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Odontology Apr 2024The aim of this systematic review (SR) compared the effect of xenogeneic collagen matrix (XCM) vs. connective tissue graft (CTG) for the treatment of multiple gingival... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The aim of this systematic review (SR) compared the effect of xenogeneic collagen matrix (XCM) vs. connective tissue graft (CTG) for the treatment of multiple gingival recession (MGR) Miller Class I and II or Cairo type I. Five databases were searched up to August 2022 for randomized clinical trials (RCTs) comparing the clinical effects of XCM vs. CTG in the treatment of MGR. The random effects model of mean differences was used to determine reduction of gingival recession (GR), gain in keratinized tissue width (KTW), gain in gingival thickness (GT) and gain in clinical attachment level (CAL). The risk ratio was used to complete root coverage (CRC) at 6 and 12 months. 10 RCTs, representing 1095 and 649 GR at 6 and 12 months, respectively, were included in this SR. The meta-analysis showed no statistically significant difference in GR reduction, KTW gain GT gain or CAL gain between groups at 6 months. However, at 12 months of follow-up, differences favoring the control group were observed (p < 0.05). CRC was significantly higher in the CTG group at 6 and 12 months. Regarding dentine hypersensitivity (DH), no statistically significant differences were found between groups at 6 and 12 months of follow-up (p < 0.05). At 12 months, CTG showed significantly superior clinical results in the treatment of MGR: however, this difference was not observed in the decrease of DH.
Topics: Humans; Gingival Recession; Treatment Outcome; Surgical Flaps; Tooth Root; Collagen; Connective Tissue; Gingiva
PubMed: 37898589
DOI: 10.1007/s10266-023-00863-4 -
BMJ Global Health Oct 2023Microarray patches (MAPs) deliver vaccines to the epidermis and the upper dermis, where abundant immune cells reside. There are several potential benefits to using MAPs,... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Microarray patches (MAPs) deliver vaccines to the epidermis and the upper dermis, where abundant immune cells reside. There are several potential benefits to using MAPs, including reduced sharps risk, thermostability, no need for reconstitution, tolerability and self-administration. We aimed to explore and evaluate the immunogenicity, safety, usability and acceptability of MAPs for vaccination.
METHODS
We searched CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Ovid Embase, Ovid MEDLINE and Web of Science from inception to January 2023. Eligibility criteria included all research studies in any language, which examined microarrays or microneedles intended or used for vaccination and explored immunogenicity, safety, usability or acceptability in their findings. Two reviewers conducted title and abstract screening, full-text reviewing and data extraction.
RESULTS
Twenty-two studies were included (quantitative=15, qualitative=2 and mixed methods=5). The risk of bias was mostly low, with two studies at high risk of bias. Four clinical trials were included, three using influenza antigens and one with Japanese encephalitis delivered by MAP. A meta-analysis indicated similar or higher immunogenicity in influenza MAPs compared with needle and syringe (N&S) (standardised mean difference=10.80, 95% CI: 3.51 to 18.08, p<0.00001). There were no significant differences in immune cell function between MAPs and N&S. No serious adverse events were reported in MAPs. Erythema was more common after MAP application than N&S but was brief and well tolerated. Lower pain scores were usually reported after MAP application than N&S. Most studies found MAPs easy to use and highly acceptable among healthcare professionals, laypeople and parents.
CONCLUSION
MAPs for vaccination were safe and well tolerated and evoked similar or enhanced immunogenicity than N&S, but further research is needed. Vaccine uptake may be increased using MAPs due to less pain, enhanced thermostability, layperson and self-administration. MAPs could benefit at-risk groups and low and middle-income countries.
PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER
CRD42022323026.
