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Critical Reviews in Food Science and... May 2023Cardiometabolic risk triggers a state of chronic and subclinical inflammation, conferring a higher risk of morbidity and mortality. Thus, minimal processing of foods... (Review)
Review
Cardiometabolic risk triggers a state of chronic and subclinical inflammation, conferring a higher risk of morbidity and mortality. Thus, minimal processing of foods with high nutritional value, in the form of flour, becomes an effective dietary strategy in preventing and treating cardiometabolic risk factors. This systematic review aims to evaluate the evidence on the effect of flour-based food intake on reducing the most common cardiometabolic risk factors. We included all randomized controlled trials published up to April 2023 in the main databases PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. Eleven clinical trials were included. The amount of flour used in the studies ranged from 1.5 g to 36 g/day, and the supplementation period ranged from six weeks to 120 days. Green jackfruit flour, green banana flour, soy flour, flour from rind of the yellow passion fruit, and fenugreek powder demonstrated significant results in improve parameters of glucose homeostasis. Chia flour, green banana flour, soy flour, and fenugreek powder showed improvements in blood pressure measurements. Brazil nut flour and chia flour reduced total cholesterol. Chia flour also increased HDL cholesterol levels. The evidence presented in the current systematic review indicates that flour-derived foods intake is related to improve cardiometabolic risk factors parameters.
PubMed: 37222569
DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2212758 -
Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular... Aug 2023An analysis was conducted to explore the relationship between dietary fibre intake and stroke risk. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
An analysis was conducted to explore the relationship between dietary fibre intake and stroke risk.
METHODS
PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and WanFang and Weipu databases were systematically searched to obtain peer-reviewed literature on the relationship between dietary fibre and stroke risk. The search time was as of 1 April 2023. Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to evaluate the quality of the included studies. The pooled hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using Stata 16.0. The Q test and I statistics were used to evaluate the heterogeneity and sensitivity analysis to explore potential bias. Meta-regression analysis was conducted to explore the relationship between total dietary intake quality and stroke risk.
RESULTS
Sixteen high-quality studies, involving 855,671 subjects, met the inclusion criteria and were involved in the final meta-analysis. The results showed that higher total dietary fibre (HR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.75-0.88), fruit fibre (HR: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.82-0.93), vegetable fibre (HR: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.81-0.89), soluble fibre (HR: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.72-0.93) and insoluble fibre (HR: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.66-0.89) had a positive effect on reducing the risk of stroke. However, cereal fibre (HR: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.81-1.00) was not statistically significant in reducing the risk of stroke. For different stroke types, higher total dietary fibre was associated with ischemic stroke (HR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.79-0.88) and had a similar positive effect but was not found in haemorrhagic stroke (HR: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.80-1.03). Stroke risk decreased with increased total dietary fibre intake (β=-0.006189, P=0.001). No potential bias from the individual study was found from sensitivity analysis.
CONCLUSION
Increasing dietary fibre intake had a positive effect on reducing the risk of stroke. Different dietary fibres have various effects on stroke.
Topics: Humans; Stroke; Dietary Fiber; Hemorrhagic Stroke; Ischemic Stroke; China
PubMed: 37196565
DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2023.107144 -
Diabetes/metabolism Research and Reviews Feb 2024Dysbiosis or imbalance of microbes in the gut has been associated with susceptibility and progression of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). The present systematic review... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Dysbiosis or imbalance of microbes in the gut has been associated with susceptibility and progression of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). The present systematic review and meta-analysis examined the effects of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics on fasting blood glucose (FBG), haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), C-peptide, and insulin requirements in T1DM patients. A systematic search for trials published up to October 2022 was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and the Central Cochrane Library. Random effect models were used to synthesise quantitative data by STATA . After the evaluation of 258 identified entries, five randomised controlled trials (n = 356; mean age = 11.7 years old) were included. The pooled effect size showed that FBG decreased following probiotic supplementation (weighted mean difference = -31.24 mg/dL; 95% confidence interval = -45.65, -16.83; p < 0.001), however, there was no significant improvement in serum HbA1c, C-peptide, and insulin requirements. Probiotic supplementation could be a complementary therapeutic strategy in T1DM. The evidence is limited; therefore, it is crucial to conduct more trials.
