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Nutrition & Diabetes Aug 2019Pu-erh tea was presumed to have anti-hyperglycemic effects via inhibition on alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase. However, no integerated literatures were published to...
OBJECTIVE
Pu-erh tea was presumed to have anti-hyperglycemic effects via inhibition on alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase. However, no integerated literatures were published to substantiate such presumption.
METHODS
Current study adopted systemic review method to validate inhibitory effects on alpha amylase and alpha-glucosidase. Five English databases (PubMed, EBSCO, SCOPUS, Cochrane Library, Web of Science) and three Chinese ones (Airti Library, CNKI Library, and Google Scholar) were searched up to 22 March 2018 for eligible literatures, using keywords of Pu-erh, Pu'er, alpha-amylase or alpha-glucosidase.
RESULTS
Six studies exploring inhibitory effects on alpha-glucosidase and seven on alpha-amylase were included for systemic review. Though results showed pu-erh tea has significant inhibitory effects on alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase, high heterogeneity was detected among studies included.
CONCLUSIONS
High heterogeneity may be due to complex alterations of chemicals under different degrees of fermentation. More future studies are required to further identify principal bioactive component(s) at work.
Topics: Humans; Plant Extracts; Tea; alpha-Amylases; alpha-Glucosidases
PubMed: 31455758
DOI: 10.1038/s41387-019-0092-y -
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews Dec 2018Dysregulations of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the autonomic nervous system (ANS), two of the most prominent stress-responsive systems, have been...
Dysregulations of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the autonomic nervous system (ANS), two of the most prominent stress-responsive systems, have been associated with the development and maintenance of various mental disorders. It has been suggested that these alterations might normalize in the course of psychotherapeutic interventions. We conducted a comprehensive review of psychotherapeutic intervention effects on HPA axis and ANS regulation in adult samples with mental disorders. We searched four databases for psychotherapeutic intervention studies with mentally ill patient samples, assessing cortisol and/or alpha-amylase before and after treatment. Study quality and confounder consideration within biomarker assessment were examined. Twenty-five studies were included. Psychotherapeutic interventions and biomarker assessment methodology varied substantially between studies. Accordingly, meta-analytical computations were deemed unfeasible. Study characteristics especially regarding cortisol and alpha-amylase assessment and analysis procedures were comprehensively reviewed. Study quality and biomarker confounder consideration ratings were mostly moderate to strong. Based on the results, we provide recommendations regarding intervention design and biomarker assessment methodology to increase comparability of psychotherapeutic treatment effects in future studies.
Topics: Biomarkers; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Mental Disorders; Psychotherapy; alpha-Amylases
PubMed: 30316721
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.09.023 -
Annals of Work Exposures and Health Nov 2018In epidemiological studies of work-related ill-health only current exposures can, at best, be measured. Previous exposures may be estimated using contemporaneous hygiene...
OBJECTIVES
In epidemiological studies of work-related ill-health only current exposures can, at best, be measured. Previous exposures may be estimated using contemporaneous hygiene records or published data. This study aimed to create a job exposure matrix for exposure in bakers for use in an ongoing cohort study.
METHODS
A systematic review was conducted of English language publications on exposures in bakeries. All publications that appeared to contain quantitative measures of exposure to flour dust, wheat allergen, or fungal α-amylase were read independently by two investigators and relevant data extracted. A third investigator reviewed these data and publications were retained that reported full-shift exposures to inhalable dust, wheat allergen, or α-amylase, and for which geometric means (GMs) were given or could be estimated. For each study, the number of sampling results contributing to each GM was recorded together with information on task, bakery size, product, filter type, sampling head, the country in which the study was conducted, and the estimated year of sampling. Multivariable models were elaborated for each exposure using a linear mixed effects approach. The predictive capacity of the model for inhaled particles was tested against samples collected in eight Alberta bakeries. The capacity of exposure intensity, estimated from each of the three models, to predict sensitization was tested against skin prick testing (SPT) for bakery allergens in bakers currently employed in Alberta.
