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Frontiers in Pharmacology 2022Traumatic spinal cord injury (t-SCI) is a severe injury that has a devastating impact on neurological function. Blood spinal cord barrier (BSCB) destruction following...
Traumatic spinal cord injury (t-SCI) is a severe injury that has a devastating impact on neurological function. Blood spinal cord barrier (BSCB) destruction following SCI aggravates the primary injury, resulting in a secondary injury. A series of experimental treatments have been proven to alleviate BSCB destruction after t-SCI. From a screen of 1,189 papers, which were retrieved from Pubmed, Embase, and Web of science, we identified 28 papers which adhered to strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. Evans blue (EB) leakage on the first day post-SCI was selected as the primary result. Secondary outcomes included the expression of tight junction (TJ) proteins and adhesion junction (AJ) proteins in protein immunoblotting. In addition, we measured functional recovery using the Basso, Beattie, Besnahan (BBB) score and we analyzed the relevant mechanisms to explore the similarities between different studies. The forest plot of Evans blue leakage (EB leakage) reduction rate: the pooled effect size of the 28 studies was 0.54, 95% CI: 0.47-0.61, < 0.01. This indicates that measures to mitigate BSCB damage significantly improved in reducing overall EB leakage. In addition TJ proteins (Occludin, Claudin-5, and ZO-1), AJ proteins (P120 and β-catenin) were significantly upregulated after treatment in all publications. Moreover, BBB scores were significantly improved. Comprehensive studies have shown that in t-SCI, inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) is the most commonly used mechanism to mitigate BSCB damage, followed by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the Akt pathway. In addition, we found that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (BMSC-Exos), which inhibit the TIMP2/MMP signaling pathway, may be the most effective way to alleviate BSCB injury. This study systematically analyzes the experimental treatments and their mechanisms for reducing BSCB injury in the early stage of t-SCI. BMSC-Exos, which inhibit MMP expression, are currently the most effective therapeutic modality for alleviating BSCB damage. In addition, the regulation of MMPs in particular as well as the Akt pathway and the ER stress pathway play important roles in alleviating BSCB injury. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022324794.
PubMed: 36081932
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.950368 -
Medicine Jul 2022Stress granules (SGs) are the dense granules formed in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells in response to stress stimuli, such as endoplasmic reticulum stress, heat shock,...
BACKGROUND
Stress granules (SGs) are the dense granules formed in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells in response to stress stimuli, such as endoplasmic reticulum stress, heat shock, hypoxia, and arsenate exposure. Although SGs have been attracting a lot of research attention, there is still a lack of systematic analysis of SGs in the literature.
METHODS
By analyzing the literature published in the Web of Science database using the R software, we extracted all the information related to SGs from the literature and cited references. The following information was included: publications per year, overall citations, top 10 countries, top 10 authors, co-author collaborations, top 10 institutions, critical areas, and top 10 cited research articles.
RESULTS
A total of 4052 articles related to SGs were selected and screened. These documents have been cited a total of 110,553 times, with an H-index of 126 and an average of 27.28 citations per article. The authors of the literature included in this study were from 89 different countries/regions. The United States and China had the highest number of publications and ranking institutions.
CONCLUSIONS
This article presents essential insights on the characteristics and influence of SGs, demonstrating their indispensable role in immune regulation and other fields.
Topics: Bibliometrics; Databases, Factual; Delivery of Health Care; Humans; Publications; Stress Granules
PubMed: 35866775
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000029200 -
Frontiers in Neuroscience 2022Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are generally considered proteinopathies but whereas this may initiate disease in familial cases, onset in sporadic diseases may...