Topics: Humans; Child; Synbiotics; Prebiotics; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Glycated Hemoglobin; C-Peptide; Probiotics; Insulin; Insulin, Regular, Human
PubMed: 37183580
DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3655 -
Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins Apr 2024Prebiotics are substrates selectively utilized by host microorganisms conferring a health benefit. The effects of prebiotics on the gut microbiome of individuals with...
Prebiotics are substrates selectively utilized by host microorganisms conferring a health benefit. The effects of prebiotics on the gut microbiome of individuals with inflammatory processes need further investigations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of prebiotics on the gastrointestinal microbiome of individuals with some types of inflammatory conditions. Randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) evaluating the effects of different prebiotics on the gut microbiome were included. A systematic review of the literature including searches in PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Scopus databases was performed until 23 March 2023. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration's criteria. Qualitative data was tabulated to facilitate comparisons and represented in the form of descriptive statistics and summary tables. Thirty trials, ranging from 12 to 135 patients, were included. The most commonly used prebiotic type was inulin-type fructans, and the treatment duration ranged from 1 to 36 weeks. The majority of the trials investigated the gut microbiome using 16 s rRNA gene sequencing on the Illumina Miseq platform. In general, prebiotic therapy exerted positive effects on inflammatory conditions. An increase in Bifidobacterium genus was the most common shift in bacterial composition observed. Within the limits of this systematic review, it can be suggested that prebiotic therapy presents the potential to favorably modulate the gastrointestinal microbiome of individuals with different types of inflammatory conditions.
Topics: Humans; Prebiotics; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Inulin; Fructans
PubMed: 37093515
DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10075-5 -
European Journal of Pediatrics Jul 2023Dietary therapies are recommended for the treatment of pediatrics with functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPDs), but the comparative effectiveness among them is... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Dietary therapies are recommended for the treatment of pediatrics with functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPDs), but the comparative effectiveness among them is unclear. Therefore, the main aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to compare the effectiveness of differential dietary therapies in pediatrics with functional abdominal pain disorders. We searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases from inception to February 28, 2023. Randomized clinical trials of dietary treatments for pediatric patients with functional abdominal pain disorders were included. The primary outcome was the improvement in abdominal pain. The secondary outcomes were changes in pain intensity and pain frequency. Thirty-one studies after screening 8695 retrieved articles were included, and 29 studies were available for network meta-analysis. Compared with placebo, fiber (RR, 4.86; 95%CI, 1.77 to 13.32; P-score = 0.84), synbiotics (RR, 3.92; 95%CI, 1.65 to 9.28; P-score = 0.75), and probiotics (RR, 2.18; 95%CI, 1.46 to 3.26; P-score = 0.46) had significantly larger effect on the improvement in abdominal pain, the three treatments had larger effect than placebo but statistically insignificant in difference in improving pain frequency and intensity. Similarly, there were no significant differences between the dietary treatments after indirect comparisons of the three outcomes. Conclusion: Fiber supplements, synbiotics, and probiotics were efficacious in improving abdominal pain of FAPDs in children, suggested by very low or low evidence. The evidence of the efficacy of probiotics is more convincing than fiber and synbiotics when sample size and statistical power were considered. No difference in the efficacy of the three treatments. High-quality trials are needed to further investigate the efficacy of dietary interventions. What is Known: • Multiple dietary treatment options are available for functional abdominal pain disorders in the pediatric population, of which the most beneficial one is currently unknown. What is New: • This NMA found very low to low certainty of the evidence suggesting that fiber, synbiotics, and probiotics might be more efficacious in improving abdominal pain of FAPDs in children than the other dietary treatments. • There were no significant differences between active dietary treatments for changes in abdominal pain intensity.
Topics: Humans; Child; Network Meta-Analysis; Probiotics; Synbiotics; Abdominal Pain
PubMed: 37071174
DOI: 10.1007/s00431-023-04979-1 -
Food & Nutrition Research 2023While dietary fiber intake is low in many children, the current trend to plant-based diets is associated with higher fiber intake in children raised on these diets. As... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
While dietary fiber intake is low in many children, the current trend to plant-based diets is associated with higher fiber intake in children raised on these diets. As older reports indicate that diets providing high fiber intake in children 0-5 years may affect growth, iron status and bowel function, we summarized the available evidence in this systematic review.
