Studies; Diagnosis, Differential
PubMed: 37480392
DOI: 10.1007/s10072-023-06962-y -
Frontiers in Psychology 2023Despite the low utilization rates of substance use and related disorders services, and the ability of internet-based interventions for substance use and related... (Review)
Review
Cultural accommodation of internet-based interventions for substance use and related disorders: a proposed comprehensive framework based on a pilot study and a literature review.
Despite the low utilization rates of substance use and related disorders services, and the ability of internet-based interventions for substance use and related disorders (IBIS) to address challenges related to service engagement, limited attention has been placed on the processes for the accommodation of these interventions to diverse cultural settings. This study aimed to develop a framework for the cultural accommodation of IBIS across populations based on a pilot study and a literature review. A pilot study of cultural accommodation of an existing internet intervention for alcohol use was carried out in Israel, which involved focus groups and daily online surveys of prospective consumers ( = 24) as well as interviews with experts ( = 7) in the substance abuse treatment field. Thematic analysis revealed a range of themes that relate to the general Israeli culture and the specific Israeli drinking subculture, identified as needing to be addressed in the process of intervention accommodation. A comprehensive framework for cultural accommodation of IBIS is suggested, consisting of five stages: Technical and cultural feasibility; Engagement of target group; Identification of accommodation variables, Accommodation, and evaluation of the accommodated intervention. In addition, the framework consists of four dimensions of accommodation: Barriers and facilitators; Audio-visual materials and language; Mechanisms of change; Intersectional factors. We suggest that the proposed framework may serve as a guide for the cultural accommodation of existing internet-based interventions for substance use and related disorders across a range of cultural and geographical settings, thus augmenting the ecological validity of internet-based interventions for substance use and related disorders, expanding cross-cultural intervention research, and reducing health disparities worldwide.
PubMed: 37416542
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1063200 -
Heliyon Jun 2023Learning style is the way in which learners characteristically prefer to learn. In spite of teachers' less accommodation of different learning styles, mismatches often...
Learning style is the way in which learners characteristically prefer to learn. In spite of teachers' less accommodation of different learning styles, mismatches often occur between the students learning style differences and instructional methods employed by teachers. This results less learning and misbehaving. This paper defined several dimensions of learning thought to particularly relevant to foreign language classes. The research examined the teachers' classroom practice of accommodating learning style differences and suggests the important steps and modalities to address the educational needs of all students in English language classes. Questionnaire was used to obtain adequate information about teachers' classroom practice of learning style differences. The data assembled and organized was analyzed and explained in detail. The result was interpreted in line with the objectives of the research questions. Findings of the study indicate that more than averages of EFL teachers of Chamo secondary school in Arba Minch, Ethiopia were not accommodating learning style differences in the classroom. Besides, the instructional aids and classroom exercises were mismatching with learning style differences. EFL teachers also were not accommodating and addressing the learning style differences.
PubMed: 37408877
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17497