RESULTS
One thousand three hundred and ninety-seven publications were identified through the systematic search, of which 27 had data used to create one or more of the predictive models. Weighted GMs were used as outcome variables. For inhalable dust, task, bakery size, type of sampling head, and year of sampling contributed to the final model. For wheat allergen and α-amylase, task, bakery size, sampling head, and year of sampling again contributed. Product (bread rather than confectionary or mixed products) was also important in these two latter measures. The model for inhalable dust was used to predict the concentration in 33 samples from Alberta bakeries. Overall, 91% of observed samples had 95% confidence intervals (CIs) overlapping the 95% CIs of the predicted values. A model including the Alberta samples found no effect attributable to Alberta provenance. Using this model for inhalable dust and the models developed solely from the literature for wheat allergen and α-amylase, a positive SPT for bakery allergens in 57 bakers recruited for this study was significantly related to log cumulative exposure for each of the three outcome variables and to log exposure intensity for wheat allergen and α-amylase.
CONCLUSIONS
The exposure models developed from the literature provide useful estimates of exposure. Calibration of the models against locally collected samples may be useful for countries poorly represented in the modeling dataset.
Topics: Air Pollutants, Occupational; Alberta; Allergens; Cohort Studies; Cooking; Dust; Environmental Monitoring; Flour; Humans; Inhalation Exposure; Occupational Exposure; Skin Tests; alpha-Amylases
PubMed: 30184166
DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxy078 -
Medicine Feb 2016Early detection of postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) may help to improve the outcome following pancreatic surgery, and exclusion of POPF may allow early drain... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Early detection of postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) may help to improve the outcome following pancreatic surgery, and exclusion of POPF may allow early drain removal which can accelerate recovery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of drain/plasma pancreatic amylase values on postoperative day 1 (DPA1/PPA1) in POPF by means of a systemic review and meta-analysis.Online journal databases and a manual search up to March 2015 were used. Studies clearly documenting DPA1 or PPA1 in predicting overall POPF (Grade 0 vs A+B+C) or clinically relevant POPF (Grade 0+A vs B+C) following pancreatic surgery were selected. Pooled predictive parameters were performed using STATA 12.0.Fifteen studies were finally identified with a total of 4331 patients. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of DPA1 were 0.92 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.81-0.96) and 0.77 (95% CI 0.64-0.86) for predicting overall POPF and 0.79 (95% CI 0.61-0.90) and 0.83 (95% CI 0.74-0.89) for predicting clinically relevant POPF. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of PPA1 were 0.74 (95% CI 0.63-0.82) and 0.62 (95% CI 0.55-0.70) for overall POPF. After the DPA1 at/over cutoff values for overall POPF or clinically relevant POPF, corresponding post-test probability (Post-test (+)) (if pretest probability was 50%) was 80% and 82% respectively, while, if values were below the cutoff values, the post-test probability (Post-test (-)) was 10% and 20% respectively. Post-test (+) and Post-test (-) of PPA1 for overall POPF were 66% and 30% respectively. In subgroup analysis, the summary sensitivities of cutoff <1000 group and cutoff >1000 group were 0.96 (0.92-0.98) and 0.85 (0.64-0.95), respectively; the summary specificities were 0.59 (0.44-0.72) and 0.86 (0.80-0.91) respectively. Positive LR were 2.3 (1.7-3.3) and 6.2 (3.7-10.2) respectively. Negative LR were 0.06 (0.03-0.14) and 0.18 (0.07-0.47) respectively.DPA1 is a useful predictive test for overall POPF and clinically relevant POPF which has good sensitivity and specificity based on the current studies. Meanwhile, it should be cautiously applied to clinical practice because cutoffs had a wide range between studies.
Topics: Humans; Pancreas; Pancreatic Fistula; Pancreatic alpha-Amylases; Postoperative Period; Predictive Value of Tests
PubMed: 26844462
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000002569 -
Journal of Dietary Supplements Mar 2010An evidence-based systematic review including written and statistical analysis of scientific literature, expert opinion, folkloric precedent, history, pharmacology,... (Review)
Review
An evidence-based systematic review including written and statistical analysis of scientific literature, expert opinion, folkloric precedent, history, pharmacology, kinetics/dynamics, interactions, adverse effects, toxicology, and dosing.
Topics: Animals; Cooperative Behavior; Diabetes Mellitus; Dietary Carbohydrates; Dietary Supplements; Enzyme Inhibitors; Evidence-Based Medicine; Fabaceae; Humans; Obesity; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Starch; Weight Loss; alpha-Amylases
PubMed: 22435576
DOI: 10.3109/19390210903535043