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The Journal of the Association of... Sep 2023Coronavirus disease 2019's (COVID-19's) wide dissemination casts long-term health jeopardy for millions. Long COVID-19, a lingering multisystem malady, weaves a complex...
Coronavirus disease 2019's (COVID-19's) wide dissemination casts long-term health jeopardy for millions. Long COVID-19, a lingering multisystem malady, weaves a complex array of symptoms. Understanding its full impact requires extensive research over months or years. The pace of recovery remains uncertain, challenging healthcare systems. An evidence-based symphony of medical care and support is urgently needed for long haulers. Understanding long COVID's genesis and advocating for patients is vital. Our comprehension remains limited, prompting a systematic scoping study to explore the existing knowledge and pave the way for future research, illuminating the enigma of "long COVID" and guiding the path towards understanding this relentless condition. How to cite this article: Karuturi S. Long COVID-19: A Systematic Review. J Assoc Physicians India 2023;71(9):82-94.
Topics: Humans; COVID-19; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 38700307
DOI: 10.59556/japi.71.0337 -
Heliyon May 2024Various Digital Agricultural Technologies (DAT) have been developed and implemented around the world. This study aims to estimate the overall adoption rate and identify...
Various Digital Agricultural Technologies (DAT) have been developed and implemented around the world. This study aims to estimate the overall adoption rate and identify the determinant factors for a better adoption perspective after decades of innovation and dissemination. A systematic review was conducted on published studies that reported adoption rates and determinant factors using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol. We used meta-regression and the partial correlation coefficient to estimate the effect size and establish the correlation between socioeconomic characteristics and the adoption of various technologies reported. Fifty-two studies with 32400 participants met the selection criteria and were included in the study. The results revealed an overall pooled adoption rate of 39 %, with the highest adoption rates in developing countries in Africa and South America. Socioeconomic factors such as age, education, gender, and income were found to be the main determinants and should be considered when designing technology for sustainable adoption. The study also found that young farmers were more susceptible to adoption. Moreover, farmers with higher income levels and educational attainment are more likely to use technology linked to agricultural production, market access, and digital advising, implying that high-income farmers with more education are more tech-savvy. However, this does not exclude low-income and low-educated farmers from adopting the technologies, as many models and strategies with socioeconomic considerations were developed. It is one of the reasons behind the underlying enthusiasm for digital agricultural adoption in low and middle-income countries.
PubMed: 38694104
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30210 -
PloS One 2024Significant health disparities exist among American Indian and Alaska Natives (AI/ANs), yet AI/ANs are substantially underrepresented within health-related research,... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Significant health disparities exist among American Indian and Alaska Natives (AI/ANs), yet AI/ANs are substantially underrepresented within health-related research, including randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Although research has previously charted representation inequities, there is however a gap in the literature documenting best practice for recruitment techniques of AI/ANs into RCTs. Therefore, the aim of this review was to systematically gather and analyze the published literature to identify common strategies for AI/AN participant recruitment for RCTs in the US.
METHODS
A scoping review methodology was engaged with a systematic search operationalized within relevant databases to February 19, 2022, with an additional updated search being carried out up until January 1, 2023: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Google Scholar. A two-stage article review process was engaged with double reviewers using Covidence review software. Content analysis was then carried out within the included articles by two reviewers using NVivo software to identify common categories within the data on the topic area.
RESULTS
Our review identified forty-one relevant articles with the main categories of recruitment strategies being: 1) recruitment methods for AI/ANs into RCTs (passive advertising recruitment approaches, individual-level recruitment approaches, relational methods of recruitment); 2) recruitment personnel used within RCTs; and, 3) relevant recruitment setting. The majority of the included studies used a culturally relevant intervention, as well as a community-involved approach to operationalizing the research.
CONCLUSION
Increasing AI/AN representation in RCTs is essential for generating evidence-based interventions that effectively address health disparities and improve health outcomes. Researchers and funding agencies should prioritize the engagement, inclusion, and leadership of AI/AN communities throughout the RCT research process. This includes early community involvement in study design, implementation of culturally tailored recruitment strategies, and dissemination of research findings in formats accessible to AI/AN communities.
