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Nutrients May 2024Liver cancer ranks third globally among causes of cancer-related deaths, posing a significant public health challenge. However, current treatments are inadequate,... (Review)
Review
Liver cancer ranks third globally among causes of cancer-related deaths, posing a significant public health challenge. However, current treatments are inadequate, prompting a growing demand for novel, safe, and effective therapies. Natural products (NPs) have emerged as promising candidates in drug development due to their diverse biological activities, low toxicity, and minimal side effects. This paper begins by reviewing existing treatment methods and drugs for liver cancer. It then summarizes the therapeutic effects of NPs sourced from various origins on liver cancer. Finally, we analyze the potential mechanisms of NPs in treating liver cancer, including inhibition of angiogenesis, migration, and invasion; regulation of the cell cycle; induction of apoptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis; influence on tumor metabolism; immune regulation; regulation of intestinal function; and regulation of key signaling pathways. This systematic review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of NPs research in liver cancer treatment, offering a foundation for further development and application in pharmaceuticals and functional foods.
Topics: Humans; Biological Products; Liver Neoplasms; Apoptosis; Signal Transduction; Antineoplastic Agents; Animals; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Autophagy
PubMed: 38892575
DOI: 10.3390/nu16111642 -
Cellular and Molecular Biology... May 2024This review aimed to comprehensively summarize the role of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in gliomas, the most common malignant tumors in the central nervous system, and... (Review)
Review
This review aimed to comprehensively summarize the role of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in gliomas, the most common malignant tumors in the central nervous system, and explore their potential clinical applications. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a systematic search using the PubMed database was conducted forty studies met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were analyzed for type of intervention, the study's design, participants' demographics, and outcomes, including attrition. Gliomas, originating within the central nervous system, account for 40-45% of intracranial tumors. Despite advances in neurosurgical techniques, precise radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, the prognosis for glioma patients remains suboptimal. The review highlights the crucial regulatory role of lncRNA in gliomas. Differential expression of various lncRNAs, such as INHEG, SATB2-AS1, PSMB8-AS1, LINC01018, and SPRY4-IT1, has been observed in gliomas, suggesting their involvement in promoting or inhibiting tumorigenesis. Additionally, lncRNAs play roles in glioma characteristics such as proliferation, invasion, migration, angiogenesis, and the presence of glioma stem cells. The potential clinical applications of lncRNA in gliomas involve their association with tumor grading, diameter, metastasis, and family history. This review emphasizes the importance of understanding the molecular mechanisms involving lncRNA in gliomas. The identification of specific lncRNAs associated with gliomas provides potential molecular markers for diagnosis, differentiation, treatment, and prognosis evaluation. Further research is needed to uncover additional key lncRNAs and their underlying mechanisms, ultimately contributing to the improvement of glioma diagnosis and treatment.
Topics: Humans; Brain Neoplasms; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Glioma; Prognosis; RNA, Long Noncoding
PubMed: 38814211
DOI: 10.14715/cmb/2024.70.5.34 -
International Journal of Molecular... May 2024Breast cancer, the most invasive cancer in women globally, necessitates novel treatments due to prevailing limitations of therapeutics. Search of news anticancer targets... (Review)
Review
Breast cancer, the most invasive cancer in women globally, necessitates novel treatments due to prevailing limitations of therapeutics. Search of news anticancer targets is more necessary than ever to tackle this pathology. Heat-Shock Protein 90 (HSP90), a chaperone protein, is implicated in breast cancer pathogenesis, rendering it an appealing target. Looking for alternative approach such as Plant-based compounds and natural HSP90 inhibitors offer promising prospects for innovative therapeutic strategies. This study aims to identify plant-based compounds with anticancer effects on breast cancer models and elucidate their mechanism of action in inhibiting the HSP90 protein. A systematic review was conducted and completed in January 2024 and included in vitro, in vivo, and in silico studies that investigated the effectiveness of plant-based HSP90 inhibitors tested on breast cancer models. Eleven studies were included in the review. Six plants and 24 compounds from six different classes were identified and proved to be effective against HSP90 in breast cancer models. The studied plant extracts showed a dose- and time-dependent decrease in cell viability. Variable IC50 values showed antiproliferative effects, with the plant demonstrating the lowest value. Withanolides was the most studied class. Fennel, , and extracts were shown to inhibit tumor growth and angiogenesis and modulate HSP90 expression as well as its cochaperone interactions in breast cancer mouse models. The identified plant extracts and compounds were proven effective against HSP90 in breast cancer models, and this inhibition showed promising effects on breast cancer biology. Collectively, these results urge the need of further studies to better understand the mechanism of action of HSP90 inhibitors using comparable methods for preclinical observations.
