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ArXiv Apr 2024Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has revolutionized medical imaging, providing a non-invasive and highly detailed look into the human body. However, the long acquisition...
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has revolutionized medical imaging, providing a non-invasive and highly detailed look into the human body. However, the long acquisition times of MRI present challenges, causing patient discomfort, motion artifacts, and limiting real-time applications. To address these challenges, researchers are exploring various techniques to reduce acquisition time and improve the overall efficiency of MRI. One such technique is compressed sensing (CS), which reduces data acquisition by leveraging image sparsity in transformed spaces. In recent years, deep learning (DL) has been integrated with CS-MRI, leading to a new framework that has seen remarkable growth. DL-based CS-MRI approaches are proving to be highly effective in accelerating MR imaging without compromising image quality. This review comprehensively examines DL-based CS-MRI techniques, focusing on their role in increasing MR imaging speed. We provide a detailed analysis of each category of DL-based CS-MRI including end-to-end, unroll optimization, self-supervised, and federated learning. Our systematic review highlights significant contributions and underscores the exciting potential of DL in CS-MRI. Additionally, our systematic review efficiently summarizes key results and trends in DL-based CS-MRI including quantitative metrics, the dataset used, acceleration factors, and the progress of and research interest in DL techniques over time. Finally, we discuss potential future directions and the importance of DL-based CS-MRI in the advancement of medical imaging. To facilitate further research in this area, we provide a GitHub repository that includes up-to-date DL-based CS-MRI publications and publicly available datasets - https://github.com/mosaf/Awesome-DL-based-CS-MRI.
PubMed: 38745700
DOI: No ID Found -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... May 2024Preterm infants (born before 37 weeks' gestation) are often unable to co-ordinate sucking, swallowing, and breathing for oral feeding because of their immaturity. In... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Preterm infants (born before 37 weeks' gestation) are often unable to co-ordinate sucking, swallowing, and breathing for oral feeding because of their immaturity. In such cases, initial nutrition is provided by orogastric or nasogastric tube feeding. Feeding intolerance is common and can delay attainment of full enteral and sucking feeds, prolonging the need for nutritional support and the hospital stay. Smell and taste play an important role in the activation of physiological pre-absorptive processes that contribute to food digestion and absorption. However, during tube feeding, milk bypasses the nasal and oral cavities, limiting exposure to the smell and taste of milk. Provision of the smell and taste of milk with tube feeds offers a non-invasive and low-cost intervention that, if effective in accelerating the transition to enteral feeds and subsequently to sucking feeds, would bring considerable advantages to infants, their families, and healthcare systems.
OBJECTIVES
To assess whether exposure to the smell or taste (or both) of breastmilk or formula administered with tube feeds can accelerate the transition to full sucking feeds without adverse effects in preterm infants.
SEARCH METHODS
We conducted searches in CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and Epistemonikos to 26 April 2023. We also searched clinical trial databases and conference proceedings.
SELECTION CRITERIA
We included randomised and quasi-randomised studies that evaluated exposure versus no exposure to the smell or taste of milk (or both) immediately before or at the time of tube feeds.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Two review authors independently selected studies, assessed risk of bias, and extracted data according to Cochrane Neonatal methodology. We performed meta-analyses using risk ratios (RRs) for dichotomous data and mean differences (MDs) for continuous data, with their respective 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We used GRADE to assess the certainty of evidence.
MAIN RESULTS
We included eight studies (1277 preterm infants). Seven studies (1244 infants) contributed data for meta-analysis. The evidence suggests that exposure to the smell and taste of milk with tube feeds has little to no effect on time taken to reach full sucking feeds (MD -1.07 days, 95% CI -2.63 to 0.50; 3 studies, 662 infants; very low-certainty evidence). Two studies reported no adverse effects related to the intervention. The intervention may have little to no effect on duration of parenteral nutrition (MD 0.23 days, 95% CI -0.24 to 0.71; 3 studies, 977 infants; low-certainty evidence), time to reach full enteral feeds (MD -0.16 days, 95% CI -0.45 to 0.12; 1 study, 736 infants; very low-certainty evidence) or risk of necrotising enterocolitis (RR 0.93, 95% CI 0.47 to 1.84; 2 studies, 435 infants; low-certainty evidence), although the evidence for time to reach full enteral feeds is very uncertain. Exposure to the smell and taste of milk with tube feeds probably has little to no effect on risk of late infection (RR 1.14, 95% CI 0.74 to 1.75; 2 studies, 436 infants; moderate-certainty evidence). There were no data available to assess feeding intolerance. The included studies had small sample sizes and methodological limitations, including unclear or lack of randomisation (four studies), lack of blinding of participants and personnel (five studies), unclear or lack of blinding of the outcome assessor (all eight studies), and different inclusion criteria and methods of administering the interventions.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
The results of our meta-analyses suggest that exposure to the smell and taste of milk with tube feeds may have little to no effect on time to reach full sucking feeds and time to reach full enteral feeds. We found no clear difference between exposure and no exposure to the smell or taste of milk on safety outcomes (adverse effects, necrotising enterocolitis, and late infection). Results from one ongoing study and two studies awaiting classification may alter the conclusions of this review. Future research should examine the effect of exposing preterm infants to the smell and taste of milk with tube feeds on health outcomes during hospitalisation, such as attainment of feeding skills, safety, feed tolerance, infection, and growth. Future studies should be powered to detect the effect of the intervention in infants of different gestational ages and on each sex separately. It is also important to determine the optimal method, frequency, and duration of exposure.