Topics: Humans; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Alaska Natives; Patient Selection; American Indian or Alaska Native; Indians, North American
PubMed: 38687762
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302562 -
Trauma Surgery & Acute Care Open 2024Venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis implementation strategies are well-studied in some hospitalized medical and surgical patients. Although VTE is associated with...
INTRODUCTION
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis implementation strategies are well-studied in some hospitalized medical and surgical patients. Although VTE is associated with substantial mortality and morbidity in trauma patients, implementation strategies for the prevention of VTE in trauma appear to be based on limited evidence. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of published literature on active implementation strategies for VTE prophylaxis administration in hospitalized trauma patients and the impact on VTE events.
METHODS
A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed in adult hospitalized trauma patients to assess if active VTE prevention implementation strategies change the proportion of patients who received VTE prophylaxis, VTE events, and adverse effects such as bleeding or heparin-induced thrombocytopenia as well as hospital length of stay and the cost of care. An academic medical librarian searched Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science until December 2022.
RESULTS
Four studies with a total of 1723 patients in the active implementation strategy group (strategies included education, reminders, human and computer alerts, audit and feedback, preprinted orders, and/or root cause analysis) and 1324 in the no active implementation strategy group (guideline creation and dissemination) were included in the analysis. A higher proportion of patients received VTE prophylaxis with an active implementation strategy (OR=2.94, 95% CI (1.68 to 5.15), p<0.01). No significant difference was found in VTE events. Quality was deemed to be low due to bias and inconsistency of studies.
CONCLUSIONS
Active implementation strategies appeared to improve the proportion of major trauma patients who received VTE prophylaxis. Further implementation studies are needed in trauma to determine effective, sustainable strategies for VTE prevention and to assess secondary outcomes such as bleeding and costs.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Systematic review/meta-analysis, level III.
PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER
CRD42023390538.
PubMed: 38686174
DOI: 10.1136/tsaco-2024-001420 -
British Journal of Sports Medicine May 2024To evaluate best practices for neuromuscular training (NMT) injury prevention warm-up programme dissemination and implementation (D&I) in youth team sports, including...
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate best practices for neuromuscular training (NMT) injury prevention warm-up programme dissemination and implementation (D&I) in youth team sports, including characteristics, contextual predictors and D&I strategy effectiveness.
DESIGN
Systematic review.
DATA SOURCES
Seven databases were searched.
ELIGIBILITY
The literature search followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.
INCLUSION CRITERIA
participation in a team sport, ≥70% youth participants (<19 years), D&I outcomes with/without NMT-related D&I strategies. The risk of bias was assessed using the Downs & Black checklist.
RESULTS
Of 8334 identified papers, 68 were included. Sport participants included boys, girls and coaches. Top sports were soccer, basketball and rugby. Study designs included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) (29.4%), cross-sectional (23.5%) and quasi-experimental studies (13.2%). The median Downs & Black score was 14/33. Injury prevention effectiveness (vs efficacy) was rarely (8.3%) prioritised across the RCTs evaluating NMT programmes. Two RCTs (2.9%) used Type 2/3 hybrid approaches to investigate D&I strategies. 19 studies (31.6%) used D&I frameworks/models. Top barriers were time restrictions, lack of buy-in/support and limited benefit awareness. Top facilitators were comprehensive workshops and resource accessibility. Common D&I strategies included Workshops with supplementary Resources (WR; n=24) and Workshops with Resources plus in-season Personnel support (WRP; n=14). WR (70%) and WRP (64%) were similar in potential D&I effect. WR and WRP had similar injury reduction (36-72%) with higher adherence showing greater effectiveness.
CONCLUSIONS
Workshops including supplementary resources supported the success of NMT programme implementation, however, few studies examined effectiveness. High-quality D&I studies are needed to optimise the translation of NMT programmes into routine practice in youth sport.
Topics: Humans; Athletic Injuries; Youth Sports; Warm-Up Exercise; Team Sports; Adolescent; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Physical Conditioning, Human
PubMed: 38684329
DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2023-106906 -
Evidence-based Practice in Child and... 2024Although many prevention and treatment programs exist for children and families, there have been no reviews specifically examining their impact on infant mental health...
