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Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County,... Aug 2024Chronic wounds are characterized by prolonged non-healing, significantly affecting patients' quality of life. Oral formulas may enhance the wound healing process and... (Review)
Review
Chronic wounds are characterized by prolonged non-healing, significantly affecting patients' quality of life. Oral formulas may enhance the wound healing process and contribute to cost reduction in care. This review aimed to evaluate the effects of oral nutritional supplementation on chronic wound healing and provide insights into formula characteristics. A comprehensive search across Cinahl, Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science databases yielded nine studies from the past decade involving 741 patients ages 52 to 81.7 across various care settings: hospitals, long-term care facilities, and home care. Primary wound types included pressure injuries (58%), diabetic foot ulcers (40%), and venous ulcers (2%). The intervention duration ranged from 2 to 16 wk, with sample sizes varying from 24 to 270 patients. Notably, four studies reported a reduction in wound area and an increased healing rate with a hypercaloric, hyperproteic formula enriched with zinc and vitamins A, C, and E. However, two studies found no significant differences compared with control groups. Two other studies investigated a combination of arginine, glutamine, and β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate; however, they did not yield significant results, and one study favored a hyperproteic formula instead of a hyperproteic formula with arginine. This review provides evidence supporting the potential of oral nutritional supplementation to enhance the healing process of chronic wounds. Based on our findings, a desirable formula should be characterized by a high calorie and protein content and the inclusion of antioxidant micronutrients, including, but not limited to, vitamins A, E, C, and zinc.
Topics: Humans; Wound Healing; Dietary Supplements; Pressure Ulcer; Chronic Disease; Diabetic Foot; Zinc; Varicose Ulcer; Aged; Arginine; Middle Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Valerates; Vitamin A; Glutamine; Vitamin E; Ascorbic Acid; Female; Vitamins; Male; Administration, Oral
PubMed: 38696907
DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2024.112449 -
Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery Apr 2024Postoperative complications pose significant challenges in cardiac surgery and with the evolution of selenium as a potential anti-inflammatory agent, some studies... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
INTRODUCTION
Postoperative complications pose significant challenges in cardiac surgery and with the evolution of selenium as a potential anti-inflammatory agent, some studies reported its inefficiency. Thus, we conducted our meta-analysis to evaluate the impact of selenium supplementation on cardiac surgery patients.
METHODS
Different databases such as PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library from inception till January 2024 were searched identifying a total of seven randomized-controlled trials involving selenium supplementation after cardiac surgery. Risk ratio (RR) and Mean difference (MD) were calculated with a 95% confidence interval (CI).
RESULTS
The selenium intervention significantly raised the incidence of Acute Kidney injury (RR 0.76; 95% CI: 0.59, 0.98; P = 0.04) while significantly reducing the duration of hospital stay (MD -1.33; 95% CI: -2.51, -0.16; P = 0.03) and postoperative CRP levels (SMD -0.18; 95% CI: -0.34, -0.02; P = 0.03). The effect of selenium intervention on days spent in ICU (MD -0.01; 95% CI: -0.28, 0.25; P = 0.92), mortality (RR 1.07; 95% CI: 0.84, 1.37; P = 0.57) and incidence of hospital acquired infections (RR 0.98; 95% CI: 0.76, 1.26; P = 0.88) is insignificant.
CONCLUSION
Selenium supplementation did not significantly reduce major postoperative complications in cardiac surgery patients. However, its ability to modulate inflammation, as reflected in decreased C-reactive protein levels, highlights its potential role in managing the inflammatory response. Future investigations should focus on optimized selenium supplementation strategies in conjunction with other antioxidants to enhance its benefits.
Topics: Humans; Cardiac Surgical Procedures; Dietary Supplements; Length of Stay; Postoperative Complications; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Selenium
PubMed: 38659018
DOI: 10.1186/s13019-024-02761-4 -
Nutrition & Diabetes Apr 2024The beneficial effects of folate have been observed under different conditions, but the available evidence on inflammation and reduction of cardiovascular disease (CVD)... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
The beneficial effects of folate have been observed under different conditions, but the available evidence on inflammation and reduction of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is limited. The study aimed to explore the effects of folate on inflammation and homocysteine amongst individuals with T2DM.
METHODS
PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library were used to search for evidence. A random-effect model meta-analysis through Review Manager (version 5.4) and metaHun was performed. Results were reported as standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals graphically using forest and funnel plots.
RESULTS
Data from 9 trials with 426 patients living with T2DM were analyzed. Folic acid supplementation significantly revealed a large effect size on homocysteine levels compared to placebo, SMD = -1.53, 95%CI (-2.14,-0.93), p < 0.05. Additionally, we observed a medium marginal effect size on C-reactive protein (SMD = -0.68, 95%CI (-1.34, -0.01), p = 0.05). However, no significant effect on tumor necrosis factor-α (SMD = -0.86, 95%CI (-2.65, 0.93), p = 0.34), and interleukin-6 (SMD = -0.04, 95%CI (-1.08, 1.01), p = 0.95) was observed.
