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Aging Clinical and Experimental Research Jan 2023Centenarians often represent one of the best examples of aging successfully. However, the role of body composition or hydration status assessed with bioelectrical...
BACKGROUND
Centenarians often represent one of the best examples of aging successfully. However, the role of body composition or hydration status assessed with bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is poorly explored in this population. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to better understand the use and the role of BIA for evaluating body composition and hydration status in centenarians.
METHODS
We conducted a systematic review of the literature up to the 1st of May, 2022 for published articles providing data on BIA to evaluate body composition parameters or hydration status in centenarians. Data were summarized descriptively because a meta-analysis was not possible due to the scarcity of available studies.
RESULTS
Among 2222 articles screened, four were eligible including 291 centenarians (mean age: 100.5 years) who were mainly women (88%). In one study, BIA overestimated fat-free mass and underestimated fat mass when compared to deuterium oxide dilution. Another study carried out in Italy including 14 centenarians found a significant correlation between BIA and fat-free mass evaluated using anthropometric tools. In one study, BIA showed a significant agreement with anthropometric measures of fat mass. In the same sample, sarcopenia and dehydration, evaluated with BIA, had a high prevalence.
CONCLUSION
BIA may be used for assessing body composition in centenarians, but research is limited to a few studies suggesting the need of future research in this area.
Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Humans; Female; Male; Centenarians; Electric Impedance; Body Composition; Anthropometry; Aging; Body Mass Index; Absorptiometry, Photon
PubMed: 36287324
DOI: 10.1007/s40520-022-02282-x -
The British Journal of Nutrition May 2021Physical activity questionnaires (PAQ) could be suitable tools in free-living people for measures of physical activity, total and activity energy expenditure (TEE and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Physical activity questionnaires (PAQ) could be suitable tools in free-living people for measures of physical activity, total and activity energy expenditure (TEE and AEE). This meta-analysis was performed to determine valid PAQ for estimating TEE and AEE using doubly labelled water (DLW). We identified data from relevant studies by searching Google Scholar, PubMed and Scopus databases. This revealed thirty-eight studies that had validated PAQ with DLW and reported the mean differences between PAQ and DLW measures of TEE (TEEDLW - TEEPAQ) and AEE (AEEDLW - AEEPAQ). We assessed seventy-eight PAQ consisting of fifty-nine PAQ that assessed TEE and thirty-five PAQ that examined AEE. There was no significant difference between TEEPAQ and TEEDLW with a weighted mean difference of -243·3 and a range of -841·4 to 354·6 kJ/d, and a significant weighted mean difference of AEEDLW - AEE PAQ 414·6 and a range of 78·7-750·5. To determine whether any PAQ was a valid tool for estimating TEE and AEE, we carried out a subgroup analysis by type of PAQ. Only Active-Q, administered in two seasons, and 3-d PA diaries were correlated with TEE by DLW at the population level; however, these two PAQ did not demonstrate an acceptable limit of agreement at individual level. For AEE, no PAQ was correlated with DLW either at the population or at the individual levels. Active-Q and 3-d PA diaries were identified as the only valid PAQ for TEE estimation. Further well-designed studies are needed to verify this result and identify additional valid PAQ.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Basal Metabolism; Child; Deuterium Oxide; Energy Metabolism; Exercise; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Oxygen Isotopes; Surveys and Questionnaires; Young Adult
PubMed: 32718378
DOI: 10.1017/S0007114520003049 -
Nutrition Journal Mar 2018Increasing population lifespan necessitates a greater understanding of nutritional needs in older adults (65 year and over). A synthesis of total energy expenditure in...
BACKGROUND
Increasing population lifespan necessitates a greater understanding of nutritional needs in older adults (65 year and over). A synthesis of total energy expenditure in the older population has not been undertaken and is needed to inform nutritional requirements. We aimed to establish the extent of the international evidence for total energy expenditure (TEE) using doubly-labelled water (DLW) in older adults (65 years and over), report challenges in obtaining primary data, and make recommendations for future data sharing.
METHODS
Four databases were searched to identify eligible studies; original research of any study design where participant level TEE was measured using DLW in participants aged ≥65 years. Once studies were identified for inclusion, authors were contacted where data were not publicly available.
RESULTS
Screening was undertaken of 1223 records; the review of 317 full text papers excluded 170 records. Corresponding or first authors of 147 eligible studies were contacted electronically. Participant level data were publicly available or provided by authors for 45 publications (890 participants aged ≥65 years, with 248 aged ≥80 years). Sixty-seven percent of the DLW data in this population were unavailable due to authors unable to be contacted or declining to participate, or data being irretrievable.
CONCLUSIONS
The lack of data access limits the value of the original research and its contribution to nutrition science. Openly accessible DLW data available through publications or a new international data repository would facilitate greater integration of current research with previous findings and ensure evidence is available to support the needs of the ageing population.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
The protocol was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), registration number CRD42016047549 .
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Deuterium Oxide; Energy Metabolism; Humans; Isotope Labeling; Nutritional Requirements; Oxygen Isotopes; Sensitivity and Specificity; Water
PubMed: 29580255
DOI: 10.1186/s12937-018-0348-8 -
Clinical Nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) Jun 2013Sustainability of hepatic glutathione (GSH) homeostasis is an important cellular defense against oxidative stress. Therefore, knowledge of liver GSH status is important.... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Sustainability of hepatic glutathione (GSH) homeostasis is an important cellular defense against oxidative stress. Therefore, knowledge of liver GSH status is important. However, measurement of plasma GSH and tissue is difficult due to its instability. Alternatively, ophthalmate (OPH), an endogenous tripeptide analog of GSH, has been suggested as a potential indicator to assess GSH depletion.
AIM
To provide an overview of present knowledge with respect to the usefulness of OPH as a biomarker for oxidative stress and hepatic GSH homeostasis.
METHODS
A systematic, computerized search combined with a cross-reference search of the literature described in PubMed (January 1975 to January 2012) was conducted, key words: 'ophthalmate' and 'ophthalmic acid'.
RESULTS
Twenty-two articles were included. Hepatic OPH levels increase inversely proportional to a drop in hepatic GSH in mice with paracetamol (PCM) induced hepatotoxicity. Little is known about the stability of OPH in human plasma. To measure the very low physiological concentrations of plasma OPH, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques can be employed. OPH synthesis can be measured in humans, using stable isotope labeling with a deuterated water ((2)H2O) load.
CONCLUSION
OPH may be a promising biomarker to indicate hepatic glutathione depletion, but the suggested biological pathways need further unraveling.
Topics: Acetaminophen; Animals; Biomarkers; Chromatography, Liquid; Deuterium Oxide; Glutathione; Humans; Liver; Mass Spectrometry; Mice; Oligopeptides; Oxidative Stress
PubMed: 23182341
DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2012.10.008