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The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging May 2024Masticatory function is associated with a variety of health outcomes. The aim of this systematic review is to clarify the predictive value of masticatory function for... (Review)
Review
Masticatory function is associated with a variety of health outcomes. The aim of this systematic review is to clarify the predictive value of masticatory function for adverse health outcomes, such as frailty, sarcopenia and malnutrition, in older adults. An online literature search covered articles published in English or Dutch in three databases (PubMed, Embase and CINAHL, last searched November 4th 2022). Inclusion criteria were: an observational study design, focus on adults aged ≥65 years and evaluation of the association between masticatory function and health outcomes. Reviews and articles published before the year 2000 were excluded. Methodological quality and risk of bias were assessed using the Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies of the U.S. National Institutes of Health. Study population demographics, methods for assessing masticatory function, and the association between masticatory function and adverse health outcomes were extracted. From the 34 included studies, 5 studies had a prospective design, 2 had a retrospective design, and the other 27 studies had cross-sectional design. The majority of the studies were conducted in Japan (74%, n = 26). Twenty studies (59%) used one indicator for masticatory function, the other 41% used two (n = 9) or more (n = 5) indicators. Masticatory function was most frequently assessed with the maximum occlusal force (MOF) (79%, n = 27). The identified health outcomes were clustered into 6 categories: physical parameters and sarcopenia, history of falling, nutritional status, frailty, cognitive function and mortality. Despite the complex and multidimensional character of both masticatory function and most identified adverse health outcomes, some significant associations were reported. Prospective studies showed that reduced masticatory function in older adults is associated with incidence of frailty and frailty progression, cognitive decline and all-cause mortality. Regarding the other identified adverse health outcomes, i.e., physical measures and sarcopenia, history of falling and nutritional status, only cross-sectional studies were available and results were less concordant. As all prospective studies showed that reduced masticatory function in older adults is associated with adverse health outcomes, prevention of decline of masticatory function by adequate oral care may contribute to healthy ageing.
Topics: Humans; Mastication; Aged; Frailty; Sarcopenia; Malnutrition; Aged, 80 and over; Geriatric Assessment; Female; Male; Predictive Value of Tests; Cross-Sectional Studies; Nutritional Status
PubMed: 38489994
DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100210 -
Frontiers in Neurology 2024To review the clinical characteristics and effect of treatment in patients with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) and three copies of the gene.
The impact of three gene copies on clinical characteristics and effect of disease-modifying treatment in patients with spinal muscular atrophy: a systematic literature review.
OBJECTIVE
To review the clinical characteristics and effect of treatment in patients with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) and three copies of the gene.
METHODS
We conducted a literature search in October 2022 to identify English-language clinical research on SMA that included copy number according to PRISMA guidelines.
RESULTS
Our search identified 44 studies examining the impact of three copies on clinical characteristics (21 on phenotype, 13 on natural history, and 15 on functional status and other signs/symptoms). In children with type I SMA or presymptomatic infants with an deletion, three copies was associated with later symptom onset, slower decline in motor function and longer survival compared with two copies. In patients with SMA type II or III, three copies is associated with earlier symptom onset, loss of ambulation, and ventilator dependence compared with four copies. Eleven studies examined treatment effects with nusinersen (nine studies), onasemnogene abeparvovec (one study), and a range of treatments (one study) in patients with three copies. In presymptomatic infants, early treatment delayed the onset of symptoms and maintained motor function in those with three copies. The impact of copy number on treatment response in symptomatic patients is still unclear.
CONCLUSION
copy number is strongly correlated with SMA phenotype in patients with deletion, while no correlation was found in patients with an mutation. Patients with three copies show a highly variable clinical phenotype. Early initiation of treatment is highly effective in presymptomatic patients with three copies.