CONCLUSION
Evidence analyzed in this study suggests that folic acid supplementation in T2DM reduces homocysteine and may mitigate CVDs. However, its effect on inflammation is inconclusive.
Topics: Humans; C-Reactive Protein; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dietary Supplements; Folic Acid; Homocysteine; Inflammation; Interleukin-6; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
PubMed: 38649347
DOI: 10.1038/s41387-024-00282-6 -
Annals of Nutrition & Metabolism Apr 2024Data on the prevalence of malnutrition and nutrient intakes among Indonesian older aduls in institutionalized care setting are scattered and scarce. Thus, we conducted a...
INTRODUCTION
Data on the prevalence of malnutrition and nutrient intakes among Indonesian older aduls in institutionalized care setting are scattered and scarce. Thus, we conducted a systematic review of published and grey literature to estimate (1) the prevalence of malnutrition, (2) the level and distribution of habitual energy and nutrient intakes, and (3) the prevalence of inadequacy of energy and nutrient intakes among hospitalized and institutionalized older adults in Indonesia.
METHODS
This systematic review was written following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) checklist. The population of this review was Indonesian older adults in institutionalized care settings, including hospital ward, orphanages, nursing homes, residential facilities, and rehabilitation centers . Malnutrition was assessed using body mass index, the mini nutritional assessment (MNA) score, or the subjective global assessment (SGA) score. The dietary intakes (from food recalls, food records, or food frequency questionnaire) were compared with the Indonesian recommended daily allowances (RDAs) for people aged 65 to 80. The prevalence of inadequacy was calculated using two-thirds of the RDA as a proxy for the estimated average requirement (EAR).
RESULTS
The search yielded 330 studies from electronic databases, resulting in fifteen eligible studies. One report was obtained from an unpublished study. Based on the JBI criteria, most studies had low risk of bias and represented the target population. The prevalence of malnutrition in hospital, nursing home, and other institutionalized care ranged from 6.5%-48.3% in hospitals and 3.2%-61.0% in other institutionalized care units. In the hospital setting, there was a high prevalence of inadequacies for all nutrients, particularly protein (20%), calcium (more than 90%), and vitamin D intakes (more than 50%). In nursing homes, these proportions were exceptionally high for protein (66%) and calcium and vitamin D intakes (almost 100%).
CONCLUSION
The high risk of malnutrition Indonesian older adults in institutionalized care setting is pronounced, along with poor intakes of macronutrients and micronutrients in both settings.
PubMed: 38636475
DOI: 10.1159/000538790 -
Epilepsy Research May 2024Pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy (PDE-ALDH7A1) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder due to a deficiency of α-aminoadipic semialdehyde dehydrogenase. This study aimed to...
Pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy (PDE-ALDH7A1) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder due to a deficiency of α-aminoadipic semialdehyde dehydrogenase. This study aimed to systematically explore genotypic and phenotypic features and prognostic factors of neonatal-onset PDE. A literature search covering PubMed, Elsevier, and Web of Science was conducted from January 2006 to August 2023. We identified 56 eligible studies involving 169 patients and 334 alleles. The c.1279 G>C variant was the most common variant of neonatal-onset PDE (25.7 %). All patients were treated with pyridoxine; forty patients received dietary intervention therapy. 63.9 % of the patients were completely seizure-free; however, 68.6 % of the patients had neurodevelopmental delays. Additionally, homozygous c.1279 G>C variants were significantly associated with ventriculomegaly, abnormal white matter signal, and cysts (P<0.05). In contrast, homozygous c.1364 T>C was associated with clonic seizure (P=0.031). Pyridoxine used immediately at seizure onset was an independent protective factor for developmental delay (P=0.035; odds ratio [OR]: 3.14). Besides, pyridoxine used early in the neonatal period was a protective factor for language delay (P=0.044; OR: 4.59). In contrast, neonatal respiratory distress (P=0.001; OR: 127.44) and abnormal brain magnetic resonance imaging (P=0.049; OR: 3.64) were risk factors. Prenatal movement abnormality (P=0.041; OR: 20.56) and abnormal white matter signal (P=0.012; OR: 24.30) were risk factors for motor delay. Myoclonic seizure (P=0.023; OR: 7.13) and status epilepticus (P=0.000; OR: 9.93) were risk factors for breakthrough seizures. In conclusion, our study indicated that pyridoxine should be started immediately when unexplained neonatal seizures occur and not later than the neonatal period to prevent poor neurodevelopmental outcomes.