OBJECTIVE
To identify, critically appraise, and synthesize evidence on the effect of high fiber intake on growth, iron and bowel function in children 0-5 years, with relevance to the Nordic and Baltic countries.
METHODS
Following a pre-registered protocol, we searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central of Controlled Trials, and Scopus for clinical trials and prospective cohort studies published until November 2021. Two reviewers independently screened retrieved literature, extracted relevant data, and performed risk of bias assessment. Outcomes were growth, iron metabolism and bowel function in children 0-5 years. We narratively described findings from studies that met inclusion criteria.
RESULTS
From 5,644 identified records, five articles met the inclusion criteria. Two RCTs had an overall moderate risk of bias, while the three observational studies had serious risk. Overall, we found no robust association between high intake of dietary fiber and growth. In the RCTs, higher intake of fiber had a positive effect on bowel movements and constipation. No studies on fiber intake and iron status were identified.The certainty of the overall evidence was inconclusive for growth and bowel function, while no assessment was made for iron status.
CONCLUSION
We found no clear association between high intake of dietary fiber and growth or bowel function in young children living in affluent countries, albeit with only a limited number of studies. There is a lack of studies investigating health effects of high fiber intake in small children.
PubMed: 37050923
DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v67.9011 -
Nutrition Reviews Nov 2023A bidirectional relationship between gut microbiota (GM) and circadian rhythms has been proposed. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
CONTEXT
A bidirectional relationship between gut microbiota (GM) and circadian rhythms has been proposed.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to analyze the efficacy of probiotic or prebiotic intervention on sleep quality and quantity.
DATA SOURCES
A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted using the databases PubMed (MEDLINE), Embase, CINAHL, and Web of Science. Only randomized clinical trials written in English or Spanish were considered.
DATA EXTRACTION
The initial search resulted in 219 articles. Following the removal of duplicates and consideration of the selection criteria, 25 articles were selected for the systematic review and 18 articles for the meta-analysis.
DATA ANALYSIS
Microbiota modulation was not demonstrated to be associated with significant improvement in sleep quality in the present meta-analysis (P = 0.31). In terms of sleep duration, the meta-analysis found no improvement due to GM modulation (P = 0.43).
CONCLUSION
The results of this meta-analysis indicate that there is still insufficient evidence to support the relationship between GM modulation and improved sleep quality. While several studies assume that including probiotics in the diet will undoubtedly improve sleep quality, more research is needed to fully understand this phenomenon.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
PROSPERO registration no. CRD42021245118.
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Probiotics; Prebiotics; Microbiota; Sleep
PubMed: 37023468
DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad027 -
Frontiers in Nutrition 2023Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the supporting structures of a tooth in the oral cavity. The relationship between dietary fiber and... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the supporting structures of a tooth in the oral cavity. The relationship between dietary fiber and periodontitis is poorly understood. The objective of this systematic review is to investigate if an intake of dietary fiber modulates periodontal disease in animal models and any concomitant effects on systemic inflammation, microbiota and their metabolites.
METHODS
Animal studies using periodontitis models with any form of fiber intervention were included. Studies with comorbidities that were mutually inclusive with periodontitis and animals with physiological conditions were excluded. Search strategy with MeSH and free-text search terms were finalized and performed on the 22nd of September 2021.CINAHL Complete, EMBASE, MEDLINE, SciVerse Scopus® and Web of Science Core Collection databases were used to identify studies. SYRCLE's risk of bias tool and CAMARADES were used for quality assessment. Results were synthesized utilizing Covidence© web-based platform software to remove duplicates, and the remaining studies were manually filtered.
RESULTS
A total of 7,141 articles were retrieved from all databases. Out of 24 full-text articles assessed for eligibility, four studies ( = 4) were included. Four studies involved the use of -(1,3/1,6)-glucan ( = 3) and mannan oligosaccharide ( = 1) at differing dosages for different study durations. All studies utilized a ligature-induced model of periodontitis in rats, either Wistar ( = 3) or Sprague-Dawley ( = 1). A dose-dependent relationship between the increased fiber intake and decrease in alveolar bone loss and pro-inflammatory markers was observed.