Although many prevention and treatment programs exist for children and families, there have been no reviews specifically examining their impact on infant mental health at the program level. Therefore, the purpose of the current review was to a) systematically examine prevention and treatment programs targeting infant mental health outcomes (i.e., internalizing problems, externalizing problems, social-emotional development, trauma) or the parent-infant relationship/ attachment in children from pregnancy to 2 years; b) classify each program by level of empirical support; and c) highlight strengths and identify gaps in the existing literature to inform future mental health intervention science. From over 121,341 publications initially identified, 60 prevention and treatment programs met inclusion criteria for this review. Each program was reviewed for level of scientific evidence. Of the 60 programs reviewed, 29 (48.33%) were classified as promising, while only six (10.0%) were classified as effective. Lastly, only two programs (3.33%; Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-Up and Video-feedback Intervention Parenting Program) were classified as evidence-based specific to infant mental health and/or parent-infant relationship/attachment outcomes. Implications related to disseminating evidence-based prevention/treatment programs are discussed.
PubMed: 38680216
DOI: 10.1080/23794925.2022.2140458 -
Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2024Extrapulmonary infections by spp., though rare, can occur via dissemination, affecting singular or multiple sites, including the skin and musculoskeletal system.... (Review)
Review
Extrapulmonary infections by spp., though rare, can occur via dissemination, affecting singular or multiple sites, including the skin and musculoskeletal system. Skeletal involvement often manifests as osteomyelitis, particularly in the axial skeleton. The present systematic review evaluates all documented cases of skeletal coccidioidomycosis to assess the diagnostic and treatment strategies alongside the outcomes, drawing insights from an analysis of 163 verified cases. A systematic review following PRISMA guidelines identified all studies reporting skeletal infections by spp. up to 2023 from the PubMed and Scopus databases. Eligible studies evaluated osteoarticular infections from spp. Data extraction included demographics, microbiological data, diagnostic methods, and treatment outcomes. Of the 501 initially identified records, a total of 163 patients from 69 studies met the inclusion criteria. Most cases were from the USA, predominantly males, while the median age of the population was 36 years. Diabetes mellitus was the common comorbidity (14.7%). was the most prevalent pathogen. The spine and hand were common sites of infection (17.5% and 15.1%, respectively). Osteomyelitis by spp. was diagnosed, in most cases, by positive cultures ( = 68; 41.7%), while, in 49 (30.9%), both the histological examination and cultures yielded the fungus. Surgical debridement was performed in 80.9% of cases. A total of 118 (72.3%) patients were treated with monotherapy, while combination therapy with two or more antifungal agents was reported in 45 (17.7%). Amphotericin B (either liposomal or deoxycholate) was the most commonly given agent as monotherapy in 51 (31.2%) patients, while 30 (18.4%) patients received itraconazole as monotherapy. The rate of infection's resolution was higher in patients undergoing surgical debridement (79.5%), compared to those treated only with antifungal agents (51.6%, = 0.003). Treatment outcomes showed complete resolution in 74.2% of patients, with a mortality rate of 9.2%. Coccidioidal osseous infections present diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Surgical intervention is often necessary, complementing antifungal therapy. Vigilance for spp. infections, especially in regions with endemicity, is crucial, particularly when bacterial cultures yield negative results.
PubMed: 38667941
DOI: 10.3390/jof10040270 -
Resuscitation Plus Jun 2024To systematically review published literature to evaluate the impact of gamified learning on educational and clinical outcomes during life support education. (Review)
Review
AIM
To systematically review published literature to evaluate the impact of gamified learning on educational and clinical outcomes during life support education.
METHODS
This systematic review was conducted as part of the continuous evidence evaluation process of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR). A search of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane was conducted from inception until February 12, 2024. Studies examining incorporation of gamified learning were eligible for inclusion. Reviewers independently extracted data on study design and outcomes; appropriate risk of bias assessment tools were used across all outcomes.
RESULTS
2261 articles were identified and screened, yielding sixteen articles (seven randomized trials, nine observational studies) which comprised the final review. No meta-analyses were conducted due to significant heterogeneity of intervention, population, and outcome. Only one study was found to have a low risk of bias; the remaining studies were found to have moderate to high risk. Fourteen studies were in healthcare providers and two were in laypersons. Most studies (11 of 16) examined the impact of a digital platform (computer or smartphone). Most (15 of 16) studies found a positive effect on at least one educational domain; one study found no effect. No included study found a negative effect on any educational domain.