Topics: Humans; Infant, Newborn; Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; Epilepsy; Genotype; Phenotype; Prognosis; Pyridoxine; Seizures
PubMed: 38636407
DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2024.107363 -
High Blood Pressure & Cardiovascular... Mar 2024Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) has gained attention as a potential therapeutic agent for improving endothelial function. Several randomized clinical trials have investigated CoQ10... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
INTRODUCTION
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) has gained attention as a potential therapeutic agent for improving endothelial function. Several randomized clinical trials have investigated CoQ10 supplementation's effect on endothelial function. However, these studies have yielded conflicting results, therefore this systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted.
AIM
This systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to assess the effects of CoQ10 supplementation on endothelial factors.
METHODS
A comprehensive search was done in numerous databases until July 19th, 2023. Quantitative data synthesis was performed using a random-effects model, with weight mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Standard methods were used for the assessment of heterogeneity, meta-regression, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias.
RESULTS
12 studies comprising 489 subjects were included in the meta-analysis. The results demonstrated significant increases in Flow Mediated Dilation (FMD) after CoQ10 supplementation (WMD: 1.45; 95% CI: 0.55 to 2.36; p < 0.02), but there is no increase in Vascular cell adhesion protein (VCAM), and Intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM) following Q10 supplementation (VCAM: SMD: - 0.34; 95% CI: - 0.74 to - 0.06; p < 0.10) (ICAM: SMD: - 0.18; 95% CI: - 0.82 to 0.46; p < 0.57). The sensitivity analysis showed that the effect size was robust in FMD and VCAM. In meta-regression, changes in FMD percent were associated with the dose of supplementation (slope: 0.01; 95% CI: 0.004 to 0.03; p = 0.006).
CONCLUSIONS
CoQ10 supplementation has a positive effect on FMD in a dose-dependent manner. Our findings show that CoQ10 has an effect on FMD after 8 weeks of consumption. Additional research is warranted to establish the relationship between CoQ10 supplementation and endothelial function.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Young Adult; Dietary Supplements; Endothelium, Vascular; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Treatment Outcome; Ubiquinone; Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; Vasodilation
PubMed: 38630421
DOI: 10.1007/s40292-024-00630-8 -
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical... 2024Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of metabolic abnormalities that has a high prevalence worldwide. Apigenin is a flavonoid present in several vegetables and fruits... (Review)
Review
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of metabolic abnormalities that has a high prevalence worldwide. Apigenin is a flavonoid present in several vegetables and fruits and has anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-MetS properties. This study aims to systematically review the effects of apigenin against MetS and the relevant molecular and cellular mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics features, and potential structure-activity relationship. Electronic databases including Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct and Cochrane Library were searched for in vivo, and in vitro, and human studies with the following keywords: "apigenin" and "metabolic syndrome or insulin resistance syndrome", "fatty liver", "hypertension or blood pressure", "diabetes or blood glucose", "dyslipidemia", "heart or cardiovascular " and "obesity" in title/abstract. Data were collected from 2000 until 2021 (up to April). Only papers published in the English language were included. Forty-six full-text articles out of 1016 retrieved papers were reviewed and underwent quality assessment by investigators. Anti-obesity activity of apigenin is mainly through attenuating adipocyte differentiation by suppressing the mitotic clonal expansion and the adipogenesis-related factors. Its anti-diabetic effects can be exerted through inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatase1B expression, maintaining the activity of anti-oxidant enzymes, reducing intracellular ROS production, cellular DNA damage, protein carbonylation, and attenuating β-cell apoptosis. Moreover, apigenin could attenuate dyslipidemia and subsequent atherosclerotic conditions through down-regulating sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBP)-1c, SREBP-2, stearyl-CoA desaturase-1, and 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase. Apigenin as a dietary bioactive compound would be a promising candidate for improving MetS and its components.
PubMed: 38629096
DOI: 10.22038/IJBMS.2024.71539.15558 -
Parent-child correlation in energy and macronutrient intakes: A meta-analysis and systematic review.Food Science & Nutrition Apr 2024In the current study, we aimed to review the evidence from twin and family-based studies that have assessed the familial similarity in intakes of energy and... (Review)
Review
In the current study, we aimed to review the evidence from twin and family-based studies that have assessed the familial similarity in intakes of energy and macronutrients among various parent-child pairs. The online literature databases, including Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus, were searched up to December 2022 to find potentially eligible studies. We converted Pearson's, Spearman's, or intra-class correlation coefficients to z's using Fisher's z transformation to obtain approximate normality and then calculated a mean and standard error (SE) of transformed correlation weighted by the sample sizes in the studies. We reported pooled and 95% CI as our final results in five groups, including parent-child, mother-daughter, mother-son, father-daughter, and father-son. Twenty-one eligible studies were included in this meta-analysis, in which the sample size ranged from 33 and 4310. Our analysis showed that family resemblance in the intake of energy and macronutrients in various parent-offspring pairs was weak to moderate which could be different based on family pairs, nutrients, and studies. The highest similarity in dietary intakes was observed among the mother-daughter pair, which was for carbohydrate and protein intake, respectively. The lowest correlations in dietary intakes were found between mother-son or father-son pairs. Our meta-analysis suggested that family similarity for intakes of energy and macronutrients was not strong in parent-child pairs. The highest correlation in dietary intake was mostly found in mother-daughter pairs. The weak similarities in dietary intake among parent-child pairs indicate the noticeable effect of the environment outside the family on individuals' dietary choices.
