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Nutrients Jul 2022Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a group of diseases affecting the heart and blood vessels and is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Increasingly... (Review)
Review
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a group of diseases affecting the heart and blood vessels and is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Increasingly more evidence has shown that the senescence of vascular endothelial cells is the key to endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular diseases. Anthocyanin is a type of water-soluble polyphenol pigment and secondary metabolite of plant-based food widely existing in fruits and vegetables. The gut microbiome is involved in the metabolism of anthocyanins and mediates the biological activities of anthocyanins and their metabolites, while anthocyanins also regulate the growth of specific bacteria in the microbiota and promote the proliferation of healthy anaerobic flora. Accumulating studies have shown that anthocyanins have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aging effects. Many animal and in vitro experiments have also proven that anthocyanins have protective effects on cardiovascular-disease-related dysfunction. However, the molecular mechanism of anthocyanin in eliminating aging endothelial cells and preventing cardiovascular diseases is very complex and is not fully understood. In this systematic review, we summarize the metabolism and activities of anthocyanins, as well as their effects on scavenging senescent cells and cardioprotection.
Topics: Animals; Anthocyanins; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diet; Endothelial Cells; Vegetables
PubMed: 35889793
DOI: 10.3390/nu14142836 -
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition Mar 2023The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effects of anthocyanins-interventions on oxidative stress, inflammation, and lipid profile in... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effects of anthocyanins-interventions on oxidative stress, inflammation, and lipid profile in patients undergoing hemodialysis. This systematic review and meta-analysis were registered on the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO CRD42020209742). The primary outcome was anthocyanins-rich intervention on OS parameters and secondary outcome was anthocyanins-rich intervention on inflammation and dyslipidemia. RevMan 5.4 software was used to analyze the effect size of anthocyanins-rich intervention on OS, inflammation and dyslipidemia. Meta-analysis effect size calculations incorporated random-effects model for both outcomes 1 and 2. Eight studies were included in the systematic review (trials enrolling 715 patients; 165 men and 195 women; age range between 30 and 79 years). Anthocyanin intervention in patients undergoing hemodialysis decrease the oxidant parameters (std. mean: -2.64, 95% CI: [-3.77, -1.50], P ≤ 0.0001, I = 97%). Specially by reduction of malondialdehyde products in favor of anthocyanins-rich intervention (std. mean: -14.58 µmol.L, 95% CI: [-26.20, -2.96], P ≤ 0.0001, I = 99%) and myeloperoxidase (std. mean: -1.28 ηg.mL, 95% CI: [-2.11, -0.45], P = 0.003, I = 77%) against placebo group. Decrease inflammatory parameters (std. mean: -0.57, 95% CI: [-0.98, -0.16], P = 0.007, I = 79%), increase HDL cholesterol levels (std. mean: 0.58 mg.dL, 95% CI: [0.23, 0.94], P = 0.001, I = 12%) against placebo group. Anthocyanins-rich intervention seems to reduce oxidative stress, inflammatory parameters and improve lipid profile by increasing HDL cholesterol levels in patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Anthocyanins; Cholesterol, HDL; Dietary Supplements; Dyslipidemias; Inflammation; Oxidative Stress; Renal Dialysis; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
PubMed: 35831559
DOI: 10.1038/s41430-022-01175-6 -
Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta. Reviews... Jul 2022Anthocyanins have been associated with beneficial effects on human health. Cancer has been one of the main public health issues due to its aggressiveness and high... (Review)
Review
Anthocyanins have been associated with beneficial effects on human health. Cancer has been one of the main public health issues due to its aggressiveness and high mortality rate. This systematic review aimed to address recent research (from January 2000 to September 2021) on the anticancer activity of anthocyanins assessed by in vitro assays. The selected studies revealed that anthocyanins have anticancer potential by inhibiting cancer cell viability and proliferation, controlling cell cycle, and promoting apoptosis.
Topics: Anthocyanins; Apoptosis; Cell Proliferation; Cell Survival; Humans; Plant Extracts
PubMed: 35714889
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188748 -
CNS & Neurological Disorders Drug... 2023Blueberries are known for their high content of several bioactive compounds, specifically anthocyanin, which are the most beneficial of the flavonoid family in terms of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Blueberries are known for their high content of several bioactive compounds, specifically anthocyanin, which are the most beneficial of the flavonoid family in terms of neuroprotection. Several human interventional studies have been conducted to assess the effects of blueberry intake on cognitive performance; however, the results of clinical trials are inconclusive. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effect of blueberry supplementation on some aspects of cognitive performance and mood parameters using data from clinical trials based on existing evidence.