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are generally considered proteinopathies but whereas this may initiate disease in familial cases, onset in sporadic diseases may originate from a gradually disrupted organellar homeostasis. Herein, endolysosomal abnormalities, mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and altered lipid metabolism are commonly observed in early preclinical stages of major NDs, including Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Among the multitude of underlying defective molecular mechanisms that have been suggested in the past decades, dysregulation of inter-organellar communication through the so-called membrane contact sites (MCSs) is becoming increasingly apparent. Although MCSs exist between almost every other type of subcellular organelle, to date, most focus has been put on defective communication between the ER and mitochondria in NDs, given these compartments are critical in neuronal survival. Contributions of other MCSs, notably those with endolysosomes and lipid droplets are emerging, supported as well by genetic studies, identifying genes functionally involved in lysosomal homeostasis. In this review, we summarize the molecular identity of the organelle interactome in yeast and mammalian cells, and critically evaluate the evidence supporting the contribution of disturbed MCSs to the general disrupted inter-organellar homeostasis in NDs, taking PD and AD as major examples.
PubMed: 35801175
DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.900338 -
Frontiers in Pharmacology 2022Berberine, the main bioactive component of Franch., is widely used in the treatment of diabetes. Previous studies have reported that berberine supplementation may play...
Berberine, the main bioactive component of Franch., is widely used in the treatment of diabetes. Previous studies have reported that berberine supplementation may play a multitarget therapeutic role in diabetes-related cognitive impairment (DCI). This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effect and possible mechanisms of berberine in animal models of DCI. Relevant studies were searched through PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and three Chinese databases (CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP) until March 2022. Twenty studies involving 442 animals were included, and SYRCLE's risk of bias tool was used to assess methodological quality. The statistical analysis was performed using STATA 15.0 to calculate the weighted standard mean difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). The fasting blood glucose (FBG) and Morris water maze test (MWM) were the main outcomes to be analyzed. The overall results showed that berberine could significantly improve FBG, escape latency, the times of crossing the platform, the time spent in the target quadrant, serum insulin, 2hBG of oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), amyloid β (Aβ), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), oxidative stress, and inflammation levels. The present meta-analysis demonstrated that berberine could not only lower blood glucose levels but also improve learning and memory in DCI animal models, which might involve regulating glucose and lipid metabolism, improving insulin resistance, anti-oxidation, anti-neuroinflammation, inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress; and improving the cholinergic system. However, additional attention should be paid to these outcomes due to the significant heterogeneity.
PubMed: 35734409
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.917375 -
Addiction (Abingdon, England) Sep 2022Genomic and transcriptomic findings greatly broaden the biological knowledge regarding substance use. However, systematic convergence and comparison evidence of...
Common and distinguishing genetic factors for substance use behavior and disorder: an integrated analysis of genomic and transcriptomic studies from both human and animal studies.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Genomic and transcriptomic findings greatly broaden the biological knowledge regarding substance use. However, systematic convergence and comparison evidence of genome-wide findings is lacking for substance use. Here, we combined all the genome-wide findings from both substance use behavior and disorder (SUBD) and identified common and distinguishing genetic factors for different SUBDs.
METHODS
Systemic literature search for genome-wide association (GWAS) and RNA-seq studies of alcohol/nicotine/drug use behavior (partially meets or not reported diagnostic criteria) and alcohol use behavior and disorder (AUBD), nicotine use behavior and disorder (NUBD) and drug use behavior and disorder (DUBD) was performed using PubMed and the GWAS catalog. Drug use was focused upon cannabis, opioid, cocaine and methamphetamine use. GWAS studies required case-control or case/cohort samples. RNA-seq studies were based on brain tissues. The genes which contained significant single nucleotide polymorphism (P ≤ 1 × 10 ) in GWAS and reported as significant in RNA-seq studies were extracted. Pathway enrichment was performed by using Metascape. Gene interaction networks were identified by using the Protein Interaction Network Analysis database.
RESULTS
Total SUBD-related 2910 genes were extracted from 75 GWAS studies (2 773 889 participants) and 17 RNA-seq studies. By overlapping the genes and pathways of AUBD, NUBD and DUBD, four shared genes (CACNB2, GRIN2B, PLXDC2 and PKNOX2), four shared pathways [two Gene Ontology (GO) terms of 'modulation of chemical synaptic transmission', 'regulation of trans-synaptic signaling', two Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways of 'dopaminergic synapse', 'cocaine addiction'] were identified (significantly higher than random, P < 1 × 10 ). The top shared KEGG pathways (Benjamini-Hochberg-corrected P-value < 0.05) in the pairwise comparison of AUBD versus DUBD, NUBD versus DUBD, AUBD versus NUBD were 'Epstein-Barr virus infection', 'protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum' and 'neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction', respectively. We also identified substance-specific genetic factors: i.e. ADH1B and ALDH2 were unique for AUBD, while CHRNA3 and CHRNA4 were unique for NUBD.
