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Pediatric Pulmonology Apr 2023High altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) is a form of acute noncardiogenic pulmonary edema caused by altitude-related hypoxia seen in children as well as in adults. In this...
INTRODUCTION
High altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) is a form of acute noncardiogenic pulmonary edema caused by altitude-related hypoxia seen in children as well as in adults. In this systematic review we focus in HAPE occurring in children and adolescents.
METHODS
A systematic review was conducted including publications in children 0-18 years of age from three databases up to June 2022.
RESULTS
Thirty-five studies representing 210 cases were found. The mean age was 9.8 ± 3.6 years with a male/female ratio of 2.6. The peak age incidence was seen in children between 6 and 10 years old. Only two children (0.9%) were ≤2 years old. The mean altitude in 166 cases was 2861 masl. Only 17 cases (8.1%) occurred at altitudes below 2500 masl. Regarding the different HAPE subtypes there was a predominance of re-entry HAPE (R-HAPE) with 58%, followed by classic HAPE (C-HAPE) with 37.6%. The mean time between arrival and onset of symptoms was 16.5 h. The mortality rate was 1.4%. In 10/28 (36%) of C-HAPE cases there was a structural cardiac/pulmonary anomaly compared to 1/19 (5%) in R-HAPE (p < 0.01). HAPE recurrence was found in 46 cases (21.9%). The involvement in the chest X-rays was seen predominantly in the apices and in the right lung.
CONCLUSIONS
R-HAPE was the most common HAPE subtype; HAPE peak age was found between 6 and 10 years of age; HAPE was more frequent in males and was rare in children under 2 years old; associated HAPE structural abnormalities were more common in C-HAPE than in R-HAPE.
Topics: Adult; Adolescent; Child; Humans; Female; Male; Infant; Child, Preschool; Altitude; Pulmonary Edema; Altitude Sickness; Hypertension, Pulmonary; Hypoxia
PubMed: 36562650
DOI: 10.1002/ppul.26294 -
Brain Sciences Dec 2022High-altitude (HA) exposure affects cognitive functions, but studies have found inconsistent results. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the effects of HA... (Review)
Review
High-altitude (HA) exposure affects cognitive functions, but studies have found inconsistent results. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the effects of HA exposure on cognitive functions in healthy subjects. A structural overview of the applied neuropsychological tests was provided with a classification of superordinate cognitive domains. A literature search was performed using PubMed up to October 2021 according to PRISMA guidelines. Eligibility criteria included a healthy human cohort exposed to altitude in the field (at minimum 2440 m [8000 ft]) or in a hypoxic environment in a laboratory, and an assessment of cognitive domains. The literature search identified 52 studies (29 of these were field studies; altitude range: 2440 m-8848 m [8000-29,029 ft]). Researchers applied 112 different neuropsychological tests. Attentional capacity, concentration, and executive functions were the most frequently studied. In the laboratory, the ratio of altitude-induced impairments (64.7%) was twice as high compared to results showing no change or improved results (35.3%), but altitudes studied were similar in the chamber compared to field studies. In the field, the opposite results were found (66.4 % no change or improvements, 33.6% impairments). Since better acclimatization can be assumed in the field studies, the findings support the hypothesis that sufficient acclimatization has beneficial effects on cognitive functions at HA. However, it also becomes apparent that research in this area would benefit most if a consensus could be reached on a standardized framework of freely available neurocognitive tests.
PubMed: 36552195
DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12121736 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2022Cryptosporidiosis is a zoonotic disease caused by Cryptosporidium infection with the main symptom of diarrhea. The present study performed a metaanalysis to determine... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
INTODUCTION
Cryptosporidiosis is a zoonotic disease caused by Cryptosporidium infection with the main symptom of diarrhea. The present study performed a metaanalysis to determine the global prevalence of Cryptosporidium in Equus animals.
METHODS
Data collection was carried out using Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), VIP Chinese journal database (VIP), WanFang Data, PubMed, and ScienceDirect databases, with 35 articles published before 2021 being included in this systematic analysis. This study analyzed the research data through subgroup analysis and univariate regression analysis to reveal the factors leading to high prevalence. We applied a random effects model (REM) to the metadata.
RESULTS
The total prevalence rate of Cryptosporidium in Equus was estimated to be 7.59% from the selected articles. The prevalence of Cryptosporidium in female Equus was 2.60%. The prevalence of Cryptosporidium in Equus under 1-year-old was 11.06%, which was higher than that of Equus over 1-year-old (2.52%). In the experimental method groups, the positive rate detected by microscopy was the highest (10.52%). The highest Cryptosporidium prevalence was found in scale breeding Equus (7.86%). The horses had the lowest Cryptosporidium prevalence (7.32%) among host groups. C. muris was the most frequently detected genotype in the samples (53.55%). In the groups of geographical factors, the prevalence rate of Cryptosporidium in Equus was higher in regions with low altitude (6.88%), rainy (15.63%), humid (22.69%), and tropical climates (16.46%).