CONCLUSION
The number of included studies is limited and narrow in scope. They highlight the importance of pre-clinical trials in this field with broader dietary fiber intervention groups before proceeding to clinical trials. The use of dietary fiber as an intervention shows promise in the reduction of inflammatory conditions like periodontitis. However, further research is required to delineate the relationship between diet and its effects on microbiota and their metabolites such as short chain fatty acids in animal models of periodontitis.
PubMed: 36998913
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1130153 -
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition Aug 2023Celiac Disease (CD) continues to require a strict lifetime gluten-free diet (GFD) to maintain healthy status. Many studies have assessed the GFD nutritional adequacy in... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Celiac Disease (CD) continues to require a strict lifetime gluten-free diet (GFD) to maintain healthy status. Many studies have assessed the GFD nutritional adequacy in their cohorts, but an overall picture in adults and children would offer a lifetime vision to identify actionable areas of change. We aimed at assessing the nutrient intakes of adult and pediatric CD patients following a GFD diet and identifying potential areas of improvement. Systematic review was carried out across PubMed, Scopus and Scholar up to October 2022, including full-text studies that assessed the nutrient intakes of CD patients on GFD, in terms of macro- and/or micronutrients (absolute or percentage daily average). Random-effect meta-analysis and univariable meta-regression were applied to obtain pooled estimates for proportions and influencing variables on the outcome, respectively. Thirty-eight studies with a total of 2114 patients were included. Overall, the daily energy intake was 1995 (CI 1884-2106) Kcal with 47.8% (CI 45.7-49.8%) from carbohydrates, 15.5% (CI 14.8-16.2%) from proteins, and 35.8% (CI 34.5-37.0%) from fats. Of total fats, 13.2% (CI 12.4-14.0%) were saturated fats. Teenagers had the highest consumption of fats (94.9, CI 54.8-134.9 g/day), and adults presented insufficient dietary fiber intake (18.9 g, CI 16.5-21.4 g). Calcium, magnesium, and iron intakes were particularly insufficient in adolescence, whereas vitamin D was insufficient in all age groups. In conclusion, GFD may expose CD patients to high fat and low essential micronutrient intakes. Given GFD is a lifelong therapy, to prevent the occurrence of diseases (e.g. cardiovascular or bone disorders) dietary intakes need to be assessed on long-term follow-ups.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Humans; Adult; Celiac Disease; Diet, Gluten-Free; Eating; Nutritional Status; Dietary Fats
PubMed: 36859658
DOI: 10.1038/s41430-023-01280-0 -
Current Medicinal Chemistry 2024Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) has a structure similar to whole grains and contains phytochemicals and dietary fiber. Hence, it is considered a food substance with a high...
BACKGROUND
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) has a structure similar to whole grains and contains phytochemicals and dietary fiber. Hence, it is considered a food substance with a high nutritional value.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of the present study was to assess the efficacy of quinoa in reducing fasting blood glucose (FBG), body weight (BW), and body mass index (BMI) in a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.
METHODS
A comprehensive search in ISI Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed databases as well as Google Scholar, was conducted up to November 2022 to identify reports of randomized clinical trials that investigated the effect of quinoa on FBG, BW, and BMI.
RESULTS
Seven trials comprising 258 adults with mean ages of 31 to 64 years were included in this review. Studies used 15 to 50 grams of quinoa/per day as an intervention, and the intervention was between 28 to 180 days. In a dose-response analysis of FBG, there was significant evidence of a nonlinear association between intervention and FBG based on the quadratic model (P-value for nonlinearity = 0.027); hence, the slope of the curve increased when quinoa intake was nearly 25 g/- day. In comparison between quinoa seed supplementation and placebo, our findings showed that quinoa seed supplementation did not have a significant effect on BMI (MD: -0.25; 95% CI: -0.98, 0.47; I=0%, P = 0.998) and BW (MD: -0.54; 95% CI: -3.05, 1.97; I=0%, P = 0.99), when compared with placebo. Evidence of publication bias was not found among the included studies.
CONCLUSION
The present analysis revealed the beneficial effects of quinoa on the blood glucose level. Further studies on quinoa are needed to confirm these results.
PubMed: 36847233
DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230227151852