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Current Diabetes Reviews May 2024Plants are used in medicine because they are low-cost, widely available, and have few side effects (compared to pharmacological treatment). Plants have phytocompounds...
BACKGROUND
Plants are used in medicine because they are low-cost, widely available, and have few side effects (compared to pharmacological treatment). Plants have phytocompounds with antidiabetic properties that can be delivered using nanoparticles (NPs).
OBJECTIVE
To describe the antidiabetic properties of green synthesized NPs (GSNPs) and their characterization methods.
METHODS
Three databases were searched using the terms "type 2 diabetes mellitus," "antidiabetic effects," "phytochemicals," "plants," and "nanoparticles." Studies describing the antidiabetic effects (in vitro or animal models) of NPs synthesized by plant extracts and characterizing them through UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, SEM, TEM, and DLS were included.
RESULTS
16 studies were included. In vitro studies reported enzyme inhibition values between 11% (H. polyrhizus) and 100% (A. concinna) for alfa-amylase and between 41.1% (M. zapota) and 100% (A. concinna) for alfa-glucosidase. Animal studies with Wistar Albino rats having diabetes (induced by alloxan or streptozotocin) reported improved blood glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL, and HDL after treatment with GSNPs. Regarding characterization, NP sizes were measured with DLS (25-181.5 nm), SEM (52.1-91 nm), and TEM (8.7-40.6 nm). The surface charge was analyzed with zeta potential (-30.7 to -2.9 mV). UV-Vis spectroscopy was employed to confirm the formations of AgNPs (360-460 nm), AuNPs (524-540 nm), and ZnONPs (300-400 nm), and FTIR was used to identify plant extract functional groups.
CONCLUSIONS
GSNP characterization (shape, size, zeta potential, and others) is essential to know the viability and stability, which are important to achieve health benefits for biomedical applications. Studies reported good enzyme inhibition percentages in in vitro studies, decreasing blood glucose levels and improving lipid profiles in animal models with diabetes. However, these studies had limitations in the methodology and potential risk of bias, so results need careful interpretation.
PubMed: 38778591
DOI: 10.2174/0115733998306451240425135229 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2023Male infertility is a multifaceted issue that has gained scientific interest due to its increasing rate. Studies have demonstrated that oxidative stress is involved in... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Protective effects of melatonin against oxidative stress induced by metabolic disorders in the male reproductive system: a systematic review and meta-analysis of rodent models.
BACKGROUND
Male infertility is a multifaceted issue that has gained scientific interest due to its increasing rate. Studies have demonstrated that oxidative stress is involved in male infertility development. Furthermore, metabolic disorders, including obesity, diabetes, hypo- and hyperthyroidism, are risk factors for male infertility, and oxidative stress is believed to contribute to this association. Melatonin, functioning as an oxidative scavenger, may represent a promising therapeutic approach for the prevention and treatment of metabolic disorder-associated male infertility.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
We systematically searched three online databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) for studies that evaluated the effects of melatonin therapy on metabolic disorders-induce infertility in male rodents. The favorable outcomes were histopathological parameters of testicular tissue, reproductive hormones, and markers of oxidative stress. Then, meta-analyses were done for each outcome. The results are reported as standardized mean difference (Cohen's d) and 95% confidence interval.
RESULTS
24 studies with 31 outcomes were included. Rats and mice were the subjects. Studies have employed obesity, diabetes, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, hyperlipidemia, and food deprivation as metabolic disorders. To induce these disorders, a high-fat diet, high-fructose diet, leptin, streptozotocin, alloxan, carbimazole, and levothyroxine were used. The outcomes included histopathologic characteristics (abnormal sperm morphology, apoptotic cells, apoptotic index, Johnsen's testicular biopsy score, seminiferous epithelial height, tubular basement membrane thickness, tubular diameter, sperm count, and motility), weight-related measurements (absolute epididymis, testis, and body weight, body weight gain, epididymal adipose tissue weight, and relative testis to body weight), hormonal characteristics (androgen receptor expression, serum FSH, LH, and testosterone level), markers of oxidative stress (tissue and serum GPx and MDA activity, tissue CAT, GSH, and SOD activity), and exploratory outcomes (serum HDL, LDL, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and blood glucose level). The overall pooled effect sizes were statistically significant for all histopathological characteristics and some markers of oxidative stress.
