-
Nanotoxicology Apr 2024Amphotericin B (AmB) is a broad-spectrum therapeutic and effective drug, but it has serious side effects of toxicity and solubility. Therefore, reducing its toxicity... (Review)
Review
Amphotericin B (AmB) is a broad-spectrum therapeutic and effective drug, but it has serious side effects of toxicity and solubility. Therefore, reducing its toxicity should be considered in therapeutic applications. Nanotechnology has paved the way to improve drug delivery systems and reduce toxicity. The present study, for the first time, comprehensively reviews the studies from 2011 to 2023 on reducing the toxicity of AmB. The findings showed that loading AmB with micellar structures, nanostructured lipid carriers, liposomes, emulsions, poly lactide-co-glycolide acid, chitosan, dendrimers, and other polymeric nanoparticles increases the biocompatibility and efficacy of the drug and significantly reduces toxicity. In addition, modified carbon nanoparticles (including graphene, carbon nanotubes, and carbon dots) with positively charged amine groups, PEI, and other components showed favorable drug delivery properties. Uncoated and coated magnetic nanoparticles and silver NPs-AmB composites had less cytotoxicity and more antifungal activity than free AmB. Citrate-reduced GNPs and lipoic acid-functionalized GNPs were also effective nanocarriers to reduce AmB cytotoxicity and improve anti-leishmania efficacy. In addition, zinc oxide-NPs and PEGylated zinc oxide-NPs showed favorable antifungal activity and negligible toxicity. According to a review study, carbon-based nanoparticles, metal nanoparticles, and especially polymer nanoparticles caused some reduction in the toxicity and improved solubility of AmB in water. Overall, considering the discussed nanocarriers, further research on the application of nanotechnology as a cost-effective candidate to improve the efficiency and reduce the cytotoxicity of AmB is recommended.
PubMed: 38646931
DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2024.2340467 -
American Journal of Cancer Research 2023Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the major pathological type of head and neck cancer (HNC). The disease ranks sixth among the most common malignancies... (Review)
Review
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the major pathological type of head and neck cancer (HNC). The disease ranks sixth among the most common malignancies worldwide, with an increasing incidence rate yearly. Despite the development of therapy, the prognosis of HNSCC remains unsatisfactory, which may be attributed to the resistance to traditional radio-chemotherapy, relapse, and metastasis. To improve the diagnosis and treatment, the targeted therapy for HNSCC may be successful as that for some other tumors. Nanocarriers are the most effective system to deliver the anti-cancerous agent at the site of interest using passive or active targeting approaches. The system enhances the drug concentration in HCN target cells, increases retention, and reduces toxicity to normal cells. Among the different techniques in nanotechnology, quantum dots (QDs) possess multiple fluorescent colors emissions under single-source excitation and size-tunable light emission. Dendrimers are the most attractive nanocarriers, which possess the desired properties of drug retention, release, unaffecting by the immune system, blood circulation time enhancing, and cells or organs specific targeting properties. In this review, we have discussed the up-to-date knowledge of the Cancer Stem Cells of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Although a lot of data is available, still much more efforts remain to be made to improve the treatment of HNSCC.
PubMed: 37818051
DOI: No ID Found -
Animal Reproduction Science Oct 2023Cryopreservation is a widely used technique to store spermatozoa for a long time. Some Published articles have identified the cryoprotective effect of nanoparticles on... (Review)
Review
Cryopreservation is a widely used technique to store spermatozoa for a long time. Some Published articles have identified the cryoprotective effect of nanoparticles on sperm quality after the freeze-thaw process, but others have suggested the opposite results. PubMed, ISI Web of Science, and Scopus were systematically searched in animal studies by ("sperm" OR "spermatozoa") AND ("cryopreservation" OR "cooling storage" OR "freezing" OR "thawing") AND ("nanoparticle (lecithin nanoparticle, selenium nanoparticle, zinc nanoparticle, zinc oxide nanoparticle, nanoliposome, solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN), micelle, hydrogel, nanogel, silica nanoparticle, quantum dot, dendrimer, gold (Au) nanoparticle, silver nanoparticle, nanocomposite and mesoporous)"). Among 154 publications, data on sperm quality were extracted from 11 articles. The meta-analysis results demonstrated that nanoparticles had a positive impact on sperm progressive motility (WMD= 9.72, 95 % CI: 4.70, 14.75, p < 0.0001), total motility (WMD= 6.78, 95 % CI: 0.78, 12.78, p = 0.027), viability (WMD= 14.30, 95 % CI: 9.48, 19.13, p < 0.0001) and plasma membrane integrity (WMD = 13.74, 95 % CI: 8.20, 19.29, p < 0.0001). In conclusion, our results indicated the positive effects of nanoparticles as cryoprotectant agents on post-thawed sperm motility, viability, and membrane integrity.