Topics: Humans; Influenza, Human; Vaccination; Vaccines; Pain
PubMed: 37827725
DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2023-012247 -
Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive &... Nov 2023Acellular dermal matrices (ADMs) are commonly used in prepectoral breast reconstruction. However, ADM is associated with high cost and potentially infection and seroma.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Acellular dermal matrices (ADMs) are commonly used in prepectoral breast reconstruction. However, ADM is associated with high cost and potentially infection and seroma. Comparative studies on prepectoral reconstruction with and without ADM are limited to small, single-institution series. The purpose of this study was to perform a meta-analysis of prepectoral reconstruction with and without ADM. A systematic literature review was performed to identify studies comparing prepectoral reconstruction with and without ADM using PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases. Pooled rates of patient demographics and outcomes were analyzed. Meta-analytic effect size estimates were calculated for reconstructive complications in studies comparing reconstruction with and without ADM. In total, 515 reconstructions from four studies were included. Most cases were nipple-sparing mastectomies and utilized tissue-expander reconstructions. Meta-analysis demonstrated no significant difference in the rate of complications between cohorts with and without ADM. Short-term complications included reconstructive failure (1.2% in ADM cohort and 2.8% in no-ADM), seroma (1.2% and 8.3%, respectively), hematoma (1.2% and 2.1%), infection (4.7% and 4.2%), and mastectomy flap ischemia and/or necrosis (2.4% and 5.2%). Long-term complications included rippling (3.3% in ADM and 5.1% in no-ADM cohorts) and capsular contracture (6.8% and 3.4%, respectively). This meta-analysis demonstrated no difference in the rate of complications between cases with and without ADM. However, the outcomes data from no-ADM reconstruction mostly reflect robust mastectomy flaps. Surgeon discretion as informed by specific clinical scenarios should guide decisions regarding the use of ADM in prepectoral breast reconstruction.
Topics: Humans; Female; Mastectomy; Acellular Dermis; Breast Implantation; Seroma; Breast Neoplasms; Mammaplasty; Breast Implants; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 37793198
DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2023.09.042 -
Clinical Oral Implants Research Sep 2023To review the available literature on the medium- and long-term effects of soft tissue augmentation (STA) at implant sites and to explore the effects of the different... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
To review the available literature on the medium- and long-term effects of soft tissue augmentation (STA) at implant sites and to explore the effects of the different approaches on clinical-, patient-reported, and health-related parameters.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A comprehensive electronic and manual search was performed to identify prospective clinical studies that assessed the medium- and long-term (≥36 months) outcomes following STA, including number of sites maintaining peri-implant health and number of sites developing peri-implant disease, incidence of complications, stability of the clinical, volumetric, and radiographic parameters, and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs).
RESULTS
Fifteen studies were included in the qualitative analysis. STA was performed with either a bilaminar- or an apically positioned flap (APF) approach, in combination with autogenous grafts (free gingival graft [FGG] and connective tissue graft [CTG]) or substitutes (acellular dermal matrix [ADM] and xenogeneic cross-linked collagen matrix [CCM]). An overall high survival rate was observed. Most of the augmented implant sites maintained peri-implant health in the medium and long term, with the incidence of peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis ranging from 0% to 50% and from 0% to 7.14%, respectively. The position of the soft tissue margin following APF + FGG and bilaminar approaches involving CTG or CCM was found to be stable over time. No substantial changes were reported for plaque score/index, bleeding on probing/bleeding index, and probing depth between early time points and following visits. CTG-based STA procedures resulted in a stable or increased dimension of keratinized mucosa width (KMW) and mucosal thickness (MT)/volumetric outcomes over time, when compared with early follow-ups. Most of the included studies described stable marginal bone levels at the grafted implant sites over time. No substantial changes for patient-reported outcomes and professionally assessed esthetic results were reported at different time points.
CONCLUSIONS
Implants that received STA showed overall high survival rate and relatively low incidence of peri-implantitis in the medium and long term. Augmented sites seem to maintain the level of soft tissue margin and marginal bone over time, while non-augmented implants may exhibit apical shift of the soft tissue margin. The overall favorable early outcomes obtained with STA are maintained in the medium and long term, with an increase in KMW and MT that may be expected over time at CTG-augmented sites.
