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International Journal of Molecular... Mar 2024Wound healing is an intricate process involving coordinated interactions among inflammatory cells, skin fibroblasts, keratinocytes, and endothelial cells. Successful... (Review)
Review
Wound healing is an intricate process involving coordinated interactions among inflammatory cells, skin fibroblasts, keratinocytes, and endothelial cells. Successful tissue repair hinges on controlled inflammation, angiogenesis, and remodeling facilitated by the exchange of cytokines and growth factors. Comorbid conditions can disrupt this process, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. Stem cell therapy has emerged as a promising strategy for enhancing wound healing, utilizing cells from diverse sources such as endothelial progenitor cells, bone marrow, adipose tissue, dermal, and inducible pluripotent stem cells. In this systematic review, we comprehensively investigated stem cell therapies in chronic wounds, summarizing the clinical, translational, and primary literature. A systematic search across PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library yielded 22,454 articles, reduced to 44 studies after rigorous screening. Notably, adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) emerged as an optimal choice due to their abundant supply, easy isolation, ex vivo proliferative capacities, and pro-angiogenic factor secretion. AD-MSCs have shown efficacy in various conditions, including peripheral arterial disease, diabetic wounds, hypertensive ulcers, bullous diabeticorum, venous ulcers, and post-Mohs micrographic surgery wounds. Delivery methods varied, encompassing topical application, scaffold incorporation, combination with plasma-rich proteins, and atelocollagen administration. Integration with local wound care practices resulted in reduced pain, shorter healing times, and improved cosmesis. Stem cell transplantation represents a potential therapeutic avenue, as transplanted stem cells not only differentiate into diverse skin cell types but also release essential cytokines and growth factors, fostering increased angiogenesis. This approach holds promise for intractable wounds, particularly chronic lower-leg wounds, and as a post-Mohs micrographic surgery intervention for healing defects through secondary intention. The potential reduction in healthcare costs and enhancement of patient quality of life further underscore the attractiveness of stem cell applications in wound care. This systematic review explores the clinical utilization of stem cells and stem cell products, providing valuable insights into their role as ancillary methods in treating chronic wounds.
Topics: Humans; Endothelial Cells; Quality of Life; Wound Healing; Pluripotent Stem Cells; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Cytokines; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation
PubMed: 38474251
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25053006 -
Arthroscopy : the Journal of... Mar 2024To perform a systematic review of clinical outcomes in patients who underwent treatment with micro-fragmented aspirated tissue for symptoms of knee osteoarthritis. (Review)
Review
Micro-Fragmented Adipose Tissue Demonstrates Comparable Clinical Efficacy to Other Orthobiologic Injections in Treating Symptomatic Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review of Level I to IV Clinical Studies.
PURPOSE
To perform a systematic review of clinical outcomes in patients who underwent treatment with micro-fragmented aspirated tissue for symptoms of knee osteoarthritis.
METHODS
Medline, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar were screened for studies from 2000 to 2023. Risk of bias (ROB) was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration's tools and the Risk Of Bias In Non-randomised Studies-of Interventions tool. Study quality was assessed with the modified Coleman Methodology Score and Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies score. Heterogeneity was assessed using χ and I statistics.
RESULTS
Twenty-one studies were included. One study had a high ROB, 1 had a critical ROB, 3 had serious ROB, and 16 had a moderate ROB. The mean Coleman score was 58, demonstrating fair study quality; the Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies score had a mean value of 13, indicating overall fair quality. Best evidence synthesis revealed moderate evidence. The visual analog scale score improved from 5.2 to 3.2 at 6 and 12 months. Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) activities of daily living subscore improved from 58.8 to 70.2 at 6 months and 67.5 at 12 months. KOOS pain subscore improved from 54.3 to 70.2 at 6 months and 72.4 at 12 months. KOOS quality of life subscore improved from 33.1 to 43.6 at 6 months and 42.9 at 12 months. KOOS sports subscore improved from 23.7 to 43.6 at 6 months and 57.4 at 12 months. KOOS symptoms subscore improved from 55.3 to 70.1 at 6 months and 67.9 at 12 months. The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index score steadily increased from 61.8 at baseline to 78.4 at 12 months.