PubMed: 37666048
DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2023.107323 -
Biomolecules Aug 2023Following previously published systematic reviews on the diagnostic use of nanoparticles (NPs), in this manuscript, we report published methods for radiolabeling... (Review)
Review
Following previously published systematic reviews on the diagnostic use of nanoparticles (NPs), in this manuscript, we report published methods for radiolabeling nanoparticles with therapeutic alpha-emitting, beta-emitting, or Auger's electron-emitting isotopes. After analyzing 234 papers, we found that different methods were used with the same isotope and the same type of nanoparticle. The most common type of nanoparticles used are the PLGA and PAMAM nanoparticles, and the most commonly used therapeutic isotope is Lu. Regarding labeling methods, the direct encapsulation of the isotope resulted in the most reliable and reproducible technique. Radiolabeled nanoparticles show promising results in metastatic breast and lung cancer, although this field of research needs more clinical studies, mainly on the comparison of nanoparticles with chemotherapy.
Topics: Dendrimers; Isotope Labeling; Nanomedicine; Nanoparticles; Radioisotopes
PubMed: 37627307
DOI: 10.3390/biom13081241 -
Pharmaceutics Mar 2023Dendrimers are nanoscale-size polymers with a globular structure. They are composed of an internal core and branching dendrons with surface active groups which can be... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Dendrimers are nanoscale-size polymers with a globular structure. They are composed of an internal core and branching dendrons with surface active groups which can be functionalized for medical applications. Different complexes have been developed for imaging and therapeutic purposes. This systematic review aims to summarize the development of newer dendrimers for oncological applications in nuclear medicine.
METHODS
An online literature search was conducted on Pubmed, Scopus, Medline, Cochrane Library, and Web Of Science databases selecting published studies from January 1999 to December 2022. The accepted studies considered the synthesis of dendrimer complexes for oncological nuclear medicine imaging and therapy.
RESULTS
111 articles were identified; 69 articles were excluded because they did not satisfy the selection criteria. Thus, nine duplicate records were removed. The remaining 33 articles were included and selected for quality assessment.
CONCLUSION
Nanomedicine has led researchers to create novel nanocarriers with high affinity for the target. Dendrimers represent feasible imaging probes and therapeutic agents since, through the functionalization of external chemical groups and thanks to the possibility to carry pharmaceuticals, it can be possible to exploit different therapeutic strategies and develop a useful weapon for oncological treatments.
PubMed: 36986728
DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030867 -
Materials (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2021Researchers have developed novel nanocomposites that incorporate additional biomaterials with dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM) in order to reduce secondary... (Review)
Review
Researchers have developed novel nanocomposites that incorporate additional biomaterials with dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM) in order to reduce secondary caries. The aim of this review was to summarize the current literature and assess the synergistic antibacterial and remineralizing effects that may contribute to the prevention of secondary caries. An electronic search was undertaken in MEDLINE using PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane databases. The initial search identified 954 papers. After the removal of duplicates and screening the titles and abstracts, 15 articles were eligible for this review. The amalgamation of 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with DMAHDM resulted in increased antibacterial potency. The addition of nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP) and polyamidoamine dendrimers (PAMAM) resulted in improved remineralization potential. Further clinical studies need to be planned to explore the antibacterial and remineralizing properties of these novel composites for clinical success.
PubMed: 33808198
DOI: 10.3390/ma14071688 -
Current Gene Therapy 2020Ischemic stroke is one of the main causes of mortality in advanced societies. Although gene therapy can be helpful, delivering gene therapy agents is challenging....
Ischemic stroke is one of the main causes of mortality in advanced societies. Although gene therapy can be helpful, delivering gene therapy agents is challenging. Nanotechnology can enhance the potential therapeutic effects and the efficiency of gene therapy for some brain disorders. The present systematic review was conducted based on the PRISMA protocol to investigate the possible therapeutic effects of nanoparticles as the carriers of gene therapy agents in stroke therapy. Relevant keywords were used to search from ISI Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus for relevant publications up to April 24, 2020. The selected articles were assessed using certain scores on the quality of the articles. Data extraction and quality judgment were carried out by the present reviewers. Of 130 articles retrieved, seven met the inclusion criteria and were, therefore, included in the final analysis. The outcome of the reviewing process revealed that depending on the selection of the target genes, stroke gene therapies have acceptable therapeutic consequences. The nanoparticles could be used to carry the gene therapy agents that are efficient targeting in stroke treatment. Also, it appears that the use of nanoparticles such as PEGylation and PAMAM, can be a valuable option to intensify the efficiency and specific targeting of stroke location. In conclusion, due to the inability of brain regeneration and the importance of genes in stroke-related complications, gene therapy seems to be a suitable treatment strategy. The use of suitable nanoparticles for transportation ensures the efficiency and usefulness of this method.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Dendrimers; Disease Models, Animal; Genetic Therapy; Humans; Nanoparticles; Stroke
PubMed: 33045966
DOI: 10.2174/1566523220666201012150130 -
International Journal of Nanomedicine 2020Glioblastoma (GB) is a grade IV astrocytoma that maintains a poor prognosis with respect to current treatment options. Despite major advancements in the fields of...