Topics: Humans; Peri-Implantitis; Prospective Studies; Dental Implants; Oral Surgical Procedures; Acellular Dermis
PubMed: 37750532
DOI: 10.1111/clr.14150 -
Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive &... Nov 2023Animal-derived acellular dermal matrices (ADMs) are increasingly being used in prepectoral direct-to-implant (DTI) breast reconstruction. However, the indications and... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Animal-derived acellular dermal matrices (ADMs) are increasingly being used in prepectoral direct-to-implant (DTI) breast reconstruction. However, the indications and complication profile associated with this type of reconstruction remain unclear. This study aimed to perform a systematic review of the available literature on the use of animal-derived ADM in prepectoral DTI breast reconstruction.
METHODS
Three different literature databases, namely, PubMed, Web of Sciences, and Embase were screened using the following keywords: "immediate" AND "pre-pectoral" OR "prepectoral" AND "ADM breast reconstruction." Animal-derived ADM used (porcine - Braxon® and non-Braxon® - and bovine - Surgimend®) anthropometric information, clinical data, and complications profile were considered.
RESULTS
A total of 340 articles were initially identified, of which only 45 articles (5089 patients and 6598 reconstructed breasts) satisfied our inclusion criteria. The most widely used ADM was Braxon® in the context of conservative mastectomies. In most studies, a subcutaneous layer > 1 cm and lack of previous radiotherapy were considered prerequisites for this type of reconstruction. An increased risk of complications was found in smokers, patients who underwent radiation treatment, patients with high breast volumes, and patients with cancers requiring axillary dissection. Data related to the role of diabetes, high body mass index, and breast implant size on surgical outcomes were instead inconcludent. Age was not directly proportional to the complications.
CONCLUSION
The complications associated with different animal-derived ADMs are generally comparable. The profile of patients required for eligibility for this type of reconstruction appears to have been identified and is in line with current recommendations.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Cattle; Swine; Female; Mastectomy; Acellular Dermis; Breast Neoplasms; Mammaplasty; Breast Implantation; Breast Implants; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 37716255
DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2023.08.020 -
Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive &... Nov 2023Most breast reconstructions are implant-based and can be performed either in a one-stage, direct-to-implant or in a two-stage, expander-implant-based reconstruction. The... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Most breast reconstructions are implant-based and can be performed either in a one-stage, direct-to-implant or in a two-stage, expander-implant-based reconstruction. The objective of this systematic review is to compare the safety and patient satisfaction of the two reconstruction approaches.
METHODS
A literature search was conducted on 27 September 2022 using various databases. Studies comparing one-stage and two-stage implant reconstructions and reporting the following outcomes were included: patient satisfaction, aesthetics, complications, and/or costs. Reviews, case reports, or series with less than 20 patients and letters or comments were excluded. Comparisons were made between the one-stage reconstruction with and without acellular dermal matrix (ADM) and two-stage implant-based breast reconstruction groups. The data extracted from all articles were analysed using random-effects meta-analyses.
RESULTS
Of the 1381 records identified, a total of 33 articles were included, representing 21529 patients. There were no significant differences between the one-stage and two-stage groups, except for the costs. The one-stage operation without ADM had lower costs than the two-stage operation without ADM, although the use of an ADM substantially increased the price of the operation to more than a two-stage reconstruction.
DISCUSSION
Equal patient satisfaction, aesthetic outcomes, and complication rates with lower costs justify one-stage breast reconstruction in carefully selected patients. This review shows that there is no evidence-based superior surgical approach. Future research should focus on the costs of the ADM versus an additional stage and patient-reported outcomes.
Topics: Humans; Female; Breast Implants; Breast Implantation; Treatment Outcome; Mastectomy; Mammaplasty; Acellular Dermis; Breast Neoplasms; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 37716248
DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2023.08.021 -
Aesthetic Surgery Journal Dec 2023Capsular contracture is a known complication of breast augmentation and is among the top reasons for revisional breast augmentation procedures. The use of acellular... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Capsular contracture is a known complication of breast augmentation and is among the top reasons for revisional breast augmentation procedures. The use of acellular dermal matrix (ADM) has been shown to reduce the rate of capsular contracture in breast reconstruction and augmentation, theorizing that it acts as a protective barrier between the implant capsule and inflammatory process responsible for capsular contracture. The role of ADM in treatment of capsular contracture has been investigated in numerous studies, with a variety of ADMs.