PubMed: 38487326
DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1308296 -
Aging Clinical and Experimental Research Mar 2024Individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are prone to malnutrition and sarcopenia as a result of nutritional deficiencies and increased energy... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are prone to malnutrition and sarcopenia as a result of nutritional deficiencies and increased energy metabolism. However, the effects of nutrient supplements (NS) on treating sarcopenia in patients with COPD are not well established from systematic evidence. This meta-analysis examined the effect of NS on sarcopenia in patients with COPD. A systematic search of multiple databases was conducted, and 29 randomized controlled trials involving 1625 participants (age, mean [SD] = 67.9 [7.8] years) were analyzed. NS demonstrated significant improvements in body weight (MD,1.33 kg; 95% CI, 0.60, 2.05 kg; P = 0.0003; I = 87%), fat-free mass index (MD, 0.74 kg/m; 95% CI, 0.21, 1.27 kg/m; P = 0.007; I = 75%), and 6-min walk test (MD, 19.43 m; 95% CI, 4.91, 33.94 m; P = 0.009; I = 81%) compared with control. However, NS had nonsignificant effects on handgrip strength (SMD, 0.36; 95% CI, - 0.15, 0.88; P = 0.16; I = 87%) and quadriceps muscle strength (SMD, 0.11; 95% CI, - 0.06, 0.27; P = 0.20; I = 25%) compared with the control. In conclusion, NS may be an effective treatment for improving body composition and physical performance in COPD. Future studies should explore the effects of intervention durations, specific NS types, or combined training in patients with COPD and sarcopenia.
Topics: Humans; Sarcopenia; Hand Strength; Quality of Life; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Muscle Strength
PubMed: 38483650
DOI: 10.1007/s40520-024-02722-w -
Sexual Medicine Reviews Jun 2024Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is an inflammatory autoimmune condition affecting the exocrine glands, which can adversely affect the sexual activities of women with... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
INTRODUCTION
Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is an inflammatory autoimmune condition affecting the exocrine glands, which can adversely affect the sexual activities of women with pSS.
OBJECTIVES
The study sought to evaluate the performance of the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) score in women with pSS regarding desire, arousal, orgasm, lubrication, satisfaction, and pain compared with those of healthy individuals.
METHODS
A systematic review was conducted by examining studies published up to May 2023 using Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed with the search terms "sexual" and "Sjögren's syndrome."
RESULTS
Out of the 228 articles retrieved, 9 met the criteria for inclusion in this systematic review. Six of these studies were cross-sectional, involving 229 women with pSS and 303 control subjects. Results from the meta-analysis showed that women with pSS had significantly lower scores in all 6 FSFI subdomains and the total FSFI score compared with healthy individuals. Lubrication showed the largest decrease, followed by pain. In addition, women with pSS exhibited significantly higher standardized mean differences in depression and in anxiety, as assessed by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, when compared with control subjects.
CONCLUSION
This updated meta-analysis underscores the importance of assessing genitourinary atrophy, disease-related psychological changes, and dyspareunia in women with pSS. It also emphasizes the need for customized therapeutic approaches to address these sexual dysfunctions effectively.
Topics: Humans; Sjogren's Syndrome; Female; Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological; Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological
PubMed: 38481023
DOI: 10.1093/sxmrev/qeae009 -
Nutrients Feb 2024The changes in body composition during androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in patients suffering from prostate cancer (PCa) are recognized by professionals more often as... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The changes in body composition during androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in patients suffering from prostate cancer (PCa) are recognized by professionals more often as biomarker for effective treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of ADT on the sarcopenia development in PCa. The following databases were used: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Scopus databases. Out of 2183 studies, 7 were included in this review. The fixed-effect model was used in the meta-analysis. A significant increase in SATI (Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Index) of 0.32 (95% CI: 0.13-0.51) = 0.001, decrease in SMI (Skeletal Muscle Index) of -0.38 (95% CI: -0.57 to -0.19) < 0.0001, and SMD (Skeletal Muscle Density) of -0.46 (95% CI: -0.69 to -0.24) < 0.0001 were observed. No statistical association was visible between ADT and changes in BMI (Body Mass Index), 0.05 (95% CI: -0.18-0.28), = 0.686, and VATI (Visceral Adipose Tissue Index): 0.17 (95% CI: -0.02 to 0.37), = 0.074. In conclusion, the ADT significantly contributes to the body composition changes and sarcopenia development.