CONCLUSIONS
This systematic review identifies the shared and unique genes and pathways for alcohol, nicotine and drug use behaviors and disorders at the genome-wide level and highlights critical biological processes for the common and distinguishing vulnerability of substance use behaviors and disorders.
Topics: Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, Mitochondrial; Animals; Cocaine; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genome-Wide Association Study; Genomics; Herpesvirus 4, Human; Humans; Nicotine; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Substance-Related Disorders; Tobacco Use Disorder; Transcriptome
PubMed: 35491750
DOI: 10.1111/add.15908 -
Frontiers in Plant Science 2022The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response is triggered by any condition that disrupts protein folding and promotes the accumulation of unfolded proteins in the...
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response is triggered by any condition that disrupts protein folding and promotes the accumulation of unfolded proteins in the lumen of the organelle. In eukaryotic cells, the evolutionarily conserved unfolded protein response is activated to clear unfolded proteins and restore ER homeostasis. The recovery from ER stress is accomplished by decreasing protein translation and loading into the organelle, increasing the ER protein processing capacity and ER-associated protein degradation activity. However, if the ER stress persists and cannot be reversed, the chronically prolonged stress leads to cellular dysfunction that activates cell death signaling as an ultimate attempt to survive. Accumulating evidence implicates ER stress-induced cell death signaling pathways as significant contributors for stress adaptation in plants, making modulators of ER stress pathways potentially attractive targets for stress tolerance engineering. Here, we summarize recent advances in understanding plant-specific molecular mechanisms that elicit cell death signaling from ER stress. We also highlight the conserved features of ER stress-induced cell death signaling in plants shared by eukaryotic cells.
PubMed: 35185996
DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.835738 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2022Calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis is a common and highly recurrent disease in urology; however, its precise pathogenesis is still unknown. Recent research has shown that...
Calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis is a common and highly recurrent disease in urology; however, its precise pathogenesis is still unknown. Recent research has shown that renal inflammatory injury as a result of the cell-crystal reaction plays a crucial role in the development of calcium oxalate kidney stones. An increasing amount of research have confirmed that inflammation mediated by the cell-crystal reaction can lead to inflammatory injury of renal cells, promote the intracellular expression of NADPH oxidase, induce extensive production of reactive oxygen species, activate NLRP3 inflammasome, discharge a great number of inflammatory factors, trigger inflammatory cascading reactions, promote the aggregation, nucleation and growth process of calcium salt crystals, and ultimately lead to the development of intrarenal crystals and even stones. The renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs)-crystal reaction, macrophage-crystal reaction, calcifying nanoparticles, endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy activation, and other regulatory factors and mechanisms are involved in this process.
Topics: Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress; Epithelial Cells; Humans; Inflammasomes; Inflammation; NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein; Nephrolithiasis; Reactive Oxygen Species
PubMed: 35154136
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.818625 -
Frontiers in Physiology 2021Renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is one of the major causes related to acute kidney damage. Melatonin has been shown as a powerful antioxidant, with many animal...
Renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is one of the major causes related to acute kidney damage. Melatonin has been shown as a powerful antioxidant, with many animal experiments have been designed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of it to renal I/R injury. This systematic review aimed to assess the therapeutic effect of melatonin for renal I/R injury in animal models. The PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Science Direct were searched for animal experiments applying melatonin to treat renal I/R injury to February 2021. Thirty-one studies were included. The pooled analysis showed a greater reduction of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (21 studies, weighted mean difference (WMD) = -30.00 [-42.09 to -17.91], < 0.00001), and serum creatinine (SCr) (20 studies, WMD = -0.91 [-1.17 to -0.66], < 0.00001) treated with melatonin. Subgroup analysis suggested that multiple administration could reduce the BUN compared with control. Malondialdehyde and myeloperoxidase were significantly reduced, meanwhile, melatonin significantly improved the activity of glutathione, as well as superoxide dismutase. The possible mechanism for melatonin to treat renal I/R injury is inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress, apoptosis, inflammation, autophagy, and fibrillation in AKI to chronic kidney disease. From the available data of small animal studies, this systematic review demonstrated that melatonin could improve renal function and antioxidative effects to cure renal I/R injury through, then multiple administration of melatonin might be more appropriate. Nonetheless, extensive basic experiments are need to study the mechanism of melatonin, then well-designed randomized controlled trials to explore the protective effect of melatonin.
PubMed: 35095558
DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.791036 -
Urologic Oncology May 2022Determining meta-analysis of transcriptional profiling of muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) through Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets has not been investigated.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Determining meta-analysis of transcriptional profiling of muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) through Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets has not been investigated. This study aims to define gene expression profiles in MIBC and to identify potential candidate genes and pathways.
OBJECTIVES
To review and evaluate gene expression studies in MIBC through publicly available RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and microarray data in order to identify potential prognostic and therapeutic targets for MIBC.
METHODS
A systematic literature search of the Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, and Wiley Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases was performed using the terms "gene," "gene expression," and "bladder cancer" January 1, 1990 through March 2021 focused on populations with MIBC.
RESULTS
In the final analysis, GEO datasets were included. Fixed effect model was employed in the meta-analysis. Gene networking connections and gene-set functional analyses of the identified genes as differentially expressed in MIBC were performed using ImaGEO and GeneMANIA software. A heatmap for the upregulated and downregulated genes was generated along with the correlated pathways.
CONCLUSION
A total of 9 genes were reported in this analysis. Six genes were reported as upregulated (ProTα, SPINT1, UBE2E1, RAB25, KPNB1, HDAC1) and 3 genes as downregulated (NUP188, IPO13, NUP124). Genes were found to be involved in "ubiquitin mediated proteolysis," "protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum," "transcriptional misregulation in cancer," and "RNA transport" pathways.
Topics: Female; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene Regulatory Networks; Humans; Male; Muscles; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Prognosis; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms; rab GTP-Binding Proteins
PubMed: 35039218
DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2021.11.003 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jan 2022Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at a highly increased risk of cardiovascular complications, with increased vascular inflammation, accelerated... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at a highly increased risk of cardiovascular complications, with increased vascular inflammation, accelerated atherogenesis and enhanced thrombotic risk. Considering the central role of the endothelium in protecting from atherogenesis and thrombosis, as well as its cardioprotective role in regulating vasorelaxation, this study aimed to systematically integrate literature on CKD-associated endothelial dysfunction, including the underlying molecular mechanisms, into a comprehensive overview. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review of literature describing uremic serum or uremic toxin-induced vascular dysfunction with a special focus on the endothelium. This revealed 39 studies analyzing the effects of uremic serum or the uremic toxins indoxyl sulfate, cyanate, modified LDL, the advanced glycation end products N-carboxymethyl-lysine and N-carboxyethyl-lysine, p-cresol and p-cresyl sulfate, phosphate, uric acid and asymmetric dimethylarginine. Most studies described an increase in inflammation, oxidative stress, leukocyte migration and adhesion, cell death and a thrombotic phenotype upon uremic conditions or uremic toxin treatment of endothelial cells. Cellular signaling pathways that were frequently activated included the ROS, MAPK/NF-κB, the Aryl-Hydrocarbon-Receptor and RAGE pathways. Overall, this review provides detailed insights into pathophysiological and molecular mechanisms underlying endothelial dysfunction in CKD. Targeting these pathways may provide new therapeutic strategies reducing increased the cardiovascular risk in CKD.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Disease Susceptibility; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress; Endothelial Cells; Endothelium, Vascular; Humans; Nitric Oxide; Oxidative Stress; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Signal Transduction; Uremic Toxins
PubMed: 35008960
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010531