DISCUSSION
The search strategy use of five databases might have caused the omission of some researches. This metaanalysis systematically presented the global prevalence and potential risk factors of Cryptosporidium infection in Equus. The farmers should strengthen the management of young and female Equus animals, improve water filtration systems, reduce stocking densities, and harmless treatment of livestock manure.
Topics: Female; Animals; Horses; Cryptosporidiosis; Cryptosporidium; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Zoonoses
PubMed: 36506009
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1072385 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2022Nature exposure is a widely accepted option for promoting public health owing to the recent surge of scientific evidence. However, the actual settings to facilitate this... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
INTRODUCTION
Nature exposure is a widely accepted option for promoting public health owing to the recent surge of scientific evidence. However, the actual settings to facilitate this initiative is yet to be extensively reviewed. In this systematic review, we have aimed to provide an up-to-date summary of interventional studies investigating the psycho-physiological effects of forests and urban forests, including details on their physical settings, and investigate an effect-modifying role of altitude and summarize data on the magnitude and shape of the association.
METHODS
A keyword search using five electronic academic databases (PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Scopus) was conducted to identify relevant articles published in English from the inception year to the end of February 2022. The methodological quality was evaluated using the ROBINS-I or ROB2 tool, depending on the study design. Meta-regression and random effects model were jointly used to examine the relationship between altitude and health outcomes.
RESULTS
We included 27 eligible studies and 31 cases extracted from 19 studies were used for the meta-analysis. In the meta-regression, we observed a non-linear association between altitude and psycho-physiological effects. Altitude had a positive quadratic association with anxiety ( < 0.000, adjusted = 96.79%), depression ( < 0.000, adjusted = 98.78%), and fatigue ( < 0.000, adjusted = 64.74%) alleviating effects. Conversely, altitude demonstrated a negative non-linear association with the blood pressure-lowering effect ( = 0.009, adjusted = 32.83%). Additionally, the thermal index (THI) and illuminance (lx) levels were significantly associated with effect sizes of psychological restoration.
DISCUSSION
This review provides moderate-certainty evidence for an effect-modifying role of altitude. The meta-regression results suggested the optimal and minimal altitude ranges for psychological restoration and physiological relaxation, respectively. Despite some limitations, the study findings provide a significant basis for utilizing altitude, which is easily accessible and simple, to promote the health benefits of nature-based initiatives.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022310894, identifier: CRD42022310894.
Topics: Humans; Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Databases, Factual; Fatigue; Public Health
PubMed: 36504926
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1021618 -
Journal of Parasitic Diseases :... Dec 2022Human visceral leishmaniasis has long been associated with canine leishmaniasis (CL). However, to date, there is no clear information on the status of the disease in...
UNLABELLED
Human visceral leishmaniasis has long been associated with canine leishmaniasis (CL). However, to date, there is no clear information on the status of the disease in dogs in Morocco that could be used by policymakers for the prevention of human cases. This study aims to assess the status of CL in Morocco and its risk factors through an exhaustive literature search. The meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4. The main results showed that the overall prevalence of CL in Morocco is 17% (95% CI: 0.12-0.22), caused by two strains of parasite: and . According to the region, the maximum prevalence was reported in the coastal provinces and in the central part of the country; while, the CL risk was higher in rural area (18% [95% CI: 0.14-0.23]) and at altitude above 1000 m (23% [95% CI: - 0.08-0.53]). Regarding the intrinsic factors, the prevalence of the disease increased with the age of the dog, (30% [95% CI - 0.09-0.68) and the risk was very high in clinically asymptomatic dogs (RR = 2.08 [95% CI: 1.15-3.76]). This study is the first in Morocco indicating the CL prevalence, its geographical distribution and detailing its risk factors. These results are needed to improve management strategies for the canine reservoir of leishmaniasis in Morocco and interrupt the local transmission cycle to humans.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12639-022-01521-2.
