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The Lancet. Infectious Diseases Nov 2014Listeriosis, caused by Listeria monocytogenes, is an important foodborne disease that can be difficult to control and commonly results in severe clinical outcomes. We... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Listeriosis, caused by Listeria monocytogenes, is an important foodborne disease that can be difficult to control and commonly results in severe clinical outcomes. We aimed to provide the first estimates of global numbers of illnesses, deaths, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to listeriosis, by synthesising information and knowledge through a systematic review.
METHODS
We retrieved data on listeriosis through a systematic review of peer-reviewed and grey literature (published in 1990-2012). We excluded incidence data from before 1990 from the analysis. We reviewed national surveillance data where available. We did a multilevel meta-analysis to impute missing country-specific listeriosis incidence rates. We used a meta-regression to calculate the proportions of health states, and a Monte Carlo simulation to generate DALYs by WHO subregion.
FINDINGS
We screened 11,722 references and identified 87 eligible studies containing listeriosis data for inclusion in the meta-analyses. We estimated that, in 2010, listeriosis resulted in 23,150 illnesses (95% credible interval 6061-91,247), 5463 deaths (1401-21,497), and 172,823 DALYs (44,079-676,465). The proportion of perinatal cases was 20·7% (SD 1·7).
INTERPRETATION
Our quantification of the global burden of listeriosis will enable international prioritisation exercises. The number of DALYs due to listeriosis was lower than those due to congenital toxoplasmosis but accords with those due to echinococcosis. Urgent efforts are needed to fill the missing data in developing countries. We were unable to identify incidence data for the AFRO, EMRO, and SEARO WHO regions.
FUNDING
WHO Foodborne Diseases Epidemiology Reference Group and the Université catholique de Louvain.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Foodborne Diseases; Global Health; Humans; Incidence; Infant; Listeria monocytogenes; Listeriosis; Male; Middle Aged; Young Adult
PubMed: 25241232
DOI: 10.1016/S1473-3099(14)70870-9 -
Biomedica : Revista Del Instituto... Sep 2012Food borne diseases are a serious public health problem. Poultry are often associated with these outbreaks. (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Food borne diseases are a serious public health problem. Poultry are often associated with these outbreaks.
OBJECTIVE
A systematic review of the literature is provided concerning the distribution and frequency of food borne outbreaks associated with consumption of chicken contaminated with Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The search for studies of outbreaks associated with Salmonella, S. aureus and L. monocytogenes was conducted in Medline, PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo, Cochrane Library (CCRT), Virtual Health Library (VHL), Highwire, HINARI and MedicLatina. Data were obtained for the calculation of odds ratio (OR) by preparing contingency tables using the RevMan5 program.
RESULTS
Seven articles met the inclusion criteria; however, no reports of L. monocytogenes were obtained. The overall OR was 3.01 (95% CI: 2.37, 3.81); this was interpreted as a significant association between the consumption of contaminated chicken and food poisoning. In the included studies heterogeneity (p= 0.03) was presented, so it took a subgroup analysis of microorganisms, in the case of Salmonella OR was 2.67 (95% CI: 2.09 -3.41). No analysis was made for S. aureus reported a single article.
CONCLUSIONS
The OR indicated a strong association between chicken consumption and acquisition of salmonellosis. The main risk factor for acquiring salmonellosis is the consumption of chicken from grill restaurants.
Topics: Africa; Americas; Animals; Case-Control Studies; Chickens; Cooking; Disease Outbreaks; Europe; Food Contamination; Food Microbiology; Foodborne Diseases; Humans; Listeria monocytogenes; Meat; Odds Ratio; Publication Bias; Restaurants; Risk Factors; Salmonella; Salmonella Food Poisoning; Staphylococcal Food Poisoning; Staphylococcus aureus
PubMed: 23715186
DOI: 10.1590/S0120-41572012000300008 -
Journal of Food Protection Nov 2012The objective of this study was to perform a systematic review of risk factors for contamination of fruits and vegetables with Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella, and... (Review)
Review
The objective of this study was to perform a systematic review of risk factors for contamination of fruits and vegetables with Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella, and Escherichia coli O157:H7 at the preharvest level. Relevant studies were identified by searching six electronic databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CAB Abstracts, AGRIS, AGRICOLA, and FSTA, using the following thesaurus terms: L. monocytogenes, Salmonella, E. coli O157 AND fruit, vegetable. All search terms were exploded to find all related subheadings. To be eligible, studies had to be prospective controlled trials or observational studies at the preharvest level and had to show clear and sufficient information on the process in which the produce was contaminated. Of the 3,463 citations identified, 68 studies fulfilled the eligibility criteria. Most of these studies were on leafy greens and tomatoes. Six studies assessed produce contamination with respect to animal host-related risk factors, and 20 studies assessed contamination with respect to pathogen characteristics. Sixty-two studies assessed the association between produce contamination and factors related to produce, water, and soil, as well as local ecological conditions of the production location. While evaluations of many risk factors for preharvest-level produce contamination have been reported, the quality assessment of the reviewed studies confirmed the existence of solid evidence for only some of them, including growing produce on clay-type soil, the application of contaminated or non-pH-stabilized manure, and the use of spray irrigation with contaminated water, with a particular risk of contamination on the lower leaf surface. In conclusion, synthesis of the reviewed studies suggests that reducing microbial contamination of irrigation water and soil are the most effective targets for the prevention and control of produce contamination. Furthermore, this review provides an inventory of the evaluated risk factors, including those requiring more research.