CONCLUSIONS
micro-fragmented aspirated tissue injection therapy for the treatment of symptomatic knee osteoarthritis is effective and improves pain and functional outcomes. Moderate study quality combined with a moderate risk of bias, moderate certainty of evidence, and moderate best synthesis evidence reduces external validity. Therefore, the results should be interpreted with a degree of caution.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Level IV, systematic review of Level I-IV studies.
PubMed: 38467171
DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2024.03.002 -
Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive &... Apr 2024Subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn (SCFN) is a rare form of panniculitis manifesting as erythematous plaques or nodules at sites of brown fat in neonates. Surgical... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn (SCFN) is a rare form of panniculitis manifesting as erythematous plaques or nodules at sites of brown fat in neonates. Surgical management may be indicated in severe cases; however, there is a paucity of literature compiling presentations and outcomes of these surgical patients.
METHODS
The authors performed a systematic review, in consultation with a licensed librarian, on MEDLINE and Embase for studies including patients with SCFN who were surgically managed.
RESULTS
The search strategy generated 705 results, among which 213 (30.2%) were excluded for lack of discussion on surgical management. Twenty-two studies discussed surgical management of SCFN in 26 patients, but in 6 of these studies the patients were not surgically managed. Ultimately, 16 articles with 16 patients who were surgically managed were included in the study. Average age at diagnosis was 11.8 ± 9.8 days; average age at surgery was 39.5 ± 70.4 days. The most common etiologies were "unknown" (6, 37.5%), therapeutic hypothermia (4, 25.0%), and birth complications (4, 25.0%). Patients harbored nodules on the back (14, 87.5%), upper extremities (7, 43.8%), lower extremities (7, 43.8%), buttocks (5, 31.3%), and head or neck (3, 18.8%). Linear regression models revealed the presence of back lesions and predicted concomitant medical complications (β = 2.71, p = 0.021).
CONCLUSIONS
Patients undergoing surgical management for SCFN most commonly harbor lesions on the back and extremities that are secondary to therapeutic hypothermia or of unknown origin. Reporting of additional cases is needed to further elucidate surgical management and outcomes.
Topics: Infant, Newborn; Humans; Infant; Subcutaneous Fat; Fat Necrosis; Panniculitis; Hypothermia, Induced; Buttocks
PubMed: 38442509
DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2024.02.027 -
Stem Cell Reviews and Reports May 2024Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) have been suggested for salivary gland (SG) restoration following radio-induced salivary gland damage. This study aimed to... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cell Therapy Improves Salivary Flow Rate in Radiation-Induced Salivary Gland Hypofunction in Preclinical in vivo Models: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
BACKGROUND
Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) have been suggested for salivary gland (SG) restoration following radio-induced salivary gland damage. This study aimed to determine the safety and effectiveness of MSC therapy on radio-induced SG damage and hypofunction in preclinical in vivo studies.
METHODS
PubMed and EMBASE were systematically searched for preclinical in vivo interventional studies evaluating efficacy and safety of MSC treatment following radio-induced salivary gland damage published before 10th of January 2022. The primary endpoint was salivary flow rate (SFR) evaluated in a meta-analysis. The study protocol was published and registered on PROSPERO ( www.crd.ac.uk/prospero ), registration number CRD42021227336.
RESULTS
A total of 16 preclinical in vivo studies were included for qualitative analysis (858 experimental animals) and 13 in the meta-analysis (404 experimental animals). MSCs originated from bone marrow (four studies), adipose tissue (10 studies) and salivary gland tissue (two studies) and were administered intravenously (three studies), intra-glandularly (11 studies) or subcutaneously (one study). No serious adverse events were reported. The overall effect on SFR was significantly increased with a standardized mean difference (SMD) of 6.99 (95% CI: 2.55-11.42). Studies reported improvements in acinar tissue, vascular areas and paracrine factors.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, this systematic review and meta-analysis showed a significant effect of MSC therapy for restoring SG functioning and regenerating SG tissue following radiotherapy in preclinical in vivo studies without serious adverse events. MSC therapy holds significant therapeutic potential in the treatment of radio-induced xerostomia, but comprehensive, randomized, clinical trials in humans are required to ascertain their efficacy in a clinical setting.