PubMed: 38628192
DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3957 -
Phytomedicine : International Journal... Jul 2024Over years, there has been a widespread quest for effective dietary patterns and natural extracts to mitigate prostate cancer risk. However, despite numerous... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Over years, there has been a widespread quest for effective dietary patterns and natural extracts to mitigate prostate cancer risk. However, despite numerous experimental studies conducted on various natural extracts, the evidence substantiating their efficacy remains largely insufficient. This dearth of compelling evidence presents a significant challenge in advocating for their widespread use as preventive measures against prostate cancer.
OBJECTIVE
Our study endeavors to undertake a network meta-analysis to evaluate the influence of natural extracts on prostate cancer.
METHODS
Researchers systematically searched through Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases until December 2023. The main focus was on assessing primary outcomes comprising prostate-specific antigen (PSA), insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). We conducted data analysis utilizing StataMP 15.0 software. Therapeutic effects were ranked based on the probability values derived from Surface Under the Cumulative Ranking curve (SUCRA). Additionally, cluster analysis was employed to assess the impacts of natural extracts on three distinct outcomes.
RESULTS
Following screening procedures, the 28 eligible studies were incorporated, the selected studies encompassed 1,566 prostate cancer patients and evaluated 16 different natural extract treatments. Specifically, 24 trials included PSA indicators, 10 included IGF-1 indicators, and 8 included IGFBP-3 indicators. The findings revealed that, based on the SUCRA values, the combined therapy of silybin with selenium (74%) appears to be the most effective approach for reducing serum PSA levels. Simultaneously, silybin alone (84.6%) stands out as the most promising option for decreasing serum IGF-1 levels. Lastly, concerning IGFBP-3, silybin alone (67.7%) emerges as the optimal choice. Twelve studies provided comprehensive information on adverse drug reactions/events (ADR/ADE), whereas five articles did not report any significant ADR/ADE.
CONCLUSION
The NMA suggests that, compared to placebo, utilizing silybin either alone or in combination with selenium has been shown to enhance therapeutic effects, offering potential benefits to patients with prostate cancer. This study can offer valuable insights for prostate patients considering natural extract treatments. Further evidence is required to confirm the safety profile of these treatments.
Topics: Male; Prostatic Neoplasms; Humans; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3; Network Meta-Analysis; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Plant Extracts; Biological Products
PubMed: 38608596
DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155598 -
Nutrition Research Reviews Apr 2024Restriction of dietary carbohydrates, fat and/or protein is often used to reduce body weight and/or treat (metabolic) diseases. Since diet is a key modulator of the... (Review)
Review
Restriction of dietary carbohydrates, fat and/or protein is often used to reduce body weight and/or treat (metabolic) diseases. Since diet is a key modulator of the human gut microbiome, which plays an important role in health and disease, this review aims to provide an overview of current knowledge of the effects of macronutrient-restricted diets on gut microbial composition and metabolites. A structured search strategy was performed in several databases. After screening for inclusion and exclusion criteria, thirty-six articles could be included. Data are included in the results only when supported by at least three independent studies to enhance the reliability of our conclusions. Low-carbohydrate (<30 energy%) diets tended to induce a decrease in the relative abundance of several health-promoting bacteria, including , as well as a reduction in short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels in faeces. In contrast, low-fat diets (<30 energy%) increased alpha diversity, faecal SCFA levels and abundance of some beneficial bacteria, including There were insufficient data to draw conclusions concerning the effects of low-protein (<10 energy%) diets on gut microbiota. Although the data of included studies unveil possible benefits of low-fat and potential drawbacks of low-carbohydrate diets for human gut microbiota, the diversity in study designs made it difficult to draw firm conclusions. Using a more uniform methodology in design, sample processing and sharing raw sequence data could foster our understanding of the effects of macronutrient restriction on gut microbiota composition and metabolic dynamics relevant to health. This systematic review was registered at https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero as CRD42020156929.
PubMed: 38602133
DOI: 10.1017/S0954422424000131