CONCLUSIONS
Melatonin can reduce damage to male rodents' gonadal tissue and improve sperm count, motility, and morphology in metabolic diseases. Future clinical studies and randomized controlled trials are needed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of melatonin for male infertility in patients with metabolic diseases.
Topics: Animals; Male; Mice; Rats; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus; Hyperthyroidism; Infertility, Male; Melatonin; Metabolic Diseases; Obesity; Oxidative Stress; Rodentia; Semen; Testis
PubMed: 37476491
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1202560 -
Journal of Ethnopharmacology Nov 2022Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) is traditionally used by different populations of Africa, América, Asia, and Europa to control diabetes. Although its action... (Review)
Review
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE
Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) is traditionally used by different populations of Africa, América, Asia, and Europa to control diabetes. Although its action has been evaluated in several preclinical rodent trials, they have not been systematically analyzed.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effectiveness of using okra in the treatment of diabetes in experimental rodent models.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Controlled and randomized rodent animal trials with induced diabetes published between January 2000 and January 2021 were searched in the PubMed, Scopus, Scielo, and Web of Science databases. The search strategy included studies comprising the descriptors: animal species, diabetes induction method, intervention time, part of okra fruit used (whole, seeds, or peels), and dose as well as observed effects on biochemical and metabolic parameters. The systematic review was carried out according to the PRISMA statement, Cochrane bias risk tool (SYRCLE's RoB tool), and registered for systematic review protocols (PROSPERO).
RESULTS
A total of 326 articles were identified and after the exclusion of studies with gestational animal models, non-rodent animals, and non-diabetic animals, 11 studies involving 388 rodents were selected for the synthesis of results. The diabetes induction methods included streptozotocin, streptozotocin-nicotinamide, alloxan monohydrate, insulin resistance by high-fat diets or formulation described in AIN - 76, and feeding with high-fat food. Both Wistar albino rats, Sprague-Dawley males, and rats of both sexes of the Long-Evans lineage as well as male albino mice and C57BL females were included in the experiments. Studies showed that extracts of the fruit, the fresh fruit, or its various fractions had positive effects on the following markers: glycated hemoglobin, cholesterol, HOMA-IR, oral glucose tolerance test, and blood glucose, in acute (2 and 24 h), and chronic (up to 4 months) treatment.
CONCLUSION
An important hypoglycemic effect of okra in its various fractions on induced diabetes was observed by different authors. Moreover, okra promoted improvement in metabolic markers such as insulin sensitivity, lipid profile, and bodyweight loss.
Topics: Abelmoschus; Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus; Male; Mice; Models, Animal; Plant Extracts; Rats; Rats, Long-Evans; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Rats, Wistar; Streptozocin
PubMed: 35963420
DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115544 -
Pharmacological Research May 2020Breast cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related death among women worldwide, and its incidence is also increasing. High recurrence rate and metastasis rate are...
Breast cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related death among women worldwide, and its incidence is also increasing. High recurrence rate and metastasis rate are the key causes of poor prognosis and death. It is suggested that abnormal glycosylation plays an important role in the growth, invasion, metastasis and resistance to therapy of breast cancer cells. Meanwhile, it can be used as the biomarkers for the early detection and prognosis of breast cancer and the potential attractive targets for drug treatment. However, only a few attentions have been paid to the molecular mechanism of abnormal glycosylation in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of breast cancer cells and the related intervention of drugs. This manuscript thus investigated the relationship between abnormal glycosylation, the EMT, and breast cancer metastasis. Then, the process of abnormal glycosylation, the classification and their molecular regulatory mechanisms of breast cancer were analyzed in detail. Last, potential drugs are introduced in different categories, which are expected to reverse or intervene the abnormal glycosylation of breast cancer. This review is conducive to an in-depth understanding of the metastasis and drug resistance of breast cancer cells, which will provide new ideas for the clinical regulation of glycosylation and related drug treatments in breast cancer.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Breast Neoplasms; Glycosylation; Humans
PubMed: 32151681
DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104738 -
Ancient Science of Life 2017Over the last century, human life style and food habits have drastically changed which lead to various chronic diseases. Diabetes mellitus is one such disease which is... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Over the last century, human life style and food habits have drastically changed which lead to various chronic diseases. Diabetes mellitus is one such disease which is causing serious problems to human health. Allopathic drugs are not much effective in handling the disease and its complications. Hence focus has been turned towards the traditional system of medicine. Medicinal plants play an important role in the management of diabetes mellitus.