Topics: Animals; Female; Humans; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Breast Neoplasms; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Cell Survival; HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins; Plant Extracts; Neoplasms, Experimental
PubMed: 38791506
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105468 -
Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and... Apr 2024Hormonal necrosis of the femoral head is caused by long-term use of glucocorticoids and other causes of abnormal bone metabolism, lipid metabolism imbalance and blood... (Review)
Review
Hormonal necrosis of the femoral head is caused by long-term use of glucocorticoids and other causes of abnormal bone metabolism, lipid metabolism imbalance and blood microcirculation disorders in the femoral head, resulting in bone trabecular fracture, bone tissue necrosis collapse, and hip dysfunction. It is the most common type of non-traumatic necrosis of the femoral head, and its pathogenesis is complex, while impaired blood circulation is considered to be the key to its occurrence. There are a large number of microvessels in the femoral head, among which H-type vessels play a decisive role in the "angiogenesis and osteogenesis coupling", and thus have an important impact on the occurrence and development of femoral head necrosis. Glucocorticoids can cause blood flow injury of the femoral head mainly through coagulation dysfunction, endothelial dysfunction and impaired angiogenesis. Glucocorticoids may inhibit the formation of H-type vessels by reducing the expression of HIF-1α, PDGF-BB, VGEF and other factors, thus causing damage to the "angiogenesis-osteogenesis coupling" and reducing the ability of necrosis reconstruction and repair of the femoral head. Leads to the occurrence of hormonal femoral head necrosis. Therefore, this paper reviewed the progress in the study of the mechanism of hormone-induced femoral head necrosis based on microvascular blood flow at home and abroad, hoping to provide new ideas for the study of the mechanism of femoral head necrosis and provide references for clinical treatment of femoral head necrosis.
Topics: Humans; Femur Head Necrosis; Microvessels; Glucocorticoids; Femur Head; Microcirculation; Neovascularization, Pathologic
PubMed: 38671500
DOI: 10.1186/s13018-024-04748-2 -
Journal of Nanobiotechnology Apr 2024Rare earth nanomaterials (RE NMs), which are based on rare earth elements, have emerged as remarkable biomaterials for use in bone regeneration. The effects of RE NMs on... (Review)
Review
Rare earth nanomaterials (RE NMs), which are based on rare earth elements, have emerged as remarkable biomaterials for use in bone regeneration. The effects of RE NMs on osteogenesis, such as promoting the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, have been investigated. However, the contributions of the properties of RE NMs to bone regeneration and their interactions with various cell types during osteogenesis have not been reviewed. Here, we review the crucial roles of the physicochemical and biological properties of RE NMs and focus on their osteogenic mechanisms. RE NMs directly promote the proliferation, adhesion, migration, and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. They also increase collagen secretion and mineralization to accelerate osteogenesis. Furthermore, RE NMs inhibit osteoclast formation and regulate the immune environment by modulating macrophages and promote angiogenesis by inducing hypoxia in endothelial cells. These effects create a microenvironment that is conducive to bone formation. This review will help researchers overcome current limitations to take full advantage of the osteogenic benefits of RE NMs and will suggest a potential approach for further osteogenesis research.
Topics: Osteogenesis; Endothelial Cells; Bone Regeneration; Osteoclasts; Nanostructures; Cell Differentiation
PubMed: 38627717
DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02442-3 -
Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery May 2024ω-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have a range of health benefits, including anticancer activity, and are converted to lipid mediators that could be adapted into... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
ω-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have a range of health benefits, including anticancer activity, and are converted to lipid mediators that could be adapted into pharmacological strategies. However, the stability of these mediators must be improved, and they may require formulation to achieve optimal tissue concentrations.
AREAS COVERED
Herein, the author reviews the literature around chemical stabilization and formulation of ω-3 PUFA mediators and their application in anticancer drug discovery.
