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Gynecologic Oncology Jul 2014HPV is a common sexually transmitted infection and is considered to be a necessary cause of cervical cancer. The anatomical proximity to the cervix has led researchers... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
HPV is a common sexually transmitted infection and is considered to be a necessary cause of cervical cancer. The anatomical proximity to the cervix has led researchers to investigate whether Human Papillomavirus (HPV) has a role in the etiology of endometrial cancer.
METHODS
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the pooled prevalence of HPV DNA in endometrial cancer. Using meta-regression, we further analyzed whether factors such as geographical region, HPV DNA detection method, publication year and tissue type were associated with HPV prevalence. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for studies providing data on HPV prevalence in cases with endometrial cancer and in controls with normal or hyperplastic endometrial tissue.
RESULTS
We identified 28 papers (29 studies) examining the prevalence of HPV DNA in tumor tissue from endometrial cancer comprising altogether 1026 cases of endometrial cancer. The HPV prevalence varied considerably from 0% to 61.1%. From the random effects meta-analysis, the pooled prevalence of HPV DNA in endometrial cancer was 10.0% (95% CI: 5.2-16.2) with large between-study heterogeneity (I(2)=88.2%, p<0.0001). The meta-regression showed that HPV DNA detection method was statistically significantly associated with HPV prevalence (p=0.0016): the pooled HPV prevalence was 6.0% (95% CI: 1.5-13.0) using general primers, 18.9% (95% CI: 8.6-32.1) using type-specific primers and 1.0% (95% CI: 0.0-3.6) using non-PCR based methods. None of the other a priori defined variables were statistically significantly associated with HPV prevalence. The pooled OR was 1.43 (95% CI: 0.68-3.00) indicating that the odds of HPV was not increased in cases versus controls.
CONCLUSIONS
HPV appears to have a limited or no role in the etiology of endometrial cancer.
Topics: DNA, Viral; Endometrial Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Papillomaviridae; Papillomavirus Infections
PubMed: 24607284
DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2014.02.040 -
Molecular Genetics and Genomics : MGG Oct 2011This study describes a new method for identifying microsatellite loci that will reliably amplify and show high degree of polymorphism in a given species. Microsatellites... (Review)
Review
This study describes a new method for identifying microsatellite loci that will reliably amplify and show high degree of polymorphism in a given species. Microsatellites are the most powerful codominant markers available today, but the development of novel loci remains a labour-intensive and expensive process. In de novo isolation, approaches using next generation sequencing (NGS) are gradually replacing ones using Escherichia coli libraries, resulting in unparalleled numbers of candidate loci available. We present a systematic review of published microsatellite primer notes and show that, on average, about half of all candidate loci are lost due to insufficient PCR amplification, monomorphism or multicopy status in the genome, no matter what isolation strategy is used. Thus, the screening of candidate loci remains a major step in marker development. Re-assessing capillary-electrophoresis genotyped loci via high-resolution melting analysis (HRM), we evaluate the usefulness of HRM for this step. We demonstrate its applicability in a genotyping case study and introduce a fast, HRM-based workflow for the screening of microsatellite loci. This workflow may readily be applied to NGS-based marker development and has the potential to cut the costs of traditional testing by half to three quarters.
Topics: Animals; Ants; Cost-Benefit Analysis; DNA Primers; Electrophoresis, Capillary; Escherichia coli; Gene Library; Genetic Techniques; Genotype; Microsatellite Repeats; Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques; Nucleic Acid Denaturation; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 21847526
DOI: 10.1007/s00438-011-0641-0 -
Cancer Causes & Control : CCC May 2009Type-specific prevalence data of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in penile carcinoma are needed to determine the potential impact of HPV prophylactic vaccines, assuming... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Type-specific prevalence data of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in penile carcinoma are needed to determine the potential impact of HPV prophylactic vaccines, assuming demonstrated efficacy in men.
METHODS
A review was conducted using search terms including HPV and penile cancer. Studies using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays for HPV DNA detection in invasive penile carcinoma were included.
RESULTS
A total of 1,266 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cases contributed data from 30 studies. The number of SCC was similar in Europe (28.2%), North America (27.6%), South America (23.9%) and Asia (20.4%). All SCC were histologically confirmed with biopsies for DNA detection. Most commonly used PCR primers were type-specific (35.2%), and combination PCR (18.2%). HPV prevalence was 47.9%, ranging from 22.4% in verrucous SCC to 66.3% for the basaloid/warty subtypes. HPV16 (30.8%), HPV6 (6.7%) and HPV18 (6.6%) were the most prevalent types. HPV16 and/or HPV 18 prevalence was 36.7%.
CONCLUSIONS
HPV DNA was detected in half of SCC, with HPV16 being the most common type. If proven efficacious in men, prophylactic vaccines targeting carcinogenic types HPV16 and 18 could potentially reduce approximately one-third of incident SCC.
Topics: Asia; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; DNA, Viral; Europe; Human papillomavirus 16; Human papillomavirus 18; Human papillomavirus 6; Humans; Male; North America; Papillomaviridae; Papillomavirus Infections; Penile Neoplasms; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Prevalence; South America
PubMed: 19082746
DOI: 10.1007/s10552-008-9276-9 -
Revista Iberoamericana de Micologia Jun 2007Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from bronchoalveolar lavage clinical samples (BAL) has been used to assist in the diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis. Several studies... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from bronchoalveolar lavage clinical samples (BAL) has been used to assist in the diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis. Several studies have been published regarding the utility of this test, although no systematic review of the literature has been performed to date. The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the efficacy of PCR from BAL for the diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis in high risk patients. MEDLINE and LILACS databases (1980-2006) searches to identify articles related to PCR in diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis. For inclusion, the study had to report sufficient data to calculate sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic odds ratio of the PCR-based technique. Patients with proven and probably invasive aspergillosis were considered. Forty-five articles met our initial inclusion criteria of which 15 articles were selected. Combining the results from the different reports, the overall sensitivity and specificity values of PCR-based techniques were 79% and 94%, respectively. Contamination, specific primers and method of PCR were important variables that could complicate interpretation of these tests. The present study showed support for the clinical value of PCR from BAL for the diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis in patients with risk factors for this disease.
Topics: Aspergillosis; Aspergillus; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; DNA, Fungal; Humans; Lung Diseases, Fungal; Observer Variation; Odds Ratio; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Predictive Value of Tests; ROC Curve; Risk Factors; Sensitivity and Specificity
PubMed: 17604424
DOI: No ID Found