Topics: Humans; Infant, Premature; Infant, Newborn; Taste; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Smell; Enteral Nutrition; Milk, Human; Infant Formula; Time Factors
PubMed: 38721883
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD013038.pub3 -
The Science of the Total Environment Jun 2024Water is a defining element for cities and their inhabitants. Throughout urban systems, water is either produced or received, used, and finally disposed of as... (Review)
Review
Water is a defining element for cities and their inhabitants. Throughout urban systems, water is either produced or received, used, and finally disposed of as wastewater. As Latin American urbanization accelerates, problems related to wastewater are increasing due to its inclusion as the main source of river pollution, as well as the high cost of infrastructure development and maintenance. The consequences of wastewater disposal are particularly relevant in areas frequently associated with urban expansion, like peripheries whose growth follows constant transitions between rural, peri-urban, and urban areas. Such consequences are often related to heterogeneity, lack of urban services and sanitation infrastructure, water pollution and health risks, as well as the development of informal compensatory systems. A systematic literature review was conducted to broaden research panorama and identify spatial, temporal, and thematic trends and challenges present in wastewater assessments of Latin American urban peripheries, this using the SALSA (search, appraisal, synthesis, and analysis) protocol in a search through international databases Scopus and Web of Science Scielo, in English, Spanish, French, and Portuguese. In these databases, 228 papers satisfied selection criteria and show a growing trend of publications about urban wastewater since 1988. Most case studies are from Brazil (58 %), Mexico (14 %), and Argentina (9 %). Their main approaches are quantitative research (82 %) in urban contexts (57 %). Most studies were found to be operationalized using environmental geochemistry methodologies, suggesting a dominance of technical, reductionist approaches. Integrated and mixed perspectives including actors and other societal elements are suggested as a central research challenge. Without an integrated view, it will be unfeasible to enhance decision-making processes and governance in the pursuit of sustainable water management.
PubMed: 38719034
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173019 -
Heliyon May 2024Leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) is a severe complication of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In patients with NSCLC LM harboring epidermal growth factor receptor ()...
PURPOSE
Leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) is a severe complication of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In patients with NSCLC LM harboring epidermal growth factor receptor () mutations, osimertinib is favored over alternative EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). However, the efficacy of osimertinib relative to other EGFR-TKIs is not well established for patients with LM. We aimed to compare the efficacy of EGFR-TKIs in mutated NSCLC LM.
METHODS
This systematic review and meta-analysis performed according to PRISMA guidelines included studies of adult patients with -mutated NSCLC and a diagnosis of LM who received an EGFR-TKI for the treatment of LM. We searched Medline ALL, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Scopus, and Web of Science Core Collection. The evaluation of biases was done by using the Ottawa-Newscastle scale. The hazard ratio was used as the parameter of interest for overall survival (OS) and central nervous system-specific progression-free survival (PFS).
RESULTS
128 publications were included with 243 patients and 282 lines of EGFR-TKI for NSCLC LM that met inclusion criteria. The median PFS in patients receiving any EGFR-TKI was 9.1 months, and the median OS was 14.5 months. In univariate analyses of the entire cohort, osimertinib treatment demonstrated significantly prolonged PFS, but not OS, compared to other EGFR-TKIs. Osimertinib demonstrated significantly prolonged PFS and OS in the subset of patients who were previously treated with EGFR-TKIs, but not in EGFR-TKI naïve patients.
CONCLUSION
Osimertinib is associated with improved outcomes compared to other EGFR-TKIs, particularly in patients previously treated with EGFR-TKIs. An important limitation is that most patients were derived from retrospective reports. These results highlight the need for prospective studies for this difficult-to-treat patient population.
PubMed: 38698967
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29668 -
The International Journal of Lower... Mar 2024The skin, as the body's largest organ, plays vital roles in sensory functions, temperature regulation, and protection against pathogens and injuries. Skin wounds, which... (Review)
Review
AIMS
The skin, as the body's largest organ, plays vital roles in sensory functions, temperature regulation, and protection against pathogens and injuries. Skin wounds, which disrupt its integrity, can result from various factors, including diseases such as diabetes. Diabetic foot ulcers are a severe complication of diabetes, often leading to amputations. This systematic review explores the therapeutic potential of silver nanoparticles in the management of diabetic ulcers.