METHODS
Relevant studies, published in April 2021, were searched through PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar. The random effect size was used to estimate the pooled effect size. Heterogeneity between studies was evaluated by the Cochrane Q test and I-squared (I). To detect the potential source of heterogeneity, a subgroup analysis was conducted.
RESULTS
Fourteenrandomized trials were included in the quantitative analysis, and six were pooled for statistical analysis. Blueberry intervention resulted in no significant change in mood state score (WMD = 0.03; 95% CI: -0.80 to 0.87, P = 0.16). Moreover, no significant effect of blueberry intake was shown in attention task reaction time (WMD = -1.50 ms; 95% CI: -24.75 to -21.75, P = 0.9), percentages of attention task accuracy (WMD = 0.85; 95% CI: -2.57 to 0.86, P = 0.3), one-back test accuracy (WMD = 0.03; 95% CI: -0.04 to 0.09, P = 0.4). Significant effect was indicated (WMD = 0.08; 95% CI: 0.02 to 0.13, P = 0.005) in two-back test accuracy.
CONCLUSION
We found a significant effect of blueberry consumption on two-back test accuracy as a cognitive outcome. More high-quality clinical trials according to the challenges mentioned seem to indicate the use of blueberry as a supplement for cognitive and mood health efficiently.
Topics: Humans; Blueberry Plants; Dietary Supplements; Reaction Time; Cognition
PubMed: 35676847
DOI: 10.2174/1871527321666220608085852 -
The Review of Diabetic Studies : RDS Mar 2022Metabolic syndrome (MetS) can lead to fatal complications, including cardiovascular disease. Emerging evidence suggests has emerged that increased fruit and vegetable... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) can lead to fatal complications, including cardiovascular disease. Emerging evidence suggests has emerged that increased fruit and vegetable intake and decreased intake of saturated fats, simple sugars, and processed foods can improve cardiovascular health. Anthocyanins (color pigments) have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capacities but are of low bioavailability. In this systematic review and metaanalysis, we investigate the possible beneficial effects of the intake of berries high in anthocyanins on MetS risk factors. We also investigate the influences of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), lowdensity lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides (TG), and total cholesterol (TC). We identified 2,274 articles from PUBMED and EMBASE following a search input designed to include studies of interest of these, 21 met inclusion criteria. The studies showed an overall reduction in low-density lipoprotein (p=0.04). Increases in HDL were found with cranberry and freeze-dried berry intake during a 4-6-week intervention. No statistically significant findings were detected for fasting glucose, Hb1Ac, insulin levels, blood pressure, oxidized LDL (OX-LDL), BMI, and overall HDL. We conclude from this systematic review and meta-analysis that increased berry intake improves MetS key risk factors and reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease. Pronounced effects were apparent for concentrated berry products, such as freeze-dried strawberries.
Topics: Anthocyanins; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Fruit; Humans; Lipoproteins; Lipoproteins, HDL; Metabolic Syndrome; Triglycerides
PubMed: 35300756
DOI: 10.1900/RDS.2022.18.42 -
Ageing Research Reviews Apr 2022The aim of this systematic review is to ponder the possible mechanism of action of anthocyanin in Alzheimer's disease (AD), to prompt the development of... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The aim of this systematic review is to ponder the possible mechanism of action of anthocyanin in Alzheimer's disease (AD), to prompt the development of anthocyanin-based dietary supplementation or therapeutic intervention for AD and to explore the natural sources of anthocyanins.
METHODS
Electronic bibliographic databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, Proquest, DOAJ, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched for preclinical studies probing the efficacy of anthocyanin on AD. The search strategy included no time limit, but was restricted to English. The review protocol is registered on PROSPERO, registration no. CRD42021272972. The systematic review followed the PICO approach for inclusion of reports. All the reports were appraised for risk of bias using the SYRCLE's RoB tool.
RESULTS
Bibliographic details of the article, animal strain/weight/age, induction model, anthocyanin source, type of anthocyanin, dose, route of administration, duration, and the outcome measures were extracted from 12 retrieved reports explicitly. The implication of food-based anthocyanin in acute and long-term cognition and Aβ mediated neurodegeneration appears alluring. Majority of the studies comprehended in this review had moderate methodological quality.