PubMed: 36457764
DOI: 10.1007/s12639-022-01521-2 -
International Journal of Environmental... Nov 2022The present study aimed to determine the effect of high intensity interval training (HIIT) in hypoxia on maximal oxygen uptake (VO) compared with HIIT in normoxia with a... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The present study aimed to determine the effect of high intensity interval training (HIIT) in hypoxia on maximal oxygen uptake (VO) compared with HIIT in normoxia with a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA)-accordant meta-analysis and meta-regression. Studies which measured VO following a minimum of 2 weeks intervention featuring HIIT in hypoxia versus HIIT in normoxia were included. From 119 originally identified titles, nine studies were included ( = 194 participants). Meta-analysis was conducted on change in (∆) VO using standardised mean difference (SMD) and a random effects model. Meta-regression examined the relationship between the extent of environmental hypoxia (fractional inspired oxygen [FiO]) and ∆VO and intervention duration and ∆VO. The overall SMD for ∆VO following HIIT in hypoxia was 1.14 (95% CI = 0.56-1.72; < 0.001). Meta-regressions identified no significant relationship between FiO (coefficient estimate = 0.074, = 0.852) or intervention duration (coefficient estimate = 0.071, = 0.423) and ∆VO. In conclusion, HIIT in hypoxia improved VO compared to HIIT in normoxia. Neither extent of hypoxia, nor training duration modified this effect, however the range in FiO was small, which limits interpretation of this meta-regression. Moreover, training duration is not the only training variable known to influence ∆VO, and does not appropriately capture total training stress or load. This meta-analysis provides pooled evidence that HIIT in hypoxia may be more efficacious at improving VO than HIIT in normoxia. The application of these data suggest adding a hypoxic stimuli to a period of HIIT may be more effective at improving VO than HIIT alone. Therefore, coaches and athletes with access to altitude (either natural or simulated) should consider implementing HIIT in hypoxia, rather than HIIT in normoxia where possible, assuming no negative side effects.
Topics: Humans; High-Intensity Interval Training; Oxygen Consumption; Hypoxia; Altitude; Oxygen
PubMed: 36361141
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114261 -
Biological Reviews of the Cambridge... Feb 2023Water temperature is one of the main abiotic factors affecting the structure and functioning of aquatic ecosystems and its alteration can have important effects on...
Water temperature is one of the main abiotic factors affecting the structure and functioning of aquatic ecosystems and its alteration can have important effects on biological communities. Macroinvertebrates are excellent bio-indicators and have been used for decades to assess the status of aquatic ecosystems as a result of environmental stresses; however, their responses to temperature are poorly documented and have not been systematically evaluated. The aims of this review are: (i) to collate and summarize responses of freshwater macroinvertebrates to different temperature conditions, comparing the results of experimental and theoretical studies; (ii) to understand how the focus of research on the effects of temperature on macroinvertebrates has changed during the last 51 years; and (iii) to identify research gaps regarding temperature responses, ecosystem types, organism groups, spatiotemporal scales, and geographical regions to suggest possible research directions. We performed a comparative assessment of 223 publications that specifically consider freshwater macroinvertebrates and address the effects of temperature. Short-term studies performed in the laboratory and focusing on insects exposed to a range of temperatures dominated. Field studies were carried out mainly in Europe, at catchment scale and almost exclusively in rivers; they mainly investigated responses to water thermal regime at the community scale. The most frequent biological responses tested were growth rate, fecundity and the time and length of emergence, whereas ecological responses mainly involved composition, richness, and distribution. Thermal research on freshwater macroinvertebrates has undergone a shift since the 2000s when studies involving extended spatiotemporal scales and investigating the effects of global warming first appeared. In addition, recent studies have considered the effects of temperature at genetic and evolutionary scales. Our review revealed that the effects of temperature on macroinvertebrates are manifold with implications at different levels, from genes to communities. However, community-level physiological, phenological and fitness responses tested on individuals or populations should be studied in more detail given their macroecological effects are likely to be enhanced by climate warming. In addition, most field studies at regional scales have used air temperature as a proxy for water temperature; obtaining accurate water temperature data in future studies will be important to allow proper consideration of the spatial thermal heterogeneity of water bodies and any effects on macroinvertebrate distribution patterns. Finally, we found an uneven number of studies across different ecosystems and geographic areas, with lentic bodies and regions outside the West underrepresented. It will also be crucial to include macroinvertebrates of high-altitude and tropical areas in future work because these groups are most vulnerable to climate warming for multiple reasons. Further studies on temperature-macroinvertebrate relationships are needed to fill the current gaps and facilitate appropriate conservation strategies for freshwater ecosystems in an anthropogenic-driven era.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Ecosystem; Invertebrates; Temperature; Water; Fresh Water; Rivers; Environmental Monitoring
PubMed: 36173002
DOI: 10.1111/brv.12903 -
Pediatrics Oct 2022Bronchiolitis is the leading cause of pediatric hospital admissions. Hospital-at-Home (HAH) delivers hospital-level care at home, relieving pressure on the hospital...
CONTEXT
Bronchiolitis is the leading cause of pediatric hospital admissions. Hospital-at-Home (HAH) delivers hospital-level care at home, relieving pressure on the hospital system.