METHODS
Seven studies published between 2016 and 2023 were included in this review. Also, 4 studies were included in the meta-analysis. These studies investigated the application of silver nanoparticles, primarily in dressing forms, for diabetic ulcer treatment. A systematic search strategy was employed, and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed.
RESULTS
The results show that silver nanoparticles do not have a significant difference in improving DFU healing rates. SilvrSTAT Gel, a dressing containing silver nanoparticles, outperformed traditional dressings, leading to a substantial percentage of ulcers healing within weeks. Comparative studies also indicated that silver nanoparticles were at least as effective as alternative treatments, such as nano-chitosan dressings, and showed potential for combination therapy with growth factors.
DISCUSSION
This review underscores the promise of silver nanoparticles, a nanotechnology-based approach, in accelerating the healing of diabetic ulcers while providing antimicrobial benefits. Despite some limitations, including variations in treatment regimens and a lack of long-term outcome data, these findings show there is no clinical evidence for using Nanosilver for the healing process of DFU.
CONCLUSION
Silver nanoparticles currently do not have sufficient clinical evidence for healing the DFU; however, in some studies, they had noticeable effects on the rate of wound healing.
PubMed: 38544426
DOI: 10.1177/15347346241241836 -
Cell Biochemistry and Function Mar 2024The demand for efficient and accelerated osseointegration in dental implantology has led to the exploration of innovative tissue engineering strategies. Immediate... (Review)
Review
The demand for efficient and accelerated osseointegration in dental implantology has led to the exploration of innovative tissue engineering strategies. Immediate implant loading reduces treatment duration and necessitates robust osseointegration to ensure long-term implant success. This review article discusses the current studies of tissue engineering innovations for enhancing osseointegration in immediate dental implant loading in the recent decade. Keywords "tissue engineering," "osseointegration," "immediate implant loading," and related terms were systematically searched. The review highlights the potential of bioactive materials and growth factor delivery systems in promoting osteogenic activity and accelerating bone regeneration. The in vivo experiment demonstrates significantly improved osseointegration in the experimental group compared to traditional immediate loading techniques, as evidenced by histological analyses and biomechanical assessments. It is possible to revolutionize the treatment outcomes and patient satisfaction in dental implants by integrating bioactive materials and growth factors.
Topics: Humans; Osseointegration; Immediate Dental Implant Loading; Tissue Engineering; Treatment Outcome; Osteogenesis
PubMed: 38491807
DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3974 -
Phytomedicine : International Journal... Apr 2024Stomach diseases have become global health concerns. Protoberberine alkaloids (PBAs) are a group of quaternary isoquinoline alkaloids from abundant natural sources and... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Stomach diseases have become global health concerns. Protoberberine alkaloids (PBAs) are a group of quaternary isoquinoline alkaloids from abundant natural sources and have been shown to improve gastric disorders in preclinical and clinical studies. The finding that PBAs exhibit low oral bioavailability but potent pharmacological activity has attracted great interest.
PURPOSE
This review aims to provide a systematic review of the molecular mechanisms of PBAs in the treatment of gastric disorders and to discuss the current understanding of the pharmacokinetics and toxicity of PBAs.
METHODS
The articles related to PBAs were collected from the Web of Science, Pubmed, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases using relevant keywords. The collected articles were screened and categorized according to their research content to focus on the gastroprotective effects, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity of PBAs.
RESULTS
Based on the results of preclinical studies, PBAs have demonstrated therapeutic effects on chronic atrophic gastritis and gastric cancer by activating interleukin-4 (IL-4)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) pathway and suppressing transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1)/phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), Janus kinase-2 (JAK2)/signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. The major PBAs exhibit similar pharmacokinetic properties, including rapid absorption, slow elimination, and low bioavailability. Notably, the natural organ-targeting property of PBAs may account for the finding of their low blood levels and high pharmacological activity. PBAs interact with other compounds, including conventional drugs and natural products, by modulation of metabolic enzymes and transporters. The potential tissue toxicity of PBAs should be emphasized due to their high tissue accumulation.
CONCLUSION
This review highlights the gastroprotective effects, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity of PBAs and will contribute to the evaluation of drug properties and clinical translational studies of PBAs, accelerating their transfer from the laboratory to the bedside.
Topics: Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Alkaloids; Berberine Alkaloids; Drugs, Chinese Herbal
PubMed: 38367423
DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155444 -
EFORT Open Reviews Feb 2024The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic literature review analyzing the results of in vivo rat femoral defect models using biomaterials for improving the...
PURPOSE
The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic literature review analyzing the results of in vivo rat femoral defect models using biomaterials for improving the induced membrane technique (IMT).