DISCUSSION
Efficacy of anthocyanin in alleviating oxidative stress, reactive astrogliosis, cholinergic dysfunction, apoptosis, synaptotoxicity, neuroinflammation, tau hyperphosphorylation, dysregulated membrane potential, neuronal extracellular calcium, dysfunctional amyloidogenic pathway, and cognitive deficits in various rodent models of AD is manifested compositely in 12 studies.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Animals; Anthocyanins; Cognition; Cognitive Dysfunction; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Oxidative Stress
PubMed: 35217244
DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101595 -
Frontiers in Nutrition 2021Life expectancy steadily increases, and so do age-associated diseases, leading to a growing population suffering from cognitive decline and dementia. Impairments in...
Life expectancy steadily increases, and so do age-associated diseases, leading to a growing population suffering from cognitive decline and dementia. Impairments in working memory (WM) and episodic memory (EM) are associated with an increased risk of developing dementia. While there are no effective pharmacological therapies to preserve or enhance cognition and to slow down the progression from mild memory complaints to dementia so far, plant-based nutrients including polyphenols have been suggested to exert beneficial effects on brain aging. This review studies whether supplementary polyphenols are effective in preserving or enhancing memory in both non-pathological and pathological aging, and whether there are polyphenol efficiency differences between WM and EM. A systematic literature search was conducted and 66 out of 294 randomized clinical trials with 20 participants or more per group, aged 40 years or older were included. These covered a daily intake of 35-1,600 mg polyphenols, e.g., flavonols, flavonoids, isoflovones, anthocyanins, and/or stilbenes, over the course of 2 weeks to 6.5 years duration. In total, around half of the studies reported a significantly improved performance after polyphenol administration compared to control, while three studies reported a worsening of performance, and the remainder did not observe any effects. According to pooled WM and EM meta-analysis of all memory outcomes reported in 49 studies, overall effect size for WM and EM indicated a significant small positive effect on EM and WM with similar estimates ( ~ 0.24, < 0.001), with large study heterogeneity and significant Funnel asymmetry tests suggesting a positivity bias. These results remained similar when excluding studies reporting extremely large positive effect sizes from the meta-analyses. While and isoflavones did not show benefits in subgroup meta-analyses, those suggested some effects in extracts containing anthocyanins, other flavonoids and resveratrol, again potentially resulting from publication bias. To conclude, a systematic review and meta-analysis indicate that short- to moderate-term polyphenol interventions might improve WM and EM in middle-to older aged adults, however, publication bias in favor of positive results seems likely, rendering definite conclusions difficult. Future studies with larger, more diverse samples and sensitive monitoring of cardiovascular, metabolic and beginning brain pathologies as well as longer follow-up are needed to better understand the impact of age, (beginning) pathologies, gender, and long-term use on polyphenol action.
PubMed: 35155509
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.720756 -
Advances in Nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) Oct 2022The aim of the current review was to explore the association between various dietary antioxidants and the risk of developing Parkinson's disease (PD). PubMed, Scopus,... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The aim of the current review was to explore the association between various dietary antioxidants and the risk of developing Parkinson's disease (PD). PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched up to March 2021. Prospective, observational cohort studies, nested case-control, and case-control designs that investigated the association between antioxidants and PD risk were included. A random-effects model was used to pool the RRs. The certainty of the evidence was rated using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluations) scoring system. In addition, a dose-response relation was examined between antioxidant intake and PD risk. Six prospective cohort studies and 2 nested case-control (total n = 448,737 with 4654 cases), as well as 6 case-control (1948 controls, 1273 cases) studies were eligible. The pooled RR was significantly lower for the highest compared with the lowest intake categories of vitamin E (n = 7; 0.84; 95% CI: 0.71, 0.99) and anthocyanins (n = 2; 0.76; 95% CI: 0.61, 0.96) in cohort studies. Conversely, a significantly higher risk of PD was observed for higher lutein intake (n = 3; 1.86; 95% CI: 1.20, 2.88) among case-control studies. Dose-response meta-analyses indicated a significant association between a 50-mg/d increase in vitamin C (n = 6; RR: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.88, 0.99), a 5-mg/d increment in vitamin E (n = 7; RR: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.70, 0.99), a 2-mg/d increment in β-carotene (n = 6; RR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.89, 0.99), and a 1-mg/d increment in zinc (n = 1; OR: 0.65; 95% CI: 0.49, 0.86) and a reduced risk of PD. Overall, higher intake of antioxidant-rich foods may be associated with a lower risk of PD. Future well-designed prospective studies are needed to validate the present findings. The protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) database (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO, CRD42021242511).