Topics: Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; Salivary Glands; Animals; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Humans; Radiation Injuries; Xerostomia
PubMed: 38430363
DOI: 10.1007/s12015-024-10700-y -
Dementia & Neuropsychologia 2024The disability of cells to react to insulin, causing glucose intolerance and hyperglycemia, is referred to as insulin resistance. This clinical condition, which has been... (Review)
Review
UNLABELLED
The disability of cells to react to insulin, causing glucose intolerance and hyperglycemia, is referred to as insulin resistance. This clinical condition, which has been well-researched in organs such as adipose tissue, muscle, and liver, has been linked to neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD) when it occurs in the brain.
OBJECTIVE
The authors aimed to gather data from the current literature on brain insulin resistance (BIR) and its likely repercussions on neurodegenerative disorders, more specifically AD, through a systematic review.
METHODS
A comprehensive search was conducted in multiple medical databases, including the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Medline), and PubMed, employing the descriptors: "insulin resistance", "brain insulin resistance", "Alzheimer's disease", "neurodegeneration", and "cognition". The authors focused their search on English-language studies published between 2000 and 2023 that investigated the influence of BIR on neurodegenerative disorders or offered insights into BIR's underlying mechanisms. Seventeen studies that met the inclusion criteria were selected.
RESULTS
The results indicate that BIR is a phenomenon observed in a variety of neurodegenerative disorders, including AD. Studies suggest that impaired glucose utilization and uptake, reduced adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, and synaptic plasticity changes caused by BIR are linked to cognitive problems. However, conflicting results were observed regarding the association between AD and BIR, with some studies suggesting no association.
CONCLUSION
Based on the evaluated studies, it can be concluded that the association between AD and BIR remains inconclusive, and additional research is needed to elucidate this relationship.
PubMed: 38425702
DOI: 10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2023-0032 -
Toxicology Letters Apr 2024The incidence of endocrine-related cancer, which includes tumors in major endocrine glands such as the breast, thyroid, pituitary, and prostate, has been increasing year... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
The incidence of endocrine-related cancer, which includes tumors in major endocrine glands such as the breast, thyroid, pituitary, and prostate, has been increasing year by year. Various studies have indicated that brominated flame retardants (BFRs) are neurotoxic, endocrine-toxic, reproductive-toxic, and even carcinogenic. However, the epidemiological relationship between BFR exposure and endocrine-related cancer risk remains unclear.
METHODS
We searched the PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science databases for articles evaluating the association between BFR exposure and endocrine-related cancer risk. The odds ratio (OR) and its corresponding 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were used to assess the association. Statistical heterogeneity among studies was assessed with the Q-test and I statistics. Begg's test was performed to evaluate the publication bias.
RESULTS
We collected 15 studies, including 6 nested case-control and 9 case-control studies, with 3468 cases and 4187 controls. These studies assessed the risk of breast cancer, thyroid cancer, and endocrine-related cancers in relation to BFR levels. Our findings indicate a significant association between BFR exposure in adipose tissue and an increased risk of breast cancer. However, this association was not observed for thyroid cancer. Generally, BFR exposure appears to elevate the risk of endocrine-related cancers, with a notable increase in risk linked to higher levels of BDE-28, a specific polybrominated diphenyl ether congener.
CONCLUSIONS
In conclusion, although this meta-analysis has several limitations, our results suggest that BFR exposure is a significant risk factor for breast cancer, and low-brominated BDE-28 exposure could significantly increase the risk of endocrine-related cancers. Further research is essential to clarify the potential causal relationships between BFRs and endocrine-related cancers, and their carcinogenic mechanisms.
Topics: Male; Humans; Flame Retardants; Polybrominated Biphenyls; Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; Risk Factors; Breast Neoplasms; Hydrocarbons, Brominated
PubMed: 38387762
DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2024.02.002 -
Craniomaxillofacial Trauma &... Mar 2024Human bone marrow stem cells (hBMSCs) and human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) have demonstrated the capability to regenerate bone once they have differentiated... (Review)
Review
STUDY DESIGN
Human bone marrow stem cells (hBMSCs) and human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) have demonstrated the capability to regenerate bone once they have differentiated into osteoblasts.
OBJECTIVE
This systematic review aimed to evaluate the in vitro osteogenic differentiation potential of these cells when seeded in a poly (lactic--glycolic) acid (PLGA) scaffold.
METHODS
A literature search of 4 databases following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines was conducted in January 2021 for studies evaluating the osteogenic differentiation potential of hBMSCs and hADSCs seeded in a PLGA scaffold. Only in vitro models were included. Studies in languages other than English were excluded.