OBJECTIVES
We aimed to review the feasibility, acceptability, and safety of HAH for bronchiolitis, and assess the cost-impact to hospitals and society.
DATA SOURCES
Ovid Medline, Embase, Pubmed, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and Web of Science.
STUDY SELECTION
Studies (randomized control trials, retrospective audits, prospective observational trials) of infants with bronchiolitis receiving HAH (oxygen, nasogastric feeding, remote monitoring). Studies were limited to English language since 2000.
DATA EXTRACTION
We reviewed all studies in duplicate for inclusion, data extraction, and risk of bias.
RESULTS
Ten studies met inclusion criteria, all for home oxygen therapy (HOT). One abstract on nasogastric feeding did not meet full inclusion criteria. No studies on remote monitoring were found. HOT appears feasible in terms of uptake (70%-82%) and successful completion, both at altitude and sea-level. Caregiver acceptability was reported in 2 qualitative studies. There were 7 reported adverse events (0.6%) with 0 mortality in 1257 patients. Cost studies showed evidence of savings, although included costs to hospitals only.
LIMITATIONS
Small number of studies with heterogenous study design and quality. No adequately powered randomized control studies.
CONCLUSIONS
Evidence exists to support HOT as feasible, acceptable, and safe. Evidence of cost-effectiveness remains limited. Further research is needed to understand the relevant impact of HAH versus alternative interventions to reduce oxygen prescribing. Other models of care looking at nasogastric feeding support and remote monitoring should be explored.
Topics: Bronchiolitis; Child; Home Care Services; Hospitalization; Humans; Infant; Observational Studies as Topic; Oxygen; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 36065737
DOI: 10.1542/peds.2022-056603 -
Journal of Affective Disorders Nov 2022The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of depression or depressive symptoms in people residing in high-altitude regions. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of depression or depressive symptoms in people residing in high-altitude regions.
METHODS
Eleven databases were searched for studies on depression and depressive symptoms: PubMed, ISI Web of Science, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus, PsycINFO, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, Psychology Database, Academic Search Ultimate, SciELO and LILACS. Systematic review and meta-analysis were performed based on the inclusion of these articles measuring the prevalence of depressive symptoms in people living at high altitude (≥1500 m above sea level [masl]). The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021271069).
RESULTS
Eight articles with >40,000 participants from 4 different countries were included. Among the samples treated, the combined prevalence of depressive symptoms was 17.9 % (I: 99 %) and the only estimate by subpopulation at the country level was possible for China, with >36,000 participants, being 28.7 % (I: 4 %).
LIMITATIONS
Considerable heterogeneity was reported in the estimation of overall prevalence due to the quality of the studies and the instruments used to screen for depressive symptoms.
CONCLUSION
Almost two out of every 10 people living at high-altitude regions suffer from depressive symptoms. Therefore, it is necessary to adapt interventions to this condition and further research in the field is required.
Topics: Altitude; Anxiety; Databases, Factual; Depression; Humans; Prevalence
PubMed: 36055536
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.08.079 -
Foodborne Pathogens and Disease Oct 2022Echinococcosis is a foodborne parasitic zoonosis caused by the larvae of . This disease can affect goats and other mammals. In this study, a systematic review and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Echinococcosis is a foodborne parasitic zoonosis caused by the larvae of . This disease can affect goats and other mammals. In this study, a systematic review and meta-analysis for echinococcosis in global goats were performed based on the following five databases (China National Knowledge Infrastructure [CNKI], VIP Chinese Journal Database, Wanfang Data, PubMed, and ScienceDirect). In total, 108,197 samples were collected. The global prevalence of echinococcosis in goats was identified to be 10.85% (3217/108,197). The prevalence of echinococcosis in goats was 6.16% (1369/22,208) and 13.27% (874/5932) in South America and Africa, respectively. The prevalence of echinococcosis in goats before 2010 (9.76%; 112/713) was significantly higher than that from 2010 to 2014 (1.44%; 45/32,145) or after 2014 (2.95%; 154/3889). The prevalence of echinococcosis in goats aged <12 months (4.48%; 70/2911) was higher than that in goats aged ≥12 months (2.88%; 36/819). We also investigated the effects of geographical factors and climates on the prevalence of echinococcosis in goats. The results showed that the prevalence of echinococcosis was higher in the areas with high altitude and cold climate. This meta-analysis indicated that echinococcosis was ubiquitous in goats. Thus, we should improve the feeding conditions for goats, and strengthen the control measures of echinococcosis epidemic in goats, with the aims of reducing the economic losses of animal husbandry and providing protection for humans in the aspects of food security and health.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Goats; Prevalence; Echinococcosis; Zoonoses; China
PubMed: 36036962
DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2022.0030