Topics: Humans; Anthocyanins; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; beta Carotene; Lutein; Parkinson Disease; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors; Vitamin E; Zinc; Observational Studies as Topic
PubMed: 35030236
DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmac001 -
Frontiers in Nutrition 2021The associations between intake of anthocyanins and anthocyanin-rich berries and cardiovascular risks remained to be established. We aimed to quantitatively summarize...
Anthocyanins, Anthocyanin-Rich Berries, and Cardiovascular Risks: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 44 Randomized Controlled Trials and 15 Prospective Cohort Studies.
The associations between intake of anthocyanins and anthocyanin-rich berries and cardiovascular risks remained to be established. We aimed to quantitatively summarize the effects of purified anthocyanins and anthocyanin-rich berries on major surrogate markers of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and the longitudinal associations between dietary anthocyanins and CVD events. Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and prospective cohort studies. We included 44 eligible RCTs and 15 prospective cohort studies in this study. Pooled analysis of RCTs showed that purified anthocyanin supplementation could significantly reduce blood LDL cholesterol (weighted mean difference (WMD): -5.43 mg/dL, 95% CI: -8.96, -1.90 mg/dL; = 0.003) and triglyceride (WMD: -6.18 mg/dL, 95% CI: -11.67, -0.69 mg/dL; = 0.027) while increase HDL cholesterol (WMD: 11.49 mg/dL, 95% CI: 7.43, 15.55 mg/dL; < 0.001) concentrations. Purified anthocyanins also markedly decreased circulating tumor necrosis factor alpha (WMD: -1.62 pg/mL, 95% CI: -2.76, -0.48 pg/mL; = 0.005) and C-reactive protein (WMD: -0.028 mg/dL, 95% CI: -0.050, -0.005 mg/dL; = 0.014). Besides, administration of anthocyanin-rich berries could significantly lower blood total cholesterol (WMD: -4.48 mg/dL, 95% CI: -8.94, -0.02 mg/dL; = 0.049) and C-reactive protein (WMD: -0.046 mg/dL, 95% CI: -0.070, -0.022 mg/dL; < 0.001). Neither purified anthocyanins nor anthocyanin-rich berries could cause any substantial improvements in BMI, blood pressure, or flow-mediated dilation. In addition, meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies suggested that high dietary anthocyanins were related to lower risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) (relative risk (): 0.83, 95% CI: 0.72, 0.95; = 0.009), total CVD incidence (: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.55, 0.97; = 0.030), and total CVD deaths (: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.87, 0.96; < 0.001). Habitual intake of anthocyanins and anthocyanin-rich berries could protect against CVDs possibly improving blood lipid profiles and decreasing circulating proinflammatory cytokines. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO, identifier: CRD42020208782.
PubMed: 34977111
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.747884 -
Pharmacological Research Dec 2021With the coming of the era of the aging population, hypertension has become a global health burden to be dealt with. Although there are multiple drugs and procedures to...
With the coming of the era of the aging population, hypertension has become a global health burden to be dealt with. Although there are multiple drugs and procedures to control the symptoms of hypertension, the management of it is still a long-term process, and the side effects of conventional drugs pose a burden on patients. Flavonoids, common compounds found in fruits and vegetables as secondary metabolites, are active components in Chinese Herbal Medicine. The flavonoids are proved to have cardiovascular benefits based on a plethora of animal experiments over the last decade. Thus, the flavonoids or flavonoid-rich plant extracts endowed with anti-hypertension activities and probable mechanisms were reviewed. It has been found that flavonoids may affect blood pressure in various ways. Moreover, despite the substantial evidence of the potential for flavonoids in the control of hypertension, it is not sufficient to support the clinical application of flavonoids as an adjuvant or core drug. So the synergistic effects of flavonoids with other drugs, pharmacokinetic studies, clinical trials and the safety of flavonoids are also incorporated in the discussion. It is believed that more breakthrough studies are needed. Overall, this review may shed some new light on the explicit recognition of the mechanisms of anti-hypertension actions of flavonoids, pointing out the limitations of relevant research at the current stage and the aspects that should be strengthened in future researches.
Topics: Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Flavonoids; Humans; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Phytotherapy
PubMed: 34601080
DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105919