EXPERT OPINION
Aryl-urea bioisosteres of ω-3 PUFA epoxides that killed cancer cells targeted the mitochondrion by a novel dual mechanism: as protonophoric uncouplers and as inhibitors of electron transport complex III that activated ER-stress and disrupted mitochondrial integrity. In contrast, aryl-ureas that contain electron-donating substituents prevented cancer cell migration. Thus, aryl-ureas represent a novel class of agents with tunable anticancer properties. Stabilized analogues of other ω-3 PUFA-derived mediators could also be adapted into anticancer strategies. Indeed, a cocktail of agents that simultaneously promote cell killing, inhibit metastasis and angiogenesis, and that attenuate the pro-inflammatory microenvironment is a novel future anticancer strategy. Such regimen may enhance anticancer drug efficacy, minimize the development of anticancer drug resistance and enhance outcomes.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Antineoplastic Agents; Drug Discovery; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Mitochondria; Neoplasms
PubMed: 38595031
DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2024.2340493 -
Cancers Jan 2024Given the heterogeneity of different malignant processes, planning cancer treatment is challenging. According to recent studies, natural products are likely to be... (Review)
Review
Given the heterogeneity of different malignant processes, planning cancer treatment is challenging. According to recent studies, natural products are likely to be effective in cancer prevention and treatment. Among bioactive flavonoids found in fruits and vegetables, kaempferol (KMP) is known for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. This systematic review aims to highlight the potential therapeutic effects of KMP on different types of solid malignant tumors. This review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Searches were performed in EMBASE, Medline/PubMed, Cochrane Collaboration Library, Science Direct, Scopus, and Google Scholar. After the application of study criteria, 64 studies were included. In vitro experiments demonstrated that KMP exerts antitumor effects by controlling tumor cell cycle progression, proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion, as well as by inhibiting angiogenesis. KMP was also able to inhibit important markers that regulate epithelial-mesenchymal transition and enhanced the sensitivity of cancer cells to traditional drugs used in chemotherapy, including cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil. This flavonoid is a promising therapeutic compound and its combination with current anticancer agents, including targeted drugs, may potentially produce more effective and predictable results.
PubMed: 38339336
DOI: 10.3390/cancers16030585 -
Frontiers in Pharmacology 2024Platinum-based dual-drug first-line chemotherapy is commonly employed in the treatment of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), although its...
The efficacy of bevacizumab combined with platinum-containing chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.
Platinum-based dual-drug first-line chemotherapy is commonly employed in the treatment of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), although its clinical efficacy is limited. Bevacizumab can antagonize vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF), which inhibit tumor angiogenesis and prevent tumor invasion and development. However, a comprehensive meta-analysis evaluating the effectiveness and safety of combining bevacizumab with platinum-based chemotherapy in advanced NSCLC patients is lacking. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the combination therapy of bevacizumab and platinum-based chemotherapy for treating advanced NSCLC were searched across six databases. Data on objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), 1-year survival rate, 2-year survival rate, 3-year survival rate, VEGF levels, and side effects were synthesized. Relative risk degree (RR) along with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used as statistical analysis measures for binary outcomes while continuous variables were analyzed using mean difference (MD) along with 95% CI. Heterogeneity was evaluated by Chi-squared and I tests. If there was heterogeneity, subgroup analysis was performed. Sensitivity analysis of the main outcome measures and assessment of publication bias were also performed. According to our screening criteria, a total of Forty-nine RCTs were included, involving data from 4268 patients. The results of this analysis showed that compared with platinum-containing chemotherapy alone, bevacizumab combined with platinum-containing chemotherapy significantly improved ORR (RR [95% CI], 1.53 [1.44, 1.63], < 0.00001), DCR (RR [95% CI], 1.24 [1.19, 1.29], < 0.0001), 1-year survival rate (RR [95% CI], 1.34 [1.15, 1.57], = 0.0003), 2-year survival rate (RR [95% CI], 2.16 [1.35, 3.43], = 0.001), 3-year survival rate (RR [95% CI], 2.00 [1.21, 3.30], = 0.007). In addition, bevacizumab with platinum-containing chemotherapy observably decreased the VEGF levels (RR [95% CI], -67.35 [-91.46, -43.25], < 0.00001). Combination therapy involving bevacizumab demonstrated improved antitumor effects compared to chemotherapy alone in terms of ORR, DCR, 1-year survival rate, 2-year survival rate, 3-year survival rate, and VEGF levels without an increased incidence of adverse reactions. These analyses' results can provide clinicians guidance when selecting appropriate treatments for patients diagnosed with advanced non-small cell lung cancer.