CONCLUSION
This systematic review found a very heterogeneous group of studies with low certainty evidence, all but one of which demonstrated a positive effect on one or more educational domains. Future studies should examine the underlying causes of improved learning with gamification and assess the resource requirements with implementation and dissemination of gamified learning.
PubMed: 38666256
DOI: 10.1016/j.resplu.2024.100640 -
World Journal of Gastrointestinal... Apr 2024Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are molecular chaperones that play an important role in cellular protection against stress events and have been reported to be overexpressed...
BACKGROUND
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are molecular chaperones that play an important role in cellular protection against stress events and have been reported to be overexpressed in many cancers. The prognostic significance of HSPs and their regulatory factors, such as heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) and CHIP, are poorly understood.
AIM
To investigate the relationship between HSP expression and prognosis in esophageal and esophagogastric cancer.
METHODS
A systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA recommendations (PROSPERO: CRD42022370653), on Embase, PubMed, Cochrane, and LILACS. Cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies of patients with esophagus or esophagogastric cancer were included. HSP-positive patients were compared with HSP-negative, and the endpoints analyzed were lymph node metastasis, tumor depth, distant metastasis, and overall survival (OS). HSPs were stratified according to the HSP family, and the summary risk difference (RD) was calculated using a random-effect model.
RESULTS
The final selection comprised 27 studies, including esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (21), esophagogastric adenocarcinoma (5), and mixed neoplasms (1). The pooled sample size was 3465 patients. HSP40 and 60 were associated with a higher 3-year OS [HSP40: RD = 0.22; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.09-0.35; HSP60: RD = 0.33; 95%CI: 0.17-0.50], while HSF1 was associated with a poor 3-year OS (RD = -0.22; 95%CI: -0.32 to -0.12). The other HSP families were not associated with long-term survival. HSF1 was associated with a higher probability of lymph node metastasis (RD = -0.16; 95%CI: -0.29 to -0.04). HSP40 was associated with a lower probability of lymph node dissemination (RD = 0.18; 95%CI: 0.03-0.33). The expression of other HSP families was not significantly related to tumor depth and lymph node or distant metastasis.
CONCLUSION
The expression levels of certain families of HSP, such as HSP40 and 60 and HSF1, are associated with long-term survival and lymph node dissemination in patients with esophageal and esophagogastric cancer.
PubMed: 38660660
DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i4.1578 -
Zoonoses and Public Health Aug 2024Lyme disease (LD), caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi, is the most common vector-borne disease in the United States. Although most surveillance-reported cases... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Lyme disease (LD), caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi, is the most common vector-borne disease in the United States. Although most surveillance-reported cases are in people who are White, data suggest worse outcomes among people from racial and ethnic minority groups.
METHODS
We conducted a systematic literature review to describe racial disparities in LD. We described the epidemiology of LD by race and ethnicity, including clinical presentation at diagnosis, and summarised the literature on knowledge, attitudes and practices related to LD and ticks by race and ethnicity.
RESULTS
Overall, the incidence and prevalence of LD were 1.2-3.5 times higher in White persons than in persons who identified as Asian or Pacific Islander and 4.5-6.3 times higher in White persons than in persons who identified as Black. Across multiple studies, people from racial and ethnic minority groups were more likely than White people to have disseminated manifestations of LD, including neurological manifestations and arthritis, and less likely to have erythema migrans. People from racial and ethnic minority groups were also more likely to report disease onset in the fall and less likely to report disease onset in the summer. Possible reasons for these disparities include lack of recognition of the disease in people with darker skin tones, lack of knowledge of disease risk for some groups and differences in exposure risk.
CONCLUSIONS
Taken together, these results reinforce that all people residing in high-incidence areas are at risk of LD, regardless of race or ethnicity. Future prevention measures should be broadly targeted to reach all at-risk populations.
Topics: Lyme Disease; Humans; United States; Ethnicity; Incidence; Health Status Disparities; Animals
PubMed: 38659178
DOI: 10.1111/zph.13137