Glioblastoma (GB) is a grade IV astrocytoma that maintains a poor prognosis with respect to current treatment options. Despite major advancements in the fields of surgery and chemoradiotherapy over the last few decades, the life expectancy for someone with glioblastoma remains virtually unchanged and warrants a new approach for treatment. Poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers are a type of nanomolecule that ranges in size (between 1 and 100 nm) and shape and can offer a new viable solution for the treatment of intracranial tumors, including glioblastoma. Their ability to deliver a variety of therapeutic cargo and penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB), while preserving low cytotoxicity, make them a favorable candidate for further investigation into the treatment of glioblastoma. Here, we present a systematic review of the current advancements in PAMAM dendrimer technology, including the wide spectrum of dendrimer generations formulated, surface modifications, core modifications, and conjugations developed thus far to enhance tumor specificity and tumor penetration for treatment of glioblastoma. Furthermore, we highlight the extensive variety of therapeutics capable of delivery by PAMAM dendrimers for the treatment of glioblastoma, including cytokines, peptides, drugs, siRNAs, miRNAs, and organic polyphenols. While there have been prolific results stemming from aggressive research into the field of dendrimer technology, there remains a nearly inexhaustible amount of questions that remain unanswered. Nevertheless, this technology is rapidly developing and is nearing the cusp of use for aggressive tumor treatment. To that end, we further highlight future prospects in focus as researchers continue developing more optimal vehicles for the delivery of therapeutic cargo.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain Neoplasms; Dendrimers; Drug Delivery Systems; Glioblastoma; Humans
PubMed: 32368055
DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S243155 -
Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 2020Administration of substances directly into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that surrounds the brain and spinal cord is one approach that can circumvent the blood-brain...
Administration of substances directly into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that surrounds the brain and spinal cord is one approach that can circumvent the blood-brain barrier to enable drug delivery to the central nervous system (CNS). However, molecules that have been administered by intrathecal injection, which includes intraventricular, intracisternal, or lumbar locations, encounter new barriers within the subarachnoid space. These barriers include relatively high rates of turnover as CSF clears and potentially inadequate delivery to tissue or cellular targets. Nanomedicine could offer a solution. In contrast to the fate of freely administered drugs, nanomedicine systems can navigate the subarachnoid space to sustain delivery of therapeutic molecules, genes, and imaging agents within the CNS. Some evidence suggests that certain nanomedicine agents can reach the parenchyma following intrathecal administration. Here, we will address the preclinical and clinical use of intrathecal nanomedicine, including nanoparticles, microparticles, dendrimers, micelles, liposomes, polyplexes, and other colloidalal materials that function to alter the distribution of molecules in tissue. Our review forms a foundational understanding of drug delivery to the CSF that can be built upon to better engineer nanomedicine for intrathecal treatment of disease.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Blood-Brain Barrier; Cerebral Ventricles; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Drug Delivery Systems; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Liposomes; Micelles; Nanoparticles; Subarachnoid Space
PubMed: 32142739
DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.02.006 -
Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug... 2017The combination of nanocarriers and biological molecules is of intense interest because of the synergistic properties offered by such newly synthesized composites.... (Review)
Review
The combination of nanocarriers and biological molecules is of intense interest because of the synergistic properties offered by such newly synthesized composites. Heparin conjugated to nanomaterials has recently been investigated for its beneficial chemical and biological properties and its capacity to improve the biocompatibility of nanocarriers, increasing their performance in various biological applications. A variety of recent research combines heparin and nanomaterials for a myriad of uses. For example, heparin has been conjugated to the surface of magnetic and metallic nanoparticles, biodegradable and nondegradable synthetic polymers, nanocomposites, dendrimers, and the like. It has also been incorporated into nanocarriers. There are numerous possibilities for material composites and chemistries that incorporate heparin. These open the door for a range of novel applications, including improving anticoagulant activity, anticancer and antitubercular therapy, tissue engineering, and biosensors. This review examines the different possibilities of heparin-based nanocarriers and their medicinal or biological applications.
Topics: Animals; Drug Delivery Systems; Heparin; Humans; Nanomedicine; Nanoparticles
PubMed: 28322139
DOI: 10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.2017016794