PubMed: 38318133
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1293039 -
Current Pharmaceutical Design 2023Artemisinin (ART) has been found to exert anti-tumor activity by regulating the cell cycle, inducing apoptosis, inhibiting angiogenesis and tumor invasion and...
Artemisinin (ART) has been found to exert anti-tumor activity by regulating the cell cycle, inducing apoptosis, inhibiting angiogenesis and tumor invasion and metastasis. Its derivatives (ARTs) can regulate the expression of drug-resistant proteins and reverse the multidrug resistance (MDR) of tumor cells by inhibiting intracellular drug efflux, inducing apoptosis and autophagy of tumor cells, thus enhancing the sensitivity of tumor cells to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Recent studies have shown that nanodrugs play an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer, which can effectively solve the shortcomings of poor hydrophilicity and low bioavailability of ARTs in the human body, prolong the in vivo circulation time, improve the targeting of drugs (including tumor tissues or specific organelles), and control the release of drugs in target tissues, thereby reducing the side effect. This review systematically summarized the latest research progress of nano-strategies of ARTs to enhance the efficiency of MDR reversal in breast cancer (BC) from the following two aspects: (1) Chemicals encapsulated in nanomaterials based on innovative anti-proliferation mechanism: non-ABC transporter receptor candidate related to ferroptosis (dihydroartemisinin/DHA analogs). (2) Combination therapy strategy of nanomedicine (drug-drug combination therapy, drug-gene combination, and chemical-physical therapy). Self-assembled nano-delivery systems enhance therapeutic efficacy through increased drug loading, rapid reactive release, optimized delivery sequence, and realization of cascade-increasing effects. New nanotechnology methods must be designed for specific delivery routines to achieve targeting administration and overcome MDR without affecting normal cells. The significance of this review is to expect that ART and ARTs can be widely used in clinical practice. In the future, nanotechnology can help people to treat multidrug resistance of breast cancer more accurately and efficiently.
Topics: Female; Humans; Artemisinins; Breast Neoplasms; Drug Resistance, Multiple; Drug Therapy, Combination
PubMed: 38270162
DOI: 10.2174/0113816128282248231205105408 -
Journal of Controlled Release :... Jan 2024Zeolite imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) is a biomaterial that has been increasingly studied in recent years. It has several applications such as bone regeneration,... (Review)
Review
Zeolite imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) is a biomaterial that has been increasingly studied in recent years. It has several applications such as bone regeneration, promotion of angiogenesis, drug loading, and antibacterial activity, and exerts multiple effects to deal with various problems in the process of bone regeneration. This systematic review aims to provide an overview of the applications and effectiveness of ZIF-8 in bone regeneration. A search of papers published in the PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases revealed 532 relevant studies. Title, abstract, and full-text screening resulted in 39 papers being included in the review, including 39 in vitro and 22 animal studies. Appropriate concentrations of nano ZIF-8 can promote cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation by releasing Zn and entering the cell, whereas high doses of ZIF-8 are cytotoxic and inhibit osteogenic differentiation. In addition, five studies confirmed that ZIF-8 exhibits good vasogenic activity. In all in vivo experiments, nano ZIF-8 promoted bone formation. These results indicate that, at appropriate concentrations, materials containing ZIF-8 promote bone regeneration more than materials without ZIF-8, and with characteristics such as promoting angiogenesis, drug loading, and antibacterial activity, it is expected to show promising applications in the field of bone regeneration. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This manuscript reviewed the use of ZIF-8 in bone regeneration, clarified the biocompatibility and effectiveness in promoting bone regeneration of ZIF-8 materials, and discussed the possible mechanisms and factors affecting its promotion of bone regeneration. Overall, this study provides a better understanding of the latest advances in the field of bone regeneration of ZIF-8, serves as a design guide, and contributes to the design of future experimental studies.
Topics: Animals; Osteogenesis; Zeolites; Bone Regeneration; Biocompatible Materials; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 38042375
DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.11.049