RESULTS
A total of 257 studies were identified after the removal of duplicates. Seven articles fulfilled our inclusion and exclusion criteria. Four of these reviews used hADSCs and three used hBMSCs in the scaffold. Upregulation in osteogenic gene expression was seen in all the cells seeded in a 3-dimensional scaffold compared with 2-dimensional films. High angiogenic gene expression was found in hADSCs. Addition of inorganic material to the scaffold material affected cell performance.
CONCLUSIONS
Viability, proliferation, and differentiation of cells strongly depend on the environment where they grow. There are several factors that can enhance the differentiation capacity of stem cells. A PLGA scaffold proved to be a biocompatible material capable of boosting the osteogenic differentiation potential and mineralization capacity in hBMSCs and hADSCs.
PubMed: 38371215
DOI: 10.1177/19433875231157454 -
Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive &... Mar 2024
Meta-Analysis
Topics: Humans; Female; Mammaplasty; Mastectomy; Autografts; Adipose Tissue; Breast Neoplasms; Transplantation, Autologous; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 38368759
DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2024.02.045 -
Obesity Research & Clinical Practice 2024This review sought to meta-analyze previous research observing the effects of fat mass distribution on the fall risk among people with obesity. The literature search... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
This review sought to meta-analyze previous research observing the effects of fat mass distribution on the fall risk among people with obesity. The literature search yielded five qualified studies enrolling 1218 participants (650 with android vs. 568 with gynoid). The outcome variables included the annual fall prevalence (primary outcome) and the center of pressure (COP) movement measurements during a posturography test (secondary) among people with android or gynoid obesity. Meta-analyses were conducted using the inverse variance weighted random-effects model. The odds ratio (OR) and standardized mean difference (SMD) were used as the effect size for the primary and secondary variables, respectively. The results revealed that more people with android obesity fall annually than their gynoid obesity counterparts (OR = 1.78 [1.34, 2.37], p < 0.0001). People with android obesity also exhibited significantly faster overall COP velocity (SMD = 0.49 [0.11, 0.88], p = 0.01) during standing compared to individuals with gynoid obesity. Our results indicated that people with android obesity could have a greater fall risk than those with gynoid obesity. Given the limited number of studies included, more well-designed and quality work is desired to further clarify how fat mass distribution alters the fall risk among people with obesity. A standardized approach to quantify the fat mass distribution (android vs. gynoid) is imperatively needed for people with obesity.
Topics: Humans; Adipose Tissue; Obesity; Odds Ratio; Accidental Falls; Adiposity
PubMed: 38360492
DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2024.02.003 -
Cardiology in Review Feb 2024Neurological diseases, including ischemic stroke, are considered a big challenge for public health due to their high prevalence and lack of definitive and effective...
Neurological diseases, including ischemic stroke, are considered a big challenge for public health due to their high prevalence and lack of definitive and effective treatments. Addressing these issues requires innovative therapeutic approaches and among the limited methods available, stem cells have shown promise in improving central nervous system repair by enhancing myelin regeneration and neuronal recovery. To advance this field of research, this systematic review aims to assess the safety and effectiveness of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from both bone marrow and adipose tissue for the treatment of ischemic stroke. This study conducted a systematic review in the electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar to assess the efficacy and safety of MSCs generated from bone marrow and adipose tissue for the treatment of ischemic stroke. It was extracted without a time limit until April 2023. The studies were then transferred to the information management program (EndNote) and duplicates were eliminated. The remaining studies were then examined using the entry and exit criteria and the 3 stages of primary, secondary, and qualitative evaluation, and finally, the results of the final studies were extracted. According to the initial search in the desired databases, 1028 possible related articles were identified and transferred to the information management software (EndNote). After removing 390 duplicate studies, 608 studies were excluded based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Finally, 37 final studies were included in the systematic review process. Based on the investigations, it was evident that the administration of MSCs derived from both bone marrow and adipose tissue holds significant promise as an effective and safe treatment approach for ischemic stroke. The results consistently showed acceptable outcomes in the studies and this evidence can be recommended for the clinical application of this treatment. Also, the findings of this study report that the use of adipose tissue and bone marrow MSCs in the treatment of ischemic stroke can be used as a practical method.
PubMed: 38358290
DOI: 10.1097/CRD.0000000000000671