Topics: Male; Humans; Sarcopenia; Prostatic Neoplasms; Androgen Antagonists; Androgens; Muscle, Skeletal
PubMed: 38474784
DOI: 10.3390/nu16050656 -
International Journal of Molecular... Feb 2024Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is a genetic disorder characterized by the progressive fibro-fatty replacement of the right ventricular... (Review)
Review
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is a genetic disorder characterized by the progressive fibro-fatty replacement of the right ventricular myocardium, leading to myocardial atrophy. Although the structural changes usually affect the right ventricle, the pathology may also manifest with either isolated left ventricular myocardium or biventricular involvement. As ARVC shows an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance with variable penetrance, the clinical presentation of the disease is highly heterogeneous, with different degrees of severity and patterns of myocardial involvement even in patients of the same familiar group with the same gene mutation: the pathology spectrum ranges from the absence of symptoms to sudden cardiac death (SCD) sustained by ventricular arrhythmias, which may, in some cases, be the first manifestation of an otherwise silent pathology. An evidence-based systematic review of the literature was conducted to evaluate the state of the art of the diagnostic techniques for the correct post-mortem identification of ARVC. The research was performed using the electronic databases PubMed and Scopus. A methodological approach to reach a correct post-mortem diagnosis of ARVC was described, analyzing the main post-mortem peculiar macroscopic, microscopic and radiological alterations. In addition, the importance of performing post-mortem genetic tests has been underlined, which may lead to the correct identification and characterization of the disease, especially in those ARVC forms where anatomopathological investigation does not show evident morphostructural damage. Furthermore, the usefulness of genetic testing is not exclusively limited to the correct diagnosis of the pathology, but is essential for promoting targeted screening programs to the deceased's family members. Nowadays, the post-mortem diagnosis of ARVC performed by forensic pathologist remains very challenging: therefore, the identification of a clear methodological approach may lead to both a reduction in under-diagnoses and to the improvement of knowledge on the disease.
Topics: Humans; Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia; Autopsy; Myocardium; Databases, Factual; Death, Sudden, Cardiac
PubMed: 38473714
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052467 -
Sports Medicine and Health Science Mar 2024Decreased mechanical loading after orthopaedic surgery predisposes patients to develop muscle atrophy. The purpose of this review was to assess whether the evidence... (Review)
Review
Decreased mechanical loading after orthopaedic surgery predisposes patients to develop muscle atrophy. The purpose of this review was to assess whether the evidence supports oral protein supplementation can help decrease postoperative muscle atrophy and/or improve patient outcomes following orthopaedic surgery. A systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). PubMed (MEDLINE), Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched for randomized controlled trials that assessed protein or amino acid supplementation in patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery. Two investigators independently conducted the search using relevant Boolean operations. Primary outcomes included functional or physiologic measures of muscle atrophy or strength. Fourteen studies including 611 patients (224 males, 387 females) were analyzed. Three studies evaluated protein supplementation after ACL reconstruction (ACLR), 3 after total hip arthroplasty (THA), 5 after total knee arthroplasty (TKA), and 3 after surgical treatment of hip fracture. Protein supplementation showed beneficial effects across all types of surgery. The primary benefit was a decrease in muscle atrophy compared to placebo as measured by muscle cross sectional area. Multiple authors also demonstrated improved functional measures and quicker achievement of rehabilitation benchmarks. Protein supplementation has beneficial effects on mitigating muscle atrophy in the postoperative period following ACLR, THA, TKA, and surgical treatment of hip fracture. These effects often correlate with improved functional measures and quicker achievement of rehabilitation benchmarks. Further research is needed to evaluate long-term effects of protein supplementation and to establish standardized population-specific regimens that maximize treatment efficacy in the postoperative period.
PubMed: 38463662
DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2023.08.002 -
Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics Jul 2024Loss of muscle mass, muscle strength, and/or physical performance due to aging is known as sarcopenia. Regardless of how serious this illness is, no single diagnostic... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Loss of muscle mass, muscle strength, and/or physical performance due to aging is known as sarcopenia. Regardless of how serious this illness is, no single diagnostic criteria have been established. Much research conducted recently has demonstrated differences between built environment characteristics (i.e., urban and rural) and the occurrence of sarcopenia; however, variations in sarcopenia prevalence in urban-rural areas around the world have been reported by fewer studies. This work sought to determine how sarcopenia prevalence varied between urban and rural areas and to explore the associated influencing factors.