METHODS
Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched. Inclusion criteria were studies reporting results of the IMT in in vivo rat femoral critical-sized defect models using a biomaterial possibly combined with molecules. Methodologic quality was assessed with the Animal Research: Reporting In Vivo Experiments guidelines.
RESULTS
Twenty studies met the inclusion criteria. Femoral stabilization with plate and screws was the most frequent. Histologic, biomechanical, and/or radiologic analyses were performed. In two-stage strategies, the PMMA spacer could be associated with bioactive molecules to enhance IM growth factor expression and improve bone formation. Modulating the roughness of spacers could increase IM thickness and accelerate its formation. In one-stage strategies, human tissue-derived membranes combined with bone grafting achieved bone formation comparable to a standard IMT. All calcium phosphate grafts seemed to require a functionalization with growth factors or bone marrow mononuclear cells to improve outcomes compared with non-functionalized grafts.
CONCLUSION
This systematic review described the main parameters of the in vivo rat femoral defect models using biomaterials to improve the induced membrane technique. Although the studies included had several methodological limitations that may limit the scope of these conclusions, one- and two-stage strategies reported promising results with biomaterials to improve the IMT.
PubMed: 38320402
DOI: 10.1530/EOR-23-0055 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Dec 2023: Korean and traditional Chinese medicine state that pyrite is effective for fracture treatment, but supporting clinical data are limited. This systematic review aimed... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
: Korean and traditional Chinese medicine state that pyrite is effective for fracture treatment, but supporting clinical data are limited. This systematic review aimed to investigate the therapeutic role of Chinese patent medicine containing pyrite (CPMP) in clinical treatment for fractures. : Seven electronic databases were searched using the keywords "pyrite", "pyritum", and "zirantong" between inception and December 2022, yielding 29 published clinical studies. Randomized controlled trials that included CPMP were considered eligible regardless of the fracture type. Quality assessment and meta-analysis of the included RCTs were also performed. : Most studies showed high heterogeneity (I > 50%) and significant results ( < 0.05). Compared to the results of the control group, CPMP was more effective in terms of the primary outcome related to the efficacy rate, including the total effective rate, callus growth rate, bone union, and edema disappearance time (all < 0.00001) and in terms of secondary outcomes related to pain reduction, namely pain intensity and pain disappearance time, than the control group (both < 0.01). CPMP was more effective than the control group in terms of erythrocyte sedimentation rate ( < 0.01), hematocrit ( < 0.01), erythrocyte aggregation ( < 0.05), and plasma viscosity ( < 0.05). CPMP did not cause serious side effects, and the incidence of complications was significantly less than that in the control group. : CPMP may be a safe and effective alternative treatment for fractures and may be beneficial in preventing postoperative complications, reducing pain, relieving symptoms, and accelerating healing.
Topics: Humans; Fractures, Bone; Medicine, East Asian Traditional; Asian People; Pain; Iron; Sulfides
PubMed: 38256337
DOI: 10.3390/medicina60010076 -
PLOS Global Public Health 2024In 2020, 149.2 million children worldwide under 5 years suffered from stunting, and 45.4 million experienced wasting. Many infants are born already stunted, while others...
In 2020, 149.2 million children worldwide under 5 years suffered from stunting, and 45.4 million experienced wasting. Many infants are born already stunted, while others are at high risk for growth faltering early after birth. Growth faltering is linked to transgenerational impacts of poverty and marginalization. Few interventions address growth faltering in infants under 6 months, despite a likely increasing prevalence due to the negative global economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. Breastfeeding is a critical intervention to alleviate malnutrition and improve child health outcomes, but rarely receives adequate attention in growth faltering interventions. A systematic review and meta-analysis were undertaken to identify and evaluate interventions addressing growth faltering among infants under 6 months that employed supplemental milks. The review was carried out following guidelines from the USA National Academy of Medicine. A total of 10,405 references were identified, and after deduplication 7390 studies were screened for eligibility. Of these, 227 were assessed for full text eligibility and relevance. Two randomized controlled trials were ultimately included, which differed in inclusion criteria and methodology and had few shared outcomes. Both studies had small sample sizes, high attrition and high risk of bias. A Bangladeshi study (n = 153) found significantly higher rates of weight gain for F-100 and diluted F-100 (DF-100) compared with infant formula (IF), while a DRC trial (n = 146) did not find statistically significant differences in rate of weight gain for DF-100 compared with IF offered in the context of broader lactation and relactation support. The meta-analysis of rate of weight gain showed no statistical difference and some evidence of moderate heterogeneity. Few interventions address growth faltering among infants under 6 months. These studies have limited generalizability and have not comprehensively supported lactation. Greater investment is necessary to accelerate research that addresses growth faltering following a new research framework that calls for comprehensive lactation support.
PubMed: 38190356
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0001860