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review of existing literature on the use of ADM for treatment of capsular contracture in aesthetic breast augmentation patients to investigate differences in efficacy of ADM types.
METHODS
The PubMed, Embase, and CINAHL databases were systematically reviewed for articles pertaining to capsular contracture, acellular dermal matrices, and breast augmentation. Number of patients, type of ADM, Baker grade, follow-up time, complication rate, and capsular contracture rate were recorded from identified articles. Data was pooled from studies to calculate a capsular contracture rate for each ADM type, with a chi-squared test performed for analysis. Identified studies with a comparative group were included in a meta-analysis utilizing risk ratio (RR) to assess the efficacy of ADM.
RESULTS
Nine articles including ADM for treatment of capsular contracture in breast augmentation met criteria for inclusion, with a total of 481 breasts. Strattice was the most commonly utilized ADM (n = 391), followed by AlloDerm (n = 57). There was a statistically significant difference in efficacy of ADM among the studied ADM types (P < .001). AlloDerm, FlexHD, and DermaMatrix had the lowest capsular contracture rates (0%). NeoForm and SurgiMend had the highest capsular contracture rates (each 25%, but with n = 4 and n = 8, respectively). Strattice had a capsular contracture rate of 1.53% in the pooled data, and meta-analysis showed that Strattice reduced the risk of capsular contracture (RR 0.14 [95% CI 0.06, 0.31]) compared with conventional treatment.
CONCLUSIONS
Acellular dermal matrices appear to be effective at treating capsular contracture after breast augmentation while maintaining a low complication rate. Overall capsular contracture rates are low with the use of ADM. There is a statistically significant difference in efficacy among ADM types. Meta-analysis shows that Strattice is effective at reducing the risk of capsular contracture in breast augmentation patients when compared to conventional treatment. Future research, especially in the form of randomized controlled trials, is needed to further investigate the efficacy of various ADMs in the treatment of capsular contracture.
Topics: Humans; Breast Implantation; Acellular Dermis; Mammaplasty; Breast Implants; Contracture; Implant Capsular Contracture; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 37595294
DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjad265 -
Critical Reviews in Biomedical... 2023Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage is a common postoperative complication of neurosurgical procedures, with iatrogenic causes accounting for 16% of CSF leakages. This...
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage is a common postoperative complication of neurosurgical procedures, with iatrogenic causes accounting for 16% of CSF leakages. This complication increases healthcare costs and patient morbidity. The focus of this review is to analyze the rates of CSF leakage of some of the most commonly used xenogeneic and synthetic dural substitutes following surgeries in the infratentorial region of the brain where surgical repair can be most challenging. A systematic literature search was conducted using studies detailing duraplasty procedures performed with nonautologous grafts in the infratentorial region in PubMed. Studies were identified using the following search terms: "posterior fossa" or "infratentorial" were used in combination with "CSF leak," "CSF leakage," "cerebrospinal fluid leakage," "duraplasty" or "dura graft." The outcome of interest was a measure of the prevalence of CSF leakage rates following posterior fossa neurosurgery. Studies that contributed data to this review were published between 2006 and 2021. The dural graft materials utilized included: bovine collagen, acellular dermis, equine collagen, bovine pericardium, collagen matrix, and expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE). The number of subjects in studies on each of these grafts ranged from 6 to 225. CSF leak rates ranged from 0% to 25% with the predominance of studies reporting between 3% and 15%. The studies that utilize bovine collagen, equine collagen, and acellular dermis reported higher CSF leakage rates; whereas studies that utilized ePTFE, bovine pericardium, and collagen matrix reported lower CSF leakage rates. Due to the heterogeneity of methodologies used across these studies, it is difficult to draw a direct correlation between the dural patch products used and CSF leaks. Larger prospective controlled studies that evaluate various products in a head-to-head fashion, using the same methods and animal models, are needed to conclude the relative efficacy of these dural patch products.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Horses; Prospective Studies; Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Neurosurgical Procedures; Collagen
PubMed: 37551907
DOI: 10.1615/CritRevBiomedEng.v51.i2.30 -
Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Mar 2024Implant-based breast reconstruction (IBBR) can be performed using a variety of biological and synthetic meshes. However, there has yet to be a consensus on the optimal... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Implant-based breast reconstruction (IBBR) can be performed using a variety of biological and synthetic meshes. However, there has yet to be a consensus on the optimal mesh. This study investigates the safety and patient satisfaction of using TiLOOP® Bra in IBBR and compares its postoperative complication risk with that of porcine acellular dermal matrix (ADM) and SERAGYN® BR.