METHODS
Using the pertinent MESH phrases and free words, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and China national knowledge infrastructure databases were scanned for core sarcopenia literature up to February 26, 2023. Observational studies involving urban-rural patients with sarcopenia published in Chinese and English, and assessing muscle mass via computed tomography, bioelectrical impedance, or dual-energy X-ray absorption techniques were considered as inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis involved analysis of the urban-rural prevalence in subgroups by diagnostic criteria, tools for assessing muscle mass and study type, as well as the factors related to urban-rural differences in the occurrence of sarcopenia. STATA version 11.0 was used to perform the statistical analysis.
RESULTS
Sixty-six articles involving 433,091 participants were included for analysis: of which 27 were analyzed for both prevalence and related factors whereas 39 were for only prevalence. The meta-analysis revealed the prevalence of sarcopenia to be 0.18 (95 % CI 0.14-0.22), with significant heterogeneity (P < 0.001; I = 99.9 %). Moreover, the prevalence of sarcopenia in urban group [0.16 (I = 99.9 %, 95 % CI 0.1-0.22)] was lower than in rural group [0.2 (I = 99.6 %, 95 % CI 0.16-0.25)] and urban-rural group [0.21 (I = 97.5 %, 95 % CI 0.16-0.25)]. Besides, the factors significantly associated with sarcopenia in urban-rural areas were age, gender, BMI, malnutrition, physical activity, and polypharmacy. There was significant heterogeneity between these factors and the association of sarcopenia.
CONCLUSIONS
Sarcopenia is associated with aspects of the built environment, and studies have revealed that sarcopenia is more common in rural than in urban populations with influencing factors including age, gender, BMI, poor nutrition, insufficient physical activity, and polypharmacy. The lack of uniform diagnostic criteria makes a robust and comprehensive assessment difficult. Therefore, the formation of certain universal and standardized diagnostic criteria will help future research on sarcopenia.
Topics: Humans; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Rural Population; Sarcopenia; Urban Population
PubMed: 38460267
DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2024.105390 -
BMJ Open Mar 2024This review aims to provide an estimate of sarcopenia prevalence and its impact on clinical characteristics in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
This review aims to provide an estimate of sarcopenia prevalence and its impact on clinical characteristics in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc).
DESIGN
Systematic review and meta-analysis.
DATA SOURCES
Embase, Medline, Web of Science and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were systemically searched from inception to 24 May 2023.
ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES
We included observational studies that reported the prevalence of sarcopenia in patients with SSc.
DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS
Two reviewers independently performed study selection and data extraction using standardised methods. Risk of bias was assessed using the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Scale and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Meta-analysis was conducted using random effects models.
RESULTS
A total of 4583 articles were screened and 9 studies with data from 815 patients were included in the analysis (8 cross-sectional studies and 1 retrospective cohort study). The overall prevalence of sarcopenia in patients with SSc was 22% (95% CI 17% to 28%). Patients with SSc with sarcopenia had a poorer quality of life (mean difference -12.02; 95% CI -19.11 to -4.93) and higher C reactive protein (CRP) levels (standardised mean difference 0.67; 95% CI 0.35 to 1.00).
CONCLUSIONS
Sarcopenia is common in patients with SSc. Patients with SSc with sarcopenia had a worse quality of life and higher CRP levels, based on our findings. Given the detrimental impact of sarcopenia on quality of life, future efforts aimed at early identification of sarcopenia in the clinical assessment of patients with SSc may have significance.
PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER
CRD42022368326.
Topics: United States; Humans; Cross-Sectional Studies; Prevalence; Quality of Life; Retrospective Studies; Sarcopenia; Scleroderma, Systemic
PubMed: 38448063
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-078034 -
International Journal of Surgery... Apr 2024
Meta-Analysis
Topics: Sarcopenia; Humans; Postoperative Complications; Treatment Outcome; Surgical Procedures, Operative
PubMed: 38445507
DOI: 10.1097/JS9.0000000000001004