METHODS
Experimental studies conducted on species of Artemisia on diabetic animal models and human published since the year 2000 until April, 2017 were reviewed. Each article was critically appraised by two independent reviewers for their methodological quality using the JBIMAStARI tool.
RESULT
A total of 14 studies were included in this review and the blood glucose data obtained from these critically reviewed studies clearly showed that both the aqueous and alcoholic extracts of species of Artemisia produced significant hypoglycemic effects in alloxan, Streptozotocin and high fat diet induced diabetic animals and diabetic humans with different mechanisms of action as compared to standard antidiabetic medications.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
The antidiabetic effect of single or multiple doses of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Artemisia species was due to the active compounds of these plants and they all are effective in lessening the blood glucose level in all of those experimental studies. Despite the presence of known antidiabetic medicines in the pharmaceutical market, therapeutic remedies from these medicinal plants have been utilized with success to treat this disorder and its complications with a relatively less side effects.
PubMed: 29269967
DOI: 10.4103/asl.ASL_87_17 -
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... Jul 2017Anastatica hierochuntica L. (A. hierochuntica) is a desert plant consumed by people across the globe to treat various medical conditions. This review is aimed at... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Anastatica hierochuntica L. (A. hierochuntica) is a desert plant consumed by people across the globe to treat various medical conditions. This review is aimed at providing a summary of the scientific findings on biological activities of A. hierochuntica and suggests areas in which further research is needed. This systematic review was synthesized from the literature obtained from the following databases; PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, Ovid Medline, Scopus, Google Scholar and WorldCat. Previous studies have indicated that the methanolic and aqueous extracts of this plant have antioxidant, antifungal and antimicrobial activities. It was shown to have the ability to activate phagocytes and to possess microbicidal activity, thereby causing increased resistance to infection. Both methanolic and aqueous extracts of this plant were also demonstrated to have a hypoglycaemic property, whilst the methanolic extract significantly exhibited hypolipidaemic effects in diabetic rats. Moreover, the methanolic extract of A. hierochuntica has been suggested to have hepatoprotective properties. This is supported by its ability to significantly decrease transaminase and alkaline phosphatase activities in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Besides, this desert plant exhibited anti-inflammatory, anti-melanogenic and gastroprotective activities. Even though A. hierochuntica is widely used, studies on this plant are still scarce, thus its reputed biological activities and medical benefits require critical evaluation. Before A. hierochuntica can be used clinically, further studies need to be conducted to increase our understanding of the effects of this plant, its constituents, and possible mechanisms of action.
Topics: Animals; Brassicaceae; Humans; Phytochemicals; Plant Extracts; Protective Agents
PubMed: 28486192
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.05.011 -
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... Feb 2017Embelia ribes (ER) has been documented in Ayurveda for treating various diseases, including diabetes mellitus (DM). The present systematic review and meta-analysis... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Embelia ribes (ER) has been documented in Ayurveda for treating various diseases, including diabetes mellitus (DM). The present systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy and safety of ER and its active bio-marker, embelin and its derivatives in the treatment of DM. Literature search was performed in PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Scifinder, and Google Scholar. Using Review Manager, meta-analysis of ER/embelin/derivatives of embelin versus diabetic control was performed with inverse-variance model, providing mean differences (MDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Heterogeneity was determined by I statistic. A total of 13 studies were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis, and were conducted in experimental rats. ER and embelin significantly (P≤0.01) resorted blood glucose (MD, -231.30; CI, -256.79, -205.82; and MD, -154.70; CI, -168.65, -140.74) and glycosylated haemoglobin (MD, -6.36; CI, -8.33, -4.39; and MD,-4.68; CI, -7.76, -1.60), respectively. Meta-analysis findings also reported considerable restoration of insulin, lipid profile, haemodynamic parameters, serum and oxidative stress markers. The derivatives of embelin, 6-bromoembelin and vilangin, also improved diabetic condition. In addition, treatments also ameliorated body weight changes due to diabetes. The present systematic review and meta-analysis supports scientific evidence for the antidiabetic activity of ER/embelin/derivatives of embelin. However, further research is warranted in clinical trials to validate the present findings.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus; Embelia; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Oxidative Stress; Plant Extracts
PubMed: 27984799
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.12.001