METHODS
The literature review was performed via PRISMA criteria, 23 studies met the inclusion criteria for the TiLOOP® Bra review, and 5 studies met the inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis. Patient characteristics and per-breast complications were collected. Data were analyzed using Cochrane RevMan and IBM SPSS.
RESULTS
In 3175 breasts of 2685 patients that underwent IBBR using TiLOOP® Bra, rippling was observed as the most common complication, followed by seroma and capsular contracture. No significant difference in the overall complication rate between pre- and sub-pectoral IBBR using TiLOOP® Bra. However, the meta-analysis showed that the TiLOOP® Bra group had significantly lower odds of implant loss, seroma, wound dehiscence, and the need for reoperation or hospitalization than the ADM group. Additionally, the TiLOOP® Bra group had a significantly lower seroma rate compared to the SERAGYN® BR group, while the other outcome indicators were similar between the two groups.
CONCLUSION
TiLOOP® Bra has become increasingly popular in IBBR in recent years. This review and meta-analysis support the favorable safety profile of TiLOOP® Bra reported in the current literature. The meta-analysis revealed that TiLOOP® Bra has better safety than ADM and a comparable risk of complications compared to SERAGYN® BR. However, as most studies had low levels of evidence, further investigations are necessary.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III
This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
Topics: Animals; Female; Humans; Acellular Dermis; Breast Implantation; Breast Implants; Breast Neoplasms; Mammaplasty; Polypropylenes; Postoperative Complications; Retrospective Studies; Seroma; Surgical Mesh; Swine; Titanium; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 37464216
DOI: 10.1007/s00266-023-03500-1 -
The British Journal of Oral &... Sep 2023Eyelid defects can occur secondary to tumours, trauma, burns, and congenital factors. Among the most challenging aspects of eyelid reconstruction is the rebuilding of a... (Review)
Review
Eyelid defects can occur secondary to tumours, trauma, burns, and congenital factors. Among the most challenging aspects of eyelid reconstruction is the rebuilding of a tarsal substitute due to its delicate and multi-layered tissue composition. Attempts to use biomaterials for posterior lamellar reconstruction are intended to provide an alternative to traditional autograft reconstructions. In this review, we aimed to assess the types of biomaterials used for the reconstruction of the posterior lamella associated with eyelid defects and the associated clinical outcomes. A literature search was conducted on Pubmed, Prospero, Dynamed, DARE, EMBASE, and COCHRANE databases. A total of 15 articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria, and 129 patients with 142 eyelids reconstructed, using artificial grafts, were included in the review. Acellular dermis allograft (AlloDerm®, LifeCell) (n = 49) was the most common artificial graft used. A meta-analysis was performed, which demonstrated a pooled success rate of artificial grafts of 99% (95% CI 96-100, p = 0.05; I = 40%, total complications seen 39% (95% CI 96-100, p = 0.05; I = 40%) and re-operation rates of 5.6% (n = 8). The biomaterials used demonstrated an overall success rate of 99%, which is similar if not greater than that reported with the use of traditional autograft reconstruction techniques, with similar complications and fewer re-operations than autografts. This suggests that clinicians should consider the clinical use of artificial grafts for posterior lamellar reconstruction.
PubMed: 37400344
DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2023.06.001