Topics: Escherichia coli O157; Food Contamination; Food Safety; Fruit; Humans; Listeria monocytogenes; Risk Factors; Salmonella; Vegetables
PubMed: 23127717
DOI: 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-12-160 -
Journal of Perinatal Medicine May 2011Listeria is commonly found in processed and prepared foods and listeriosis is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Preventative measures are well prescribed and... (Review)
Review
Listeria is commonly found in processed and prepared foods and listeriosis is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Preventative measures are well prescribed and monitoring and voluntary recall of contaminated products has resulted in a 44% reduction in the prevalence of perinatal listeriosis in the USA. Pregnant women are at high risk for listeriosis, but symptoms are non-specific and diagnosis is difficult. The intracellular life-cycle of Listeria protects the bacterium from host innate and adaptive immune responses. Antibiotic treatment requires agents able to penetrate, distribute, and remain stable within host cells. Prolonged use of high-dose ampicillin can significantly improve neonatal outcome.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Female; Food Microbiology; Foodborne Diseases; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; Listeria monocytogenes; Listeriosis; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Risk Factors; Seasons
PubMed: 21517700
DOI: 10.1515/jpm.2011.035 -
Tropical Medicine & International... Jun 2011Meningitis is more common in the neonatal period than any other time in life and is an important cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Despite the majority of the... (Review)
Review
Meningitis is more common in the neonatal period than any other time in life and is an important cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Despite the majority of the burden occurring in the developing world, the majority of the existing literature originates from wealthy countries. Mortality from neonatal meningitis in developing countries is estimated to be 40-58%, against 10% in developed countries. Important differences exist in the spectrum of pathogens isolated from cerebrospinal fluid cultures in developed versus developing countries. Briefly, while studies in developed countries have generally found Group B streptococcus (GBS), Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes as important organisms, we describe how in the developing world results have varied; particularly regarding GBS, other Gram negatives (excluding E. coli), Listeria and Gram-positive organisms. The choice of empiric antibiotics should take into consideration local epidemiology if known, early versus late disease, resistance patterns and availability within resource constraints. Gaps in knowledge, the role of adjuvant therapies and future directions for research are explored.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Developing Countries; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Meningitis, Bacterial; Risk Factors
PubMed: 21395927
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2011.02750.x -
Enfermedades Infecciosas Y... 2009Listeria monocytogenes is an unusual pathogenic agent in the general population, but is an important cause of bacteriemia and meningoencephalitis among newborns,... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Listeria monocytogenes is an unusual pathogenic agent in the general population, but is an important cause of bacteriemia and meningoencephalitis among newborns, pregnant women, the elderly population, and immunosuppressed patients. In rare cases, it has been described in joint prosthesis infections.
METHODS
A case description of prosthetic joint infection caused by Listeria in a 74-year-old man is presented. A systematic review of the literature (MEDLINE up to November 2007) was performed, and the reported cases are summarized.
RESULTS
Sixteen cases of prosthetic joint infection by L. monocytogenes have been reported, mainly in patients of advanced age (mean, 67.4 years; mode, 70 years) and immunosuppressed patients. Most cases were late infections.
CONCLUSION
L. monocytogenes should be kept in mind as a pathogen involved in joint prosthesis infection, particularly among the elderly and immunosuppressed populations. Based on the literature review, parenteral ampicillin for at least 6 weeks is the treatment of choice. If possible, prosthesis removal should also be performed.
Topics: Aged; Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee; Bacteremia; Combined Modality Therapy; Comorbidity; Device Removal; Gentamicins; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Listeria monocytogenes; Listeriosis; Male; Prosthesis-Related Infections; Reoperation
PubMed: 19539406
DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2008.05.007 -
Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent... Jan 2002To estimate the prevalence of perinatal Listeria monocytogenes and enterococcal infections in outpatient febrile infants and to evaluate the need to treat with... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
To estimate the prevalence of perinatal Listeria monocytogenes and enterococcal infections in outpatient febrile infants and to evaluate the need to treat with ampicillin.
DATA SOURCES
Online bibliographies were searched for articles related to serious bacterial infection and fever in infants. Reference lists from selected and review articles were also examined.
STUDY SELECTION
Studies that reported rates and types of bacterial infection in febrile outpatients younger than 3 months were included. Those performed outside North America, lacking results by age, or those that evaluated selected patient populations were excluded.
DATA EXTRACTION
Two authors independently reviewed the selected articles for inclusion and abstracted the data.
DATA SYNTHESIS
Fourteen studies, evaluating 5247 febrile outpatients, were included. The prevalences of L monocytogenes and enterococcal infections were 7.3 (binomial exact 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.5-13.3), 1.9 (95% CI, 0.6-4.4), and 5.6 (95% CI, 0.7-2.1) per 1000 febrile infants in the first, second, and third months of life, respectively. To cover 1 infant with serious bacterial infection caused by L monocytogenes and enterococcal infections, the numbers of febrile infants who would need ampicillin were estimated as 138 (95% CI, 76-288) in the first month, 527 (95% CI, 226-1621) in the second month, and 178 (95% CI, 50-1469) in the third month. Enterococcal infections occurred in all ages studied; there were no Listeria infections after 30 days of age.
CONCLUSION
The empirical use of ampicillin to cover febrile infants for L monocytogenes and enterococcal infections is most justifiable in the first month of life.
Topics: Age Distribution; Age Factors; Ambulatory Care; Ampicillin; Bias; Confidence Intervals; Drug Utilization; Enterococcus; Evidence-Based Medicine; Fever; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Listeria monocytogenes; Listeriosis; Needs Assessment; North America; Patient Selection; Pediatrics; Penicillins; Practice Patterns, Physicians'; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Single-Blind Method; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 11772187
DOI: 10